Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with UV Detector for the Determination of Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Plasma in some Korean Male Workers: Yun Jung Yang, Soon Chul Myoung, Sae Chul Kim, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):70-78. Published online March 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.70

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to validate a simple, rapid and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detector (HPLC-UV) and present the plasma level of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in some Korean male workers.
METHODS
HPLC-UV for quantification of plasma DEHP was validated by the following guideline from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)-calibration/standard curve, precision, accuracy and recovery. Plasma DEHP from 255 healthy Korean male workers aged from 30 to 60 years was analyzed by validated HPLC-UV method.
RESULTS
The calibration curve over the range 0~150 microgram/liter for the plasma DEHP standard solution showed linearity(r2=0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of plasma DEHP were 5.22 microgram/liter and 15.81 microgram/liter, respectively. The accuracy and precision for 2.5 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable in CDER guideline on the second and third day but not first day, and those for 50 microgram/liter and 150 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable on all three days(Ed-confirm this addition). The distribution of plasma DEHP level was skewed to the left and ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter. The plasma DEHP level was lower than 10 microgram/liter for 98 % of subjects and lower than 5 microgram/liter for 85 %. The geometric mean and standard deviation of plasma DEHP were 0.4 +/- 1.5 microgram/liter.
CONCLUSIONS
The HPLC-UV method for quantification of plasma DEHP was acceptable by CDER guideline. The plasma DEHP of 255 Korean male workers ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter and the distribution was skewed to the left.

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Assessment of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure by Urinary Metabolites as a Function of Sampling Time
Moon-seo Park, Yun-jung Yang, Yeon-pyo Hong, Sang-yon Kim, Yong-pil Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(4): 301. CrossRef

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Original Article

Identification of Plasma Coagulation Factor XIII, Transglutaminase 3 and N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-Link in the Silicotic Nodule by Immunohistochemistry: You Mie Kim, Young Jin Kim, Soo Young Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):173-180. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.173

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to examine the immunohistochemical distribution of TGase 1, 2, 3, coagulation factor XIII and N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-link in the silicotic nodules formed after an intratracheal instillation of the silica.
METHODS
The immunohistochemical examinations used antibodies against TGase 1, 2, 3, coagulation factor XIII and N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine isopeptide in the silicotic nodules induced after an intratracheal instillation of 50 mg of size fractionated, crystalline silica.
RESULTS
A high level of TGase 3 was related to the severity of fibrosis in silicotic nodules and extracellular coagulation factor XIII was detected around the nodules. Expressions of both membrane-bound TGase 1 and TGase 2 were barely detected in the nodules although high expressions were detected in the intact lung. Formation of N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-links was increased in severe fibrotic nodules.
CONCLUSIONS
TGase 3 might contribute to the eventual stone-like fibrosis via formation of N epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine cross-links. Futhermore, coagulation factor XIII plays a role in the formation of a provisional matrix which results in fibrogenesis during silicotic nodule formation.

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Original Article

The Application of Biological Monitoring and Effects of Ethanol and Phenobarbital on Plasma Protein Adducts Formed in Rats Exposed to Benzidine: Chi Nyon Kim, Se Hoon Lee, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):353-363. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.353

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The effects of ethanol and phenobarbital,which are known to affect metabolism of xenobiotics, on the formation of benzidine-and its metabolites-plasma protein adducts in rats administered benzidine were evaluated.
METHODS
The experimental rats were divided into the control,ethanol and phenobar-bital groups. The experimental groups (ethanol and phenobarbital group)were pretreated with ethanol (1g/kg)or phenobarbital (80mg/kg)24 hours prior to the oral administration of benzidine (0.5mmol/kg). Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava from 5 rats in each group; and at 30 min,3 h,6 h,9 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,and 144 h after the administration of benzidine using heparin treated syringes.The plasma protein levels were separated immediately after taking blood samples. The adducts were underwent basic hydrolysis to convert them into aromatic amines. The hydrolyzed benzidine, monoacetylbenzidine, and 4-aminobiphenyl were analyzed by reverse-phased liquid chro-matography with an electrochemical detector. The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by the plasma protein binding index(PBI).
RESULTS
Similar to the hemoglobin adducts,the levels of the plasma protein adducts of the ethanol and phenobarbital groups (benzidine-, monoacetylbenzidine-, and 4-amino-biphenyl-PBI)were higher than those of the control group. These results are attributable to the fact that ethanol and phenobarbital induced to the plasma protein adduct formation. The N-acetylation ratio in the control group was highest at 72 h with 2.34.In the ethanol group,it was highest at 72 h with a ratio of 2.46 and was highest in the phenobarbital group at 72 h with a ratio of 2.43. The N-acetylation ratio of the plasma protein adducts was relatively lower than that of the hemoglobin adducts.The level of the plasma protein adduct increased more rapidly than the hemoglobin adducts in all experimental groups regardless of the pretreatment,and decreased rapidly after reaching the maximum level.
CONCLUSION
The above results indicate that ethanol and phenobarbital increased the level of plasma protein adduct formation. The plasma protein adducts tended to decrease more rapidly than the hemoglobin adducts in the body after benzidine exposure. This results in this study result suggests that the effects of ethanol or phenobarbital need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring,and that the level of the plasma protein adducts be a more proper biomarker than the hemoglobin adducts for assessing the short term exposure to a benzidine and benzidine based dye.

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Original Article

Changes of Cadmium in Blood and Urine of Cadmium Exposed Rats: Jung Duck Park, Mee Jung Kim, Byung Sun Choi, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):316-322. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.316

Abstract PDF: The changes of Cadmium(Cd) in plasma, whole blood, erythrocyte and urine in Sprague-Dawley male rates exposed to intravenous single injection of 0.8 mg CdCl2/kg of body weight were investigated. Blood sample was taken at 0.5 to 672 hours, and 24 hour-urine was collected by using metabolic cage for the same period. The plasma level of Cd was reached to peak at 0.5 hour after injection and reduced rapidly in 1 hour. The Cd level in blood was the highest in plasma and the lowest in erythrocyte at 0.5 hour after injection. However, in one hour postinjection, the levels of Cd were higher in order of erythrocyte, whole blood and plasma, up to 4 weeks. The changes of urinary volume and creatinine were not significant between Cd-treated and saline-treated groups. However, urinary protein was slightly increased with time in Cd-treated group. Urinary Cd level was higher in Cd treated group than control. These results suggest that the measurement of Cd in erythrocyte and urine is valuable for the biological index to estimate recent Cd exposure.

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