Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Relationship between fatigue severity scale and occupational injury in Korean workers: Hyeonwoo Ju, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sung Wook Jang, Youna Won, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e15. Published online May 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e15

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between fatigue and occupational injury.

Methods

This study was conducted at a university hospital in 2014 and 2015. In 2014, the fatigue severity scale (FSS) was used to evaluate workers' fatigue levels. Later, when the same workers were examined in 2015, a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine whether they had experienced absences or treatment for work-related accidents. The χ² test was used to analyse the relationship between demographic characteristics, fatigue levels, and occupational injuries. After controlling for confounders, a logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs).

Results

In 2014, 19,218 workers were screened during health examination and their fatigue level were evaluated using FSS questionnaires. in 2015, workers' occupational injury was evaluated. In result, men in the moderate- and high-fatigue groups, after adjusting for age, smoking and drinking habits, chronic diseases, and occupational factors such as size of company industrial classification and type of work (shift or non-shift), adjusted ORs for hospital treatment due to occupational injury were 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–2.24) and 2.61 (95% CI:1.68–4.06), respectively. Among men in the medium- and high-fatigue groups, the adjusted ORs for absence due to occupational injury were 2.06 (95% CI: 1.52–2.80) and 3.65 (95% CI: 2.20–6.05), respectively. No significant association was observed between fatigue and occupational injury in women.

Conclusions

Male workers with high fatigue levels have a higher risk of experiencing work injuries. This study suggests that active intervention be considered to prevent injuries in workers with high scores on workplace fatigue evaluation scales.

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Research Article

Association between nicotine dependency with occupational injury in Korean men: Sung Wook Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Ji Ho Kim, Min Sun Kim, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Hyung Doo Kim, Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e14. Published online May 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e14

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Background

The relationship between smoking status or second-hand smoking and occupational injuries has been the subject of considerable study, but few have studied the relationship between nicotine dependence and occupational injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between nicotine dependence and occupational injury among employees at a range of Korean companies.

Methods

Initially, the personal and occupational characteristics and nicotine dependences of workers were measured, and 12 months later a survey was used to determine whether subjects had experienced any occupational injury. This study was conducted in several workplaces on 6,893 male workers in manufacturing and service industries that received health screening at Inha University Hospital in Incheon.

Results

The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of occupational injury in the low, moderate, and high nicotine dependence groups were 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.84), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.10–2.10), and 1.71 (95% CI: 0.92–3.19), respectively. For smokers only, adjusted ORs tended to increase linearly (p for trend < 0.05). When only smokers were included, analysis of continuous FTND (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence) scores showed that adjusted OR increased by 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03–1.19) per FTND point. After stratifying the data by working type and working hours per week, the non-shift work group maintained this relationship (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24) and OR was higher in the group that works more than 60 hours per week with FTND score as a continuous variable (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07–1.44).

Conclusions

The study shows nicotine dependency might affect occupational injury. From a short-term perspective, addressing worker's nicotine dependence by giving an adequate break time or smoking area might reduce work-related injuries.

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Changes in the Health Indicators of Hospital Medical Residents During the Four-Year Training Period in Korea
Ji-Sung Ahn, Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impacts of presenteeism on work-related injury absence and disease absence
Youna Won, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jiho Kim, Minsun Kim, Seong-Cheol Yang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Association of work–life balance with occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Korean workers: Jong-min An, Jinseok Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Kibeom Kim, Ha-ram Jo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e20. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e20

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Background

The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue in workers' health and safety. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WLB and occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain.

Method

The study included 27,383 workers who participated in the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were divided into good WLB and poor WLB groups based on their responses to the five question items which comprised two dimensions: work-on-life conflict (items, 1–3) and life-on-work conflict (items 4 and 5). Occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain were also assessed using the question items. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of WLB to occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain while considering socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and ergonomic and psychological risk factors.

Results

Of the 27,383 participants, 252 (0.9%) had experienced an occupational injury and 6,408 (23.4%) had musculoskeletal pain. The poor WLB group had higher injury rates for both men (1.7%) and women (0.9%) than the good WLB group (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively). Additionally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was higher for both men and women in the poor WLB group (25.2% and 28.0%, respectively) than for men and women in the good WLB group (18.7% and 23.6%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of WLB for occupational injury was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.78), and that for musculoskeletal pain was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), showing positive associations of WLB with both occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions

Poor WLB causes an increase in occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, an improvement in WLB may reduce the incidence of occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain among workers. Social and policy-related initiatives are needed to improve workers' WLB to reduce occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

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Construction and validation of a musculoskeletal disease risk prediction model for underground coal miners
Haili Zhao, Hong Dou, Xianting Yong, Wei Liu, Saiyidan Yalimaimaiti, Ying Yang, Xiaoqiao Liang, Lili Sun, Jiwen Liu, Li Ning
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Research Article

Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe: Joonho Ahn, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e24. Published online September 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e24

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Background

To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries.

Methods

We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038).

Conclusions

Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.

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Seonguk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
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Teleworking Is Significantly Associated with Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances among Paid Workers in the COVID-19 Era
Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488. CrossRef
Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157. CrossRef
Comparative analyses of occupational injuries among temporary agency worker and direct contract workers: Findings from the Korea Health Panel 2009–2018
Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Tae-Won Jang, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Inequalities in External-Cause Mortality in 2018 across Industries in Republic of Korea
Jiyoung Lim, Kwon Ko, Kyung Eun Lee, Jae Bum Park, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong
Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 117. CrossRef
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Joonho Ahn, So-Jung Ryu, Jihun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5492. CrossRef
Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

An overview of compensated work-related injuries among Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015: Hyung Doo Kim, Yon Soo An, Dong Hyun Kim, Kyung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:57. Published online September 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0268-2

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Background

Although one in two firefighters in South Korea have experienced work-related injuries, there are few studies which show the overview description on work-related injuries and its analysis regarding such causes. Therefore, we aimed to show the overview of compensated work-related injuries in order to serve fundamental data for establishing prevention policies on work-related injuries for Korean firefighters.

Methods

We requested the all claimed work-related injury data of Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015 to the Korean National Fire Agency (NFA). The data from NFA including 2457 claimed cases was analyzed and we confirmed, 2154 approved work-related injuries for the kinds of job activities, cause of accident and type of injuries. Among 2154 approved cases, we analyzed more variables for the sex, age, and job duration of 1344 compensated cases through served text file on summary of accident.

Results

The Government Employees Pension Service (GEPS) recognized 2154 (87.7%) approved work-related injuries among 2457 claimed cases. The incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters was 9.8 persons. By region, the incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters ranged from a maximum of 14.5 to a minimum of 4.0. The most common job activity caused the accident was fire suppression (18.0%), followed by Emergency medical services (EMS) (17.5%) and training (10.7%). The most common cause of these accident was movement imbalance (30.3%), followed by falls (18.9%) and traffic accident (13.4%). In these work-related injuries, sprains and bruises were the most common type of injury (27.2%), and the most commonly injured body site was the upper and lower back (25.3%). Data from identified 1344 firefighters showed that 1264 (94.0%) were male and 80 (6.0%) were female. Age group was the highest in the 40s with 623 cases (46.4%), and job duration was the highest with 650 cases in 5–10 years (48.4%).

Conclusion

In this study, we could obtain the preliminary data necessary to establish preventive measures, including the cause of accident and region with high accident rates. However, the number of applications for compensated injuries was very small compared to the frequency of injuries found in previous studies. The lack of appropriate treatment suggested that many firefighter injuries can become chronic. In this study, we suggest that it is necessary to introduce an injury monitoring system and improve the accessibility of compensated injuries.

Trial registration

CR318031. Registered 20 June 2018.

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Research Article

Satisfaction with life and the risk of occupational injury: Sung-Min Park, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Shin-Goo Park, Hyun-Suk Jang, Go Choi, Jong-Han Leem; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:49. Published online August 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0260-x

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Background

Occupational injuries increase burden on society as well as personal health. Low satisfaction with life may not only increases the risk of occupational injuries directly, but also influences other factors that increase the risk of occupational injury. Along with previous studies on the risk of occupational injury, we sought to explore the relationship between satisfaction with life and occupational injury.

Methods

The study participants were 6234workers health screened at a university hospital in Incheon. Information on occupational injury and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) was obtained in a self-report format. Participants were allocated to one of four SWLS groups; the dissatisfied group, the slightly dissatisfied group, the slightly satisfied group, and the satisfied group. The analysis was performed using the chi-square test primarily and by logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

In men, the un-adjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of low satisfaction with life (SWLS< 20) were 1.98(CI1.55–2.53) and 1.81(CI 1.41–2.32), respectively. When the SWLS were divided into four groups, the adjusted ORs of the slightly satisfied (20–25), slightly dissatisfied(15–19), and dissatisfied(≤14) groups were 1.21, 1.72, and 2.70, respectively. That is ORs tended to increase linearly with decreasing SWLS score (p for trend < 0.001). In women, this relation was of borderline significance at best.

When subjects were dichotomized based on SWLS scores, for males, the cured and adjusted RRs of occupational injury in the low satisfaction with life group were1.91 (95% CI: 1.50–2.42) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.30–2.13), and for females, the adjusted-RR was marginally significant (1.67; 95% CI: 0.93–2.99).

When subjects were divided into four groups by SWLS scores, adjusted RRs tended to increase linearly with decreasing SWLS score for males (slightly satisfied: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.77–1.82; slightly dissatisfied: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.08–2.52; dissatisfied: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.44–3.42; p for trend < 0.001) and for females (slightly satisfied: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.42–3.30; slightly dissatisfied: 1.56, 95% CI: 0.56–4.36; dissatisfied: 2.38, 95% CI: 0.84–6.74; p for trend = 0.040).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the risk of occupational injury was higher in workers not satisfied with life, and indicates attention to satisfaction with life may promote the health of workers.

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Association of work–life balance with occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Korean workers
Jong-min An, Jinseok Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Kibeom Kim, Ha-ram Jo
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Research Article

Relationship between occupational injuries and the provision of safety and health information: data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey: Ju-il Seo, Gab-Sik Shin, Min Gi Kim, Young-Sun Min; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:36. Published online June 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0247-7

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Background

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the provision of safety and health information (PSHI) and occupational injuries.

Methods

This study was based on data from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) (2014). The sample consisted of data from 24,527 wage workers and was divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, depending on the probability of occupational injury. The high-risk group included subjects who could cause harm to themselves or others due to errors during work. We applied chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses to examine the relationship between PSHI and occupational injuries.

Results

In the high-risk group, workers with no PSHI showed an adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 for occupational injury (95% CI 1.33–2.47). In contrast, there was no statistically significant relationship between PSHI and the incidence of occupational injury in the low-risk group.

Conclusions

To prevent occupational injuries, multi-faceted approaches that take different levels of injury risk into account are needed. Among workers with a high risk of occupational injury, more a stringent safety education program is required.

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Research Article

Estimated rate of agricultural injury: the Korean Farmers’ Occupational Disease and Injury Survey: Hyeseon Chae, Kyungdoo Min, kanwoo Youn, Jinwoo Park, Kyungran Kim, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:8-8. Published online April 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-8

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Objectives

This study estimated the rate of agricultural injury using a nationwide survey and identified factors associated with these injuries.

Methods

The first Korean Farmers’ Occupational Disease and Injury Survey (KFODIS) was conducted by the Rural Development Administration in 2009. Data from 9,630 adults were collected through a household survey about agricultural injuries suffered in 2008. We estimated the injury rates among those whose injury required an absence of more than 4 days. Logistic regression was performed to identify the relationship between the prevalence of agricultural injuries and the general characteristics of the study population.

Results

We estimated that 3.2% (±0.00) of Korean farmers suffered agricultural injuries that required an absence of more than 4 days. The injury rates among orchard farmers (5.4 ± 0.00) were higher those of all non-orchard farmers. The odds ratio (OR) for agricultural injuries was significantly lower in females (OR: 0.45, 95% CI = 0.45–0.45) compared to males. However, the odds of injury among farmers aged 50–59 (OR: 1.53, 95% CI = 1.46–1.60), 60–69 (OR: 1.45, 95% CI = 1.39–1.51), and ≥70 (OR: 1.94, 95% CI = 1.86–2.02) were significantly higher compared to those younger than 50. In addition, the total number of years farmed, average number of months per year of farming, and average hours per day of farming were significantly associated with agricultural injuries.

Conclusions

Agricultural injury rates in this study were higher than rates reported by the existing compensation insurance data. Males and older farmers were at a greater risk of agriculture injuries; therefore, the prevention and management of agricultural injuries in this population is required.

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Original Article

The Effect of Socio-Economic Factors on Occupational Injuries in Korea: A Time Series Analysis: Ye Won Bang, Hyoung June Im, Young Jun Kwon, Seong Sik Cho, Tae Kyung Lee, In Ki Yoon, Young Su Ju; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):397-406. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.397

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We performed a time series analysis in order to identify the relationship between the occupational injury rate and socio-economic factors, and through this predict the occupational injury occurrence rate.
METHODS
We reviewed 168 sets of monthly data. For the statistical analysis, we used the economic index data provided by Statics Korea and the occupational injury index provided by the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service gathered from 1994 to 2007. We performed a correlation analysis to find relationship between the occupation injury rate and economic factors. Using the correlation analysis result, we used time series analysis for the data in order to find out the association between occupational injuries and socio-economic indicators. We performed time series analysis to find out association occupation injury rate with socio-economic factors. In addition we ran a prediction occupational injury rate for 2008 and compared the result to the actual value.
RESULTS
The factors associated with occupational injuries were the daily worker index (b=0.394, p<0.0001), the mechanical index (b=-0.023, p=0.0043), the manufacturing operation index (b=0.152, p<0.0001), the workers compensation coverage expansion (b=1.189, p=0.015), the IMF index (b=-2.05, p<0.0001), and the after IMF index (b=-1.565, p=0.01). The daily worker index, manufacturing operation index, and workers compensation coverage expansion had an effect that increased the occupational injury rate. Conversely, the mechanical index and IMF variable tended to decrease the occupational injury rate.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the daily worker index, manufacturing operation index, workers compensation coverage expansion, and IMF variables are related factors in regards to occupational injury.

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Dong Koo Kim, Sunyoung Park
Safety and Health at Work.2020; 11(3): 314. CrossRef
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Eunsuk Choi, Gyeong-Suk Jeon, Won Kee Lee, Young Sun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 65. CrossRef

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Original Article

Estimated Occupational Injury Rate and work Related Factors Based on Data From the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Dal Young Jung, Hwan Cheol Kim, Jong Han Leem, Shin Goo Park, Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Gee Woong Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):149-163. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.149

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study used representative national survey data of Korean workers to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify factors associated with occupational injuries.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 using the Complex Samples Frequencies procedure of the SPSS to estimate the occupational injury rate. Complex Samples Logistic Regression was performed to calculate a nationally representative odds ratios that reflects the likelihood of specific individual attributes and job characteristics being associated with occupational injuries. We did this while controlling for relevant covariates.
RESULTS
It was estimated that 3.5% of Korean workers have suffered at least one occupational injury and 1.9% of full-time employed workers have suffered occupational injuries which required more than 4 days of absence during the year. After adjustment for confounding variables, the experience of occupational injuries was related to several job characteristics, including exposure to hazards such as: air pollutants (OR=1.40; 95%CI: 1.05~1.85), noise (OR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.01~1.70), biological hazards (OR=1.60; 95%CI: 1.13~2.28), a difficult physical environment (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.33~2.41), and difficult ergonomic work (e.g. work involving awkward posture or heavy lifting) (OR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.11~2.00).
CONCLUSIONS
Using national survey data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify predictors of work-related injuries has several advantages. Futhermore, these results suggest that a hazardous work environment is associated with occupational injury.

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Md. Shaha Nur Kabir, Mingzhang Song, Sun-Ok Chung, Yong-Joo Kim, Su-Chul Kim, Jong-Kyou Ha
Journal of Biosystems Engineering.2015; 40(1): 19. CrossRef
Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases in Special Populations: Farmers and Soldiers
Young-Jun Kwon, Soo-Jin Lee
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The Relationship between Injury and Socioeconomic Status in Reference to the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sung-Kyung Kim, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Hee-Tae Kang, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko
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Original Article

Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries in Construction Workers in Korea: Seung Won Yoo, Hye Eun Lee, Dong Hee Koh, Kyoo Sang Kim, Tae Woo Kim, Min Gi Kim, Kyeong Yeol Yu; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):9-17. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.9

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal injuries in construction workers.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,836 male construction workers in petrochemical plants in Korea. For this study, a structured self-reported questionnaire(KOSHA CODE H-30-2003) was used. Musculoskeletal symptoms were defined as symptoms that affect the operation of the musculoskeletal system, for longer than one week or a frequency of more than once per month. To evaluate the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal occupatioanl injuries, multiple logistic-regressions were used after adjusting for age, exercise, smoking status, alcohol consumption, work time, work duration, and income.
RESULTS
A total of 140 workers were involved in non-fatal injuries cases, representing 7.6% prevalence. After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicated the group with musculoskeletal symptoms(OR 1.73 95% CI:1.21~2.47) and intensity criteria of musculoskeletal symptoms as related to 'moderate' criteria(OR 1.82 95% CI:1.18~2.81) or 'severe' criteria(OR 2.57 95% CI:1.43~4.63). This identified group was more likely to experience non-fatal occupational injuries. However, a 'mild' criteria(OR 1.00 95% CI:0.51~1.99) was not associated with non-fatal occupational injuries.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated a possible association between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal injuries. Hence, strengthening of laws and regulations, effective ergonomic programs and training is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Hye-Sun Jung, Jee-Seon Yi, In-Jae Shin, Eun-Hi Choi
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Prevalence and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Pain in Korean Farmers
David Min, Sora Baek, Hee-won Park, Sang-Ah Lee, Jiyoung Moon, Jae E. Yang, Ki Sung Kim, Jee Yong Kim, Eun Kyoung Kang
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International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2014; 20(2): 141. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 28. CrossRef

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Original Article

Job Stress as a Risk Factor for Occupational Injuries Among Employees of Small and Medium-sized Companies: Dal Young Jung, Jong Uk Won, Shin Goo Park, Sei Jin Chang, Hwan Cheol Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):37-47. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.37

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the association between job stress and occupational injury among Korean employees.
METHODS
The data was obtained from a work-stress survey that was administered to employees of small and medium-sized companies in Incheon, Korea. A four-month prospective follow-up study was conducted (the baseline study was conducted from September 2006 to October 2006, and the follow-up study was done from March 2007 to April 2007). A total of 1,241 participants (774 males and 467 females) were included in the analysis. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, work related factors, job stress, and occupational injury. Job stress was measured using 24 items (7 sub-scales) of the Short Form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF). Occupational injuries were assessed by self-report during the follow-up period. We estimated the relation of job stress to occupational injury using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 199 employees (16.0%) had suffered at least one occupational injury during the previous 4-months. After adjustment for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicated that the groups with high stress as related to 'Job demand' (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.61-3.08), 'Organizational system' (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.19-2.23), 'Lack of reward' (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.03-1.95) and 'Occupational climate' (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.13-2.13) were more likely to experience occupational injury than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with occupational injury. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be started to minimize the occupational injury caused by job stress.

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The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness for Office Workers
Yoo-Mi Chae, Jeong-bae Rhie, Sook Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 389. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Work-Related Injuries of Nurses in Small and Medium Sized Hospitals
Jee In Hwang, Eun Jeong Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 306. CrossRef

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Original Article

Factors Related to Occupational Injuries and Health Problems for Some Female Workers in Non-standard Employment: Woo Jin Park, Hyoung June Im, Jong Uk Won, Sang Baek Koh, Young Su Ju, Jae Hoon Roh, Sang Yong Oh, Young Jun Kwon, Chang Kook Hwang, Jung Wook Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):301-313. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.301

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine certain factors associated with occupational injuries and health problems for some female workers in non-standard employment.
METHODS
We enrolled 754 female workers that were selected from 1,040 people who had agreed to be surveyed as part of a group or company in either the Seoul and the Kyonggi area. We performed univariate logistic regression on survey data and again performed multivariate logistic regression on those variables that were statistically significant.
RESULTS
In this study, the overall incidence of occupational injury for all workers was 12.5%. The incidence rates by position were as follows: 12.9%(insurance saleswoman), 7.4%(telemarketer), 9.2%(visiting teacher), 22%(golf caddy). The most frequent complaint was lower back pain(12.8%) in insurance saleswomen, voice symptoms(37%) in telemarketers, knee and ankle symptoms(33.8%) in golf caddies, and voice symptoms(14.4%) in visiting teachers. The factors related to occupational injuries included job type, and age. The factors related to health problems were job type, psychosocial stress, accident risk, and social support. The percentage of the cases that occurred without fringe benefits including social welfare was 30.4%, and the percentage of "paid out of the person's own pocket" of ways to arrange costs of accidents was 32.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, some female workers in non-standard employment had relatively high level of occupational injuries, accompanied by various health problems. In these occupational classes, the conditions for social insurance and social welfare were poor. It is necessary to expand the application of social insurances including industrial accident compensation insurance. Regardless of job category, psychosocial stress and social support were statistically significant for many symptoms. We believe that measurement of these factors is necessary. In the future, additional studies are required with the use of objective methods for additional job categories.

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Jiyun Kim, Sookja Choi
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Original Article

Health Related Quality of Life in Occupationally Injured Workers: Jeong Youn Kim, Eun Joo Lee, Eun Hee Ha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(2):141-151. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.2.141

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: In order to compare and find the HRQOL and it's determinants among occupationally injured workers, TA patients and general workers, we performed a crosssectional study in Masan and Changwon city, Korea.
METHODS
Cases were 169 occupationally injured workers who admitted in the hospital, and controls were 78 TA patients who admitted in the hospital and 166 general workers who worked at Ulsan industrial area. HRQOL were measured by SBQOL. We investigated confounding variables which were age, sex, marital status, employment status, family numbers, monthly income, diagnosis, treatment duration, expectation for health recovery, and expectation for return to work. We compared the HRQOL among occupationally injured workers, TA patients and general workers. We made four factors from twenty three items by factor analysis and used multiple logistic regression to find determinants on HRQOL in each group.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in HRQOL between case and control. The main determinants on HRQOL from multiple logistic regression varied in each group. In occupationally injured workers, age(OR 2.73), treatment duration(> 6 months) (OR 3.09) and expectation for return to work(OR 2.62) were main determinants for HRQOL. And age(OR 1.07), marital status(OR 7.41), family members(OR 5.73), expectation for health recovery(OR 4.23) in TA patients. However, monthly income (<1,300,000 won)(OR 1.76) were main determinants for HRQOL in general workers.
CONCLUSION
Return to work is major determinants of HRQOL for occupationally injured workers.

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