Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Case Report

Laboratory-acquired dengue virus infection by needlestick injury: a case report, South Korea, 2014: Changhwan Lee, Eun Jung Jang, Donghyok Kwon, Heun Choi, Jung Wan Park, Geun-Ryang Bae; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:16. Published online April 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0104-5

Background

Dengue fever is one of the most dominant vector-borne diseases, putting approximately 3.9 billion people at risk worldwide. While it is generally vector-borne, other routes of transmission such as needlestick injury are possible. Laboratory workers can be exposed to dengue virus transcutaneously by needlestick injury. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of dengue virus infection by needlestick injury in a laboratory environment. This paper evaluates the risk and related health concerns of laboratory workers exposed to dengue virus.

Case presentation

We evaluated a 30-year-old female laboratory worker exposed to the dengue virus by needlestick injury while conducting virus filtering. During admission, she showed symptoms of fever, nausea, myalgia, and a characteristic maculopapular rash with elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 235 IU/L and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 269 IU/L. She had been diagnosed by a positive nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen (Ag) rapid test one day prior to symptom onset along with positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the ninth day of symptom onset. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), also conducted on the ninth day, was negative. After proper symptomatic treatment, she recovered without any sequelae. As a result of thorough epidemiologic investigation, it was determined that she had tried to recap the needle during the virus filtering procedure and a subsequent needlestick injury occurred.

Conclusions

In the context of health promotion of laboratory workers, we suggest that the laboratory biosafety manual be revised and reinforced, and related prevention measures be implemented. Furthermore, health authorities and health care providers in Korea should be fully informed of proper dengue fever management.

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Original Article

Epidemiological Characteristics and Scale for Needlestick Injury in Some University Hospital Workers: Yong Hun Yun, Yun Kyung Chung, Jae Sim Jeong, Ihn Sook Jeong, Eun Suk Park, Sung Won Yoon, Hye Young Jin, Jin Hee Park, Si Hyun Han, Jeong Hwa Choi, Hye Ran Choi, Min Kyung Han, Soon Im Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):371-378. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.371

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Based on multicenter research among tertiary hospitals in Korea, it was our intention to effectively contribute to the prevention of needlestick injuries by understanding the current state of the incidence rate of needlestick injuries and the related epidemiology with respect to medical institution and worker's characteristics.
METHODS
Ten hospitals were selected, with the research performed from July to September 2007. Data on cases of needlestick injuries were collected by hospital infection-controlling centers using a specifically developed website and a partially modified self-writing questionnaire based on the Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet).
RESULTS
During the study period, a total of 327 needlestick injury cases were reported, with an incidence of 10.56 cases per 100 patient beds per year. The existence of source of infection could not be confirmed in one third of the needlestick injuries. There were 4.07 incidences per 100 employees per year. The job with the highest incidence was medical doctor interns (18.66 cases), followed by clinical laboratory workers (7.12 cases) and registered nurses (6.66 cases).
CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in number of incidences according to the number of beds. The highest number of cases occurred in the registered nurse-group, but the incidence rate per healthcare worker was the highest in the medical doctor intern-group. Therefore, it is important to conduct research to identify the risk of the incidence with respect to different risk-groups. As a result of this research, it is suggest that a protective policy is required relating to needlestick injuries, regardless of the number of beds and potential cause of infection.

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Original Article

Estimation of Demand and Supply for Occupational and Environmental Medicine Specialties in Korea (II): Demand Estimation and Demand-Supply Balance: Yoomi Chae, Jungwon Kim, Jonghan Leem; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):80-88. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.80

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the demand and demand-supply balances of occupational and environmental medical specialties (OEMS) in the target year of 2020.
METHODS
We adopted a new OEMS demand model based on the situations of periodic workers' health examination (PHE) agencies, health management agencies (HMA), and legal enforcement for health and safety systems in Korea. The model uses data selected primarily from the database of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (KSOEM), a survey for certified members of KSOEM, statistics and internal documents from the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL).
RESULTS
From the data and assumptions, newly demanded OEMS were 193 for workers who had received PHE, and 205 based on total workers for PHE in 2020 for PHE. But no OEMS for HMA area is demanded. Comparing with the calculated numbers of supply estimates, the demand was slightly higher, but could be balanced if MOEL kept consistent and unchanging policies.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results suggest that the demand-supply balance of OEMS is mainly influenced by the policy of MOEL. Further studies are needed examining more detailed data and statistics about PHE agencies, HMA and considering MOEL policies are needed to configuring more sophisticated and need-included estimation.

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Original Article

The Need-Assessment of Employee Assistance Programs among Korean Manufacturing Industry Workers in Gyeongsang-do: Dae Seong Kim, Hyang Woo Ryu, Soo Chan Choi, Seong Kyeon Lim, Jong Min Woo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):135-144. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.135

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: Employee Assistance Programs have recently been introduced to Korea as a potential solution to relieve workers's stress and improve their mental health. This study was conducted to determine the needs of EAPs among manufacturing industry workers in Gyeongsang-do Korea.
METHODS
Responses to structured survey questionnaires were received from 556 workers at 7 mediumsized manufacturing factories.
RESULTS
Among the 556 workers who responded to the questionnaire 'Prevention & management of work stress', 'Mental health & management of daily life stress', 'Physical exercise health promotion program'. 'Elderly care', 'Outplacement', 'Financial support for leisure activities', and 'Ensuring leisure time'were raised as the main issues and services that they expected to be provided by the company.
CONCLUSION
EAPs have recently been introduced in Korean companies. The study results will be helpful to clarify the needs of individual Korean workers and to determine what EAP services should be provided.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Needlestick Injury among Nurses at a University Hospital: Hwan Cheol Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Yeui Cheol Lee, Joo Youn Shin, Jee Na Lee, Jong Han Leem, Shin Goo Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):216-224. Published online September 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.216

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and needlestick injury the nurses at a University hospital in Incheon, Korea.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 256 (53.8%) were regarded as being reliable data for analyses. We estimated the relation of job stress to needlestick injury using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
One hundred sixty-five nurses (64.5%) had suffered at least one needlestick injury (included sharp injuries) during the previous year. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the high job control group was less likely than the other group to experience needlestick injury (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.27-0.97). Job demand and social support, however, were unrelated to needlestick injury. The high job strain group was more likely to experience needlestick injury (OR=2.57, CI=1.13-5.83) than the low job strain group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that nurses who were in the low job control or high job strain status were more likely to suffer a high rate of needlestick injury.

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Original Article

The occupational hazards of interns & residents during training: Hye Ran Song, Jin Ha Kim, Joo Hyun Byeon, Kaung Young Lee, Duck Hi Lee, Ho Chan Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(3):213-223. Published online September 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.3.213

Abstract PDF

OBJECTS: Residents are exposed to various hazards and harassed by sleep deficiency due to overwork. This study was performed to outline the health condition of residents and develop the ways of improving it.
METHODS
A questionnaire was distributed to 881 army doctors who enrolled at the Korea Third Military Academy and The Armed Force Health Service School in 2000 with the exception of medical doctors who joined the armed service without going through intern and resident periods , dental and oriental medical doctors. 784 (89.0%) of the 881 questionnaires were returned of which 704 cases (79.9%). This should actually be 89.0% were regarded for analyses as being reliable data.
RESULTS
More than 20% of residents were exposed to radiation, laser, disinfectants, anesthetic gas, and anticancer drugs during their training periods with preventive measures for each of these hazards taken in about 10% of the cases of the lesser hazards but in about 35% for the hazards from radiation and laser. 91.1% of residents had experience of needlestick injuries during their training periods with over 36.3% being exposed to patients with infection during that time. The cases contracting HBV and HCV diseases due to pricking are 2.3 and 0.6% respectively. The average number of night duties per month during a one-year resident's period was about 19. The average sleeping time on duty during a one-year residents was less than 4 hours .28.4% of respondents were not satisfied with their occupation, 96.5% felt tired from overwork and 69.5% wanted to change their occupation to another that would pay the same salary.
CONCLUSION
Residents are exposed to harmful physical , chemical and biological factors, but the preventive care seldom undertaken. In addition, their overwork brings about lack of sleep which causes them problems when giving medical treatment to patients during their training periods. Despite the resident's interest in an occupation as a doctor, many intend to select other occupations if they can receive the same salary. According to the above results, preventative systems and measures should be prepared with environmental improvements for residents, and proper rewards for their overwork should be accomplished.

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Mental Health of Healthcare Workers who Experience Needlestick and Sharps Injuries
Jang‐Wook Sohn, Byoung‐Gwon Kim, Soo‐Hyun Kim, Changsu Han
Journal of Occupational Health.2006; 48(6): 474. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Needle Stick Injuries of Interns and Residents Working in Hospitals in a City: Shin Goo Park, Jong Young Lee, Jung Hup Song, Jay Young Woo, Tae Sung Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):69-77. Published online March 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.69

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted in order to assess the experience of needle stick injury among interns and residents working in hospitals during the previous 4 months.
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey of 695 interns and residents working in two university hospitals and one general hospital in Tague city. Four hundred and forty three of those questioned(63.7 %) fully responded.
RESULTS
Two hundred of the respondents(45.1 %) suffered at least one injury. Respondents suffered an average of 1.8 injuries. 96.5 % of interns, 40.6 % of surgical residents and 34.4 % of non-surgical residents suffered at least one injury. According to multiple logistic regression, Intern status and an increased amount of working time is associated with high risk of needle stick injury.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that interns and residents suffer a high rate of needle stick injury.

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Original Article

Need Assessment for Stage of Behavior Change in Workplace Health Promotion Strategy: Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Hyun Sook Hong, Joung Min Lee, Won Chul Lee, Chung Yill Park, O'Donnell, M , Kwang Ho Meung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):492-504. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.492

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
In order to evaluate the stage of behavior change for health promotion strategy in workplace METHODS: Questionnaire survey was carried out for 309 workers who employed in H Electronics company in Kyongin area from September to October 1998.
RESULTS
According to need assessment of four step such as precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, action stage, maintenance stage which were to change of behavior for health promotion, the percent for quitting smoking were observed 48.8%, 43.1%, 8.1%. 0 %, and for the restriction of drinking were 29.8%, 10.6%, 9.3%, 5.3%; for fitness 11.1%, 31.0%, 37.3%, 20.6% in male 26.6%, 27.8%, 26.6%, 19.0% in female, for regular diet 26.1%, 19.8%, 38.7%, 15.3% in male, 27.8%, 22.2%, 40.0%, 10.0 % in female and for stress management 5.8%, 10.6%, 8.7%, 75.0% in male, 13.6%. 22.7%, 19.7%, 44.0% in female. In heavy smoker (p=0.017) and heavy drinker, (p=0.021) the percent of precontemplation stage was significantly higher than in lower drinker and light smoker.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that company support for health promotion in workplace was weak and workers of high risk group for smoking and drinking were in precontemplation stage. So before conducting the health promotion program, health risk appraisal and need assessment for stage of behavior change should be taken for the efficient heath promotion strategy.

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Original Article

A Survey for Worker's Satisfaction and Need of Occupational Health Service (OHS) in a Shipbuilding Industry: Eun Hee Ha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):61-70. Published online February 28, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.61

Abstract PDF: In order to make an effective occupational health service program in a shipbuilding industry, I surveyed the workers' recognition of current occupational health service provided in health department of the workplace, their satisfaction with it and their need of future service. During 4 months in 1995(from April 1st to July 31th) , structured questionnaires were administered to 680 participants in health education program in a shipbuilding industry in Inchon. Most of them were men. They were young workers of 20-29 years old and their work tenures were short(5 years or less). They knew that main activity of current OHS was treatment of disease in workplace, but their satisfaction with current OHS was not good. Their satisfaction with management of general diseases was high in the case of acute disease, namely, URI, diarrhea, abdominal pain, however their need of future service in general diseases was high in the case of chronic disease, namely, hepatitis, back pain and so on. Their concern of work related disease, their recognition of and satisfaction with preplacement medical examination was high, and they need more medical care of occupational disease. In working environmental management service, recognition of and satisfaction with the activities related to the personal protectives, safety management were high, and they need highly communication of environmental evaluation and improvement of working environment. The opinions of workers strongly showed the need of improvement in specific health examination and evaluation of work environment. Conclusively the workers were not satisfied with current in plant occupational health service. They wanted better services, especially in the medical care of occupational disease and the management of work environment.

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Original Article

Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Threshold (WPT) and Arthropornetric Parameters: Jong Young Lee, Ji Yeon Son, Soon Woo Park, Eung Chun Lee, Doohie Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):342-347. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.342

Abstract PDF: To assess the relationship of pinprick sensory threshold with height and weight, Ninety seven healthy young (age 19 to 28) males were tested on their anatomical snuff box of both Hands. Their WPT was measured by device holding and moving weighted needle sensory threshold apparatus. Mean of the WPT was 0.43(+/-0.24) g in left and, 0.53( 0.30) g in right hand. Difference of WPT between the right and left hand appeared statistically significant (p<0.01) . Correlation coefficient of WPT with height was 0.26461 (p<0.01) in left and, 0.31856 (p<0.01) in right hand. Weight was statistically significantly correlated with WPT in left hand (r=0.24932, p<0.01) The study shows that the left-right difference and influence of height in pinprick sense may exist in normal healthy male adults.

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