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16 "Musculoskeletal symptom"
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Original Article
Occupational Risk Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Public Workers
Sei Kyun Noh, Ju Hwan Choi, Dong Hoon Shin, Mi Young Lee, In Sung Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):410-419.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.410
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the occupational risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in public workers.
METHODS
In November 2010, 544 participants anwered a survey that included questions on the participants' general characteristics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, and psychosocial stress. We measured the relationship of risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms using a logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
After adjusting for general characteristics, factors associated with occupational musculoskeletal symptoms were gender (OR=2.858, 95% CI=1.701~4.801), unnatural posture (OR=2.386, 95% CI=1.308~4.354), psychosocial stress (OR=4.051, 95% CI=1.336~12.282) and sleep quality (OR=1.672, 95% CI=1.052~2.660).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that psychosocial stress levels and physical environment (especially in professions requiring an unnatural posture) are related to musculoskeletal symptoms in public workers.

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Original Article
Association between Job-related Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in University Hospital Healthcare Workers
Yoonbum Choi, Soo Jin Lee, Jae Chul Song, Kyu Jung Bae, Hwanjin Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):217-228.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.217
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital healthcare workers and to evaluate the job-related factors that affect musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHODS
A questionnaire was administered to health care workers who work at the university hospital. The self-reported questionnaire included the following information: general characteristics, health behaviors, job-related factors, depression symptom, ergonomic factor, job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Ergonomic factor was measured by ANSI Z-365, depression symptom by CES-D, job stress by KOSS-26 and musculoskeletal symptoms by NIOSH questionnaire.
RESULTS
A total of 1,198(64.2%) of 1,842 respondents answered and 1,183 were included in the final study population. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 53.3%. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of males and females was 25.6% and 63.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, total job stress score(OR=3.05, 95% CI=1.62~5.74), depression symptom(OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.07~4.43), ANSI Z-365 high risk group(OR=5.33, 95% CI=2.08~13.66) in males and total job stress score(OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.53~3.00), three-shift work(OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.26~2.60), nurses(OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.22~2.73), and ANSI Z-365 high risk group(OR=3.33, 95% CI=1.58~7.03) in females were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Shift work, nurses, ANSI Z-365 high risk group, depression symptom and job stress were related with musculoskeletal symptoms. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic improvements and stress reduction are required.

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  • Relationships between job stress, post-traumatic stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters and the role of job burnout and depression mediators: a bayesian network model
    Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saleh Al Sulaie, Saeid Yazdanirad, Robin Marc Orr, Fereydoon Laal
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of resistance exercise on stress, lower extremity edema, and body composition in intensive care unit nurses
    Ki Yong Kim, Won Jong Kim
    Medicine.2022; 101(52): e32358.     CrossRef
  • Study of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain and Health-related Quality of Life among Hospital Workers
    Giwon Kim, Chun Sun Lee, Kyunghee Lee
    The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2019; 31(5): 304.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms in Hemodialysis Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals
    Seung Mi Jang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(5): 478.     CrossRef
  • Related Factors of Musculoskelectal Symptoms in University Hospital Workers
    Kyoung-A Han
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(3): 1928.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital nurses
    Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences in Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Diseases among the Korean Workers
    RahIl Hwang, Kyung Ha Kim, Min Hyun Suk, Sung Won Jung
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Relationship of Physical and Psychosocial Risk Factors to Work-related Musculoskeletal Upper Extremity Symptoms amongst Male Automobile Manufacturing Workers
Ki Hyun Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Sung Soo Oh, Sung Hoon Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):72-85.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.72
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted using male automobile manufacturing workers in order to examine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. A total of 1,793 male workers were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding general characteristics, health related behaviors, work-related characteristics, job stress, ergonomic risk factors, and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (neck, shoulder, arm, and hand). Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. In order to measure the physical risk factors, the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z-365 Quick checklist was incorporated into the questionnaire. Job stressors were measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed that examined the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The result showed that the physical and psychosocial risk factors were associated with musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. The workers with high physical risk factors reported more musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62). The workers with high job stress were more likely to have an increased risk of musculoskeletal upper extremity symptom compared to those with normal job stress (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 2.03~3.47). A significant relationship between the combined effects of physical and psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms was also found. The workers exposed to high physical risk factors, high job stress, and long working hours were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors, normal job stress and moderate working hours(OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that some physical and psychosocial risk factors increase the risk of work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers. In order to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders amongst automobile manufacturing workers, it is strongly recommended to manage the physical psychosocial risks occurring in the workplace.

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    Soo Jeong, Byoung-Hee Lee
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Upper Extremity Disorders among University Teaching Staff in Ethiopia, 2021: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen, Mekuriaw Alemayehu, Giziew Abere, Redha Taiar
    Pain Research and Management.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of an Active Tailored Exercise Program on Pain and Oswestry Disability Index in Automobile Manufacturing Workers with Musculoskeletal Symptoms of the Low Back
    Won-Ho Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(3): 109.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Muscle Strength and Posture among Automobile Parts Manufacturing Workers and the Necessity of the Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention Program
    Il-Ho Kwon, Won-Seob Shin
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(4): 173.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training
    Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(4): 523.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries in Construction Workers in Korea
Seung Won Yoo, Hye Eun Lee, Dong Hee Koh, Kyoo Sang Kim, Tae Woo Kim, Min Gi Kim, Kyeong Yeol Yu
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):9-17.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal injuries in construction workers.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,836 male construction workers in petrochemical plants in Korea. For this study, a structured self-reported questionnaire(KOSHA CODE H-30-2003) was used. Musculoskeletal symptoms were defined as symptoms that affect the operation of the musculoskeletal system, for longer than one week or a frequency of more than once per month. To evaluate the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal occupatioanl injuries, multiple logistic-regressions were used after adjusting for age, exercise, smoking status, alcohol consumption, work time, work duration, and income.
RESULTS
A total of 140 workers were involved in non-fatal injuries cases, representing 7.6% prevalence. After adjusting for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicated the group with musculoskeletal symptoms(OR 1.73 95% CI:1.21~2.47) and intensity criteria of musculoskeletal symptoms as related to 'moderate' criteria(OR 1.82 95% CI:1.18~2.81) or 'severe' criteria(OR 2.57 95% CI:1.43~4.63). This identified group was more likely to experience non-fatal occupational injuries. However, a 'mild' criteria(OR 1.00 95% CI:0.51~1.99) was not associated with non-fatal occupational injuries.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated a possible association between musculoskeletal symptoms and non-fatal injuries. Hence, strengthening of laws and regulations, effective ergonomic programs and training is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.

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  • Analysis of Cost Benefit Related to Appointing a Health Care Manager in the Construction Industry
    Hye-Sun Jung, Jee-Seon Yi, In-Jae Shin, Eun-Hi Choi
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(2): 130.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Pain in Korean Farmers
    David Min, Sora Baek, Hee-won Park, Sang-Ah Lee, Jiyoung Moon, Jae E. Yang, Ki Sung Kim, Jee Yong Kim, Eun Kyoung Kang
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2016; 40(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Cancer incidence and mortality among temporary maintenance workers in a refinery/petrochemical complex in Korea
    Dong-Hee Koh, Eun-Kyo Chung, Jae-Kil Jang, Hye-Eun Lee, Hyang-Woo Ryu, Kye-Mook Yoo, Eun-A Kim, Kyoo-Sang Kim
    International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2014; 20(2): 141.     CrossRef
  • Study on the Musculoskeletal Subjective Symptoms Disorders and Health Promotion Behavior of Daily Plant Construction Workers in One Area
    Ja-Sook Kim, Ja-Ok Kim, Ji-Yong Seo, Hack-Sun Kim
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Original Article
Current Status of Sickness Absences and Early Leaves from Work among Workers with Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Each Body Part, and Relevant Factors
Dong Hoon Lee, Shin Goo Park, Jong Han Leem, Hwan Cheol Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jeong Hoon Kim, Seung Jun Lee, Gee Woong Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):364-370.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.364
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify current status of sickness absence and early leaves from work as a result of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHOD
From January to December in 2007, 4,975 workers were recruited into this study and surveyed over this time period; workers came from 116 small and medium sized companies in Incheon. Among the study populations, only those who met the NIOSH criteria for work-related musculoskeletal symptoms on each symptom locations were included in the final analysis. The survey used a structured self-administered questionnaire, which asked questions about musculoskeletal symptoms regarding locations, sickness absences and early leaves from work. Other information gathered from participants included sociodemographical characteristics, and work-related characteristics.
RESULTS
The rates of sickness absences and early leaves in each symptom locations were highest (14.9%) among workers with waist symptoms. Men had higher rates of sickness absences and early leaves form work than women; manufacturing workers had higher rates of sickness absences and early leaves form work than office workers. After confounding variables that had significant difference in univariate analysis on each symptom locations were adjusted, the odds ratios for sickness absence and early leaves divided by pain intensity were 4.361(neck), 4.140(shoulder), 3.151(arm/wrist), 3.085(leg/foot), and 2.731(waist), respectively; these differences were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The rates of sickness absence and early leaves in each work-related musculoskeletal symptom locations were highest among workers with waist symptoms, and the intensity of pain was identified to have a considerable effect on the rates of sickness absences and early leaves. Based on these results, we think that there are needs to be early interventions on workers with waist symptoms.

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  • A study on Related Factor and Knowledge of Back Pain in Workers Employed at Cement factory
    Gi-Yeol Kim, Jung-Lim Oh, Kyoung-Ok Hwang
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 536.     CrossRef
  • Study of the relationship between fire fighter's musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptoms and their absence from disease and accident
    Seo-Yeon Choi, Il-Gyu Park, Dong-Ho Rie
    Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2013; 15(4): 89.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Relationship between Job Stress and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Migrant Workers
Min Heui Jo, Kyoo Sang Kim, Sun Wung Lee, Tae Gyun Kim, Hyang Woo Ryu, Mi Young Lee, Yong Lim Won
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):378-387.   Published online December 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.378
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms of migrant workers. We focused on the relationship between job stress and musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHOD
A questionnaire was administered to 502 migrant workers who visited NGO migrant worker centers located in Gyung-gi province. A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered to participants in order to capture the following information: sociodemographics, health factors including past medical history, work related characteristics, job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The job stress questionnaires were used according to KOSS-26 and musculoskeletal symptoms were measured using KOSHA Code H-30-2003. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between risk factors which included job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms in survey subjects was 35.1%. Other than job stress factors, past medical history was the only factor that had a statistical relationship to musculoskeletal symptoms (P<0.01). In the domains of job stress, physical environment (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03~2.54), job demand (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.46~4.03), job insecurity (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03~2.47), occupational climate (OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.27~4.19) were most likely experience musculoskeletal symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The job stress factor appeared to correlate more with musculoskeletal symptoms than with sociodemographics or other factors. Hence, in order to prevent migrant worker's musculoskeletal symptoms, we believe that intervention in job stress (physical environment, job demand, job insecurity, occupational climate) is necessary.

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  • Experiences of Middle-aged Korean-Chinese Female Migrant Workers in Korea: With Focus on Risk Factors in Work-related Musculoskeletal Diseases
    Hyeonkyeong Lee, Duckhee Chae, Kyongeun Lee, Meenhye Lee
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  • Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314.     CrossRef
  • Application of Community-Based Participatory Research Principles
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  • Application of Community-Based Participatory Research Principles: Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Female Korean–Chinese Migrant Workers in Korea
    Hyeonkyeong Lee, Duckhee Chae, Kyongeun Lee, Meenhye Lee
    Workplace Health & Safety.2012; 60(7): 313.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms of upper extremities among dental hygienists
    So-Young Lee, Hyo-Jin Ko, Byeng-Chul Yu
    Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2012; 12(5): 897.     CrossRef
  • Related Factors to Musculoskeletal Discomfort Symptoms on Some Middle·High school Teachers
    Jae-Yoon Lee, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Youn-Hong Jeong, Hyun-Kyung Woo
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  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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  • Job stress and musculoskeletal diseases
    Dong Mug Kang, Young Ki Kim, Jong Eun Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(8): 851.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Musculo-skeletal Symptoms of Municipal Sanitation Workers and Ergonomic Evaluation on Upperlimb
Jun Pyo Myong, Hyang Ki Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Hee Jeong, Woong Nam, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):93-103.   Published online June 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.93
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate musculo-skeletal symtoms of municipal sanitation workers and to evaluate working conditions of municipal sanitation workers to search for the factors related to musculo-skeletal symptoms.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study subjects were comprised of 543 municipal sanitation workers in some divisions of Seoul and the Gyeonggi province. Musculo-skeletal analysis was done by using the modified criteria of NIOSH musuclo-skeletal symptoms, RULA and, REBA. Statistical analysis was done by using the chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
72.2% of the subjects complained musculo-skeletal symptoms (39.6% on the upperlimbs, 30.0% on the lumbar region, 27.4% on the legs). For the musculo-skeletal symptoms criteria (1~3), street cleaners complained of more musculo-skeletal symptoms than the solid waste collectors, after classifying the jobs of sanitation workers. On logistic regression analysis of the musculo-skeletal "symptoms criteria1" positive groups, age was related to the criteria positive (prevalence odds ratio=1.018, 95% CI: 0.993-1.046). The worktime was significantly related to 'criteria positive 1 and, 2' (prevalence odds ratio=2.165 (95% CI: 1.156-4.131), 2.187 times (95% CI: 1.071-4.651)). The RULA score, the subtotal A score of RULA, the REBA score and , the total A REBA score of the upperlimbs of solid waste collectors were higher than those of the street cleaners.
CONCLUSIONS
In spite of the lower ergonomic evaluation score of the street cleaner, the street cleaners complained of more musculo-skeletal symptoms than did the solid waste collectors due to more frequent repetitive motions, a longer work time (over 10 hours) etc. It is suggested that the sanitation workers need to use the proper methods to avoid musculo-skeletal disease.

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    Mansour ZIAEI, Alireza CHOOBINEH, Mohammad ABDOLI-ERAMAKI, Haleh GHAEM
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    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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    Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552.     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Sun Lee, In-Seok Lee, Hyun-Joo Kim, KyungHee Jung-Choi, Jin-Wook Bahk, Myung-Chul Jung
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(3): 427.     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Sun Lee, In-Seok Lee, Hyun-Joo Kim, KyungHee Jung-Choi, Jin-Wook Bahk, Myung-Chul Jung
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(3): 419.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Sook Choi, Shin-Young Sohn, Kwan-Hyung Yi
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 172.     CrossRef
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    Shin-bum Kim, Seung-Hun Ryu, Dong-Uk Park, Yun-Keun Lee
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2010; 36(3): 247.     CrossRef
  • Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Dairy Farmers in Gyeonggi Province, Korea
    Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(3): 205.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relationship of Burdened Work and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Small-to-medium-sized Enterprises.
Sin Goo Park, Hong Jae Chae, Joo Youn Shin, Dal Young Jung, Yong Kyu Kim, Tae Jin Jung, Jong Han Leem, Hawn Cheol Kim, Yeui Cheol Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):59-66.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.59
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate relationship of burdened work and musculoskeletal symptoms in small-to-medium sized enterprises.
METHOD
After a questionnaire survey was administered to 9,950 workers in 122 workplace, 7,626 workers(76.6%) were finally selected for the study analysis. Industrial hygienists visited 122 small-to-medium sized enterprises to investigate the presence of burdened works within the workplace. The selection of jobs with significant burden was based on the Ministry of Labor's recent notification in 11 types of job description associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The subjects of this study were then divided into three categories. 1) non-burdened white collar workers, 2) non-burdened blue collar workers, and 3) burdened workers (include some VDT workers). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between burdened work and musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The burdened workers reported significantly more musculoskeletal symptoms than non-burdened white collar workers and non-burdened blue collar workers(OR:1.57, 95% CI: 1.314-1.875). There was no significant difference in reports of musculoskeletal symptoms between non-burdened white and blue collar workers.
CONCLUSION
To prevent or diminish musculoskeletal disorders in small-to-medium sized enterprises, we need to better manage burdened works.

Citations

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  • Gender Differences in Factors Affecting Musculoskeletal Diseases among the Korean Workers
    RahIl Hwang, Kyung Ha Kim, Min Hyun Suk, Sung Won Jung
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Factors Regarding Work-related Musculoskeletal Disease by Company Size
    Sung Won Jung, Kyung Ha Kim, Min Hyun Suk, Rah Il Hwang
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 522.     CrossRef
  • Changes in job stress, self-efficacy, depression and health-related quality of life according to the degree of musculoskeletal symptoms for white-collar workers
    Dae-Sik Ko, Dong-Jin Lee, Tae-Sung Ko
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(6): 2935.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Ha Kim, Rah Il Hwang, Min Hyun Suk
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(2): 102.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Young Hong, Sang-Dol Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4107.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians
Duck Hee Chae, Jeong Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):173-185.   Published online September 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To identify risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians in order to provide basic information for intervention programs to prevent and manage musculoskeletal symptoms for these technicians.
METHODS
Between October 18 and 25, 2004, 286 aviation maintenance technicians answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included general characteristics, Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire for psychosocial characteristics, and work-related characteristics. The musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviation, x2-test, t-test, and logistic regression.
RESULTS
A quarter (25.8%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms in more than one body region. The prevalence of symptoms was 12.9% in the lower back, 10.2% in the shoulders, 9.4% in the legs/foots, 9% in the neck, 5.9% in the hands/wrists/fingers, and 2.7% in the arms/elbows. General characteristics were not found to influence musculoskeletal symptoms, except that workers practicing regular exercise reported fewer lower back symptoms (p=.038). Low social support (p=.001), and low supervisory support (p=.000) were significant factors for increased musculoskeletal symptoms whereas decisions latitude, psychological job demands, and co-worker support were not found to have significant associations, with the exception of low decision latitude which was significantly associated with increased legs/foots symptoms (p=.034). More than two thirds (69.6%) of the workers whose perceived physical load was very high complained of symptoms. This rate was eight times higher than for workers whose perceived load was very low (p=.000). The workers highly exposed to both physical and psychosocial risk factors were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than workers highly exposed to only one of these factors (p=.000). The odds ratios for very high-perceived physical load (OR 13.9) and low supervisory support (OR 2.9) were clearly increased.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that consideration for perceived physical load and psychosocial characteristics as important determinants is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians. To develop effective intervention programs to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, a comprehensive and systematic approach should be the basic premise. Such an intervention program should consist of ergonomic, managerial and behavioral interventions to reduce physical load and psychosocial factors.

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Original Article
Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
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Original Article
The Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Job Stress & Intensity of Labor among Shipbuilding Workers
Inah Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Jeong Soo Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Mia Son, Yongkyu Kim, Jaechul Song
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):401-412.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.401
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to reveal the multiple factors that are related to the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of shipbuilding workers, and to elucidate the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and factors such as the change of working conditions, job stress and physical workload.
METHODS
The study sample comprised 1,059 shipbuilding workers. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics, job stress, psychosocial well-being index (PWI), physical workload, change of working conditions and information concerning musculoskeletal symptoms. We estimated the relations of job stress, physical workload and intensity of labour to musculoskeletal symptoms using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in any part of the body was 89.5% by 'criteria 1'in the order of back (58.6%) and shoulder (56.3%). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, posture factor (Odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [ C I ] = 1 . 0 0~1.12), non-posture factor (OR=1.17, CI=1.05~1.31), Borg scale (OR=1.15, C I = 1 . 0 0~1.32), relative work intensity increase (OR=1.92, CI=1.08~3.41), labor flexibility increase (OR=2.04, CI=1.04~4.01), high job demand (OR=2.68, CI=1.48~4.88), and high risk stress group (OR=13.50, CI=3.15~57.97) were all found to be significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that WMSDs have multiple risk factors such as stress, physical workload and change of working conditions. High job demand, increased relative intensification of work and increased flexibility, especially such as subcontract, outsourcing and importing of contingent work, were very important factors associated with increasing WMSDs.

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Original Article
Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Protection
Jung Im Yoo, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):166-177.   Published online June 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.166
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and understand the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in nurses and radiological technologists wearing a lead apron for radiation protection.
METHOD
The study subjects were 192 nurses and radiological technologists who work at the cardiac catheterization room or angioroom in the department of radiology. A self-recording questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics, occupational characteristics, characteristics related to wearing a lead apron, and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
RESULTS
Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms by NOISH were 51.0% in the upper /lower back, 49.0% in the shoulder, and 47.9% in the leg/knee/ankle. From multiple logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the shoulder were influenced by two-piece type apron and long time wearing an apron, symptoms of upper/lower back by long time wearing an apron, sex, higher average working hours per a day and short resting time, symptoms of leg/knee/ankle by long time wearing an apron, working career at the present department (cardiac catheterization room or angioroom) and short resting time.
CONCLUSION
The complaint rates of the musculoskeletal symptoms were affected by the characteristics of wearing a lead apron for radiation protection such as wearing time and apron type. Therefore, it is suggested that the workers who are wearing an apron need the proper wearingtime and resting time, and suitable apron type and size for the body.

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    Dae-Ho Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim
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Original Article
Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors of Golf Caddies
Kyung Hwa Heo, Young Sun Han, Hye Sun Jung, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):92-102.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.92
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigated the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies.
METHODS
For 316 caddies working at 6 regular golf courses, we used the self-recording questionnaires to examine general characteristics, job stress factors, subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by NIOSH, working environments, and working contents.
RESULTS
The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms according to the musculoskeletal criteria of NIOSH were 41.8% in the leg/knee/ankle/foot, 35.8% in the shoulder, 35.8% in the upper back/lower back, 28.8% in the neck, and 28.5% in the arm/wrist/fingers. Important factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms were daily working hours during the high-demand season in all anatomical sites except the arm/wrist/fingers. Other related factors were degrees of winding and inclined in the golf courses, violent language and violence of customers, inability to regulate the velocity and work load control, heavy physical burden, instability of employment, and possibility of unemployment according to the specialty of caddies. As a results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders, back/lower back and leg/knee/ankle/foot were significantly influenced by working time over 12 hours in the high-demand season, and symptoms of the arm/wrist/fingers by low decision latitude (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies were affected by working time over 12 hours and low decision latitude against excessively high psychological job demand.

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Original Article
The Relationship between psychosocial stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Assembly Line Workers in the Automobile industry
Il Ryong Kim, Jae Young Kim, Jong Tae Park, Jae Wook Choi, Hae Joon Kim, Yong Tae Yeom
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):220-231.   Published online September 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.220
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between stress Factors and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of assembly line workers in the automobile industry.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two Factories of automobile manufacturing companies where inappropriate posture and repetitive motions were required. The total number of subjects was 636, and consisted entirely of men. The Age, length of work duration, marital status, education level, smoking status, drinking status, sleeping time and stress scores were investigated according to subgroups of general characteristics. We divided the subjects into a Reference group and a Stress risk group to compare the frequency of the variables between them. The stress scores of the Positive symptom group were compared with the Symptom free group by the t-test. To measure the stress level, the PWI(Psychosocial Well being Index) which consists of 4 Factors, totaling 45 items, was used. A standardized self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the symptoms in workers. The criteria for positive symptoms were based on Operational Definition of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the NIOSH.
RESULTS
1) The subgroups of Age, Work duration, Marital status, Education level, Smoking status, Drinking status and Sleeping time revealed no differences in frequencies in musculoskeletal symptoms. 2) Higher PWI(p<0.05), Factor 3(p<0.05) and Factor 4(p<0.01) scores were observed in younger workers compared with older workers. 3) The workers who had work durations between 11-15 years showed higher PWI(p<0.01), Factor 2(p<0.01), Factor 3(p<0.01), and Factor 4(p<0.01), compared with other work duration subgroups. 4) Singles had higher Factor 4 scores(p<0.01). 5) The sleeping time of less than 6 hours a day expressed a higher PWI(p<0.01), Factor 2(p<0.05), and Factor 3(p<0.01), Factor 4(p<0.05). 6) There was no difference in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms between the Reference group and Stress risk group. 7) The subjects who had Positive musculoskeletal symptoms showed a significant difference in Factor 2 scores compared with the Symptom free groups. 8) According to a univariate logistic regression analysis, Factor 2(OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p-value: 0.0291) expressed significant but mild effects on the musculoskeletal symptoms and a multivariate logistic regression showed a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal symptoms(OR:1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p-value: 0.0170).
CONCLUSION
Psychosocial stress scores were not higher in symptomatic subjects compared with those who had no symptoms. Sleeping longer showed a protective effect on symptoms but this was not statistically significant. There was no relationship between the stress scores and musculoskeletal symptoms in social performance and self-confidence, general well-being and vitality. Factor 2(Depression) was statistically significant though its effect was mild. Limited to this study, We could find partial relationship between psychosocial stress(Depression) and musculoskeletal symptoms. So it could therefore be suspected that ergonomic or other unknown factors may be more significant causes of musculoskeletal symptoms but we did not investigate these.

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Original Article
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Hairdresser
Soo Kyung Park, Young Jin Choi, Doeg Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Sook Sohn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):395-404.   Published online September 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.395
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers.
METHODS
Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.

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Original Article
Symptom Prevalence and Related Factors of Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Automobile Related Job Workers
Chul Soo Yoon, Se Hoon Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):439-448.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.439
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of upper limb musculoskeltal symptoms among workers in automobile related jobs.
METHODS
Two-hundred and twenty-one workers were volunteered in this 'study consisting of 112 seat installers and 109 auto mechanics. A questionnaire was administered to the workers consisting of questions on demographics, work type and duration, sleep hours, health habits, and standardized descriptions of NJOSH on musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
Complaint rates of neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms by anatomical site were as follows: shoulder, 52.0%; neck, 47.1%; wrist and hand, 39.4 elbow, 26.2% and; arm, 24.4%. Significantly higher prevalence of shoulder musculoskele tal symptom was found in middle school than high school graduate, married than unmar ned, less than 6 hours sleep than over 6 hours sleep and, seat installer than auto mechanic group. A significantly higher prevalence of arm, elbow, hand and wrist mus loskeletal symptoms was disclosed in the less than 6 hours sleep than over 6 hours sleep group and the seat installer than the auto mechanic group. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified education, sleep hours and, job type as the main affecting factors for shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms. Sleep hours and job type were the main affecting factors for wrist and hand musculoskeletal symptoms. Sleep hours were the main affecting factors for arm and elbow musculoskeletal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms was high in workers who did routine tasks at confined places like seat install-line work. It is recommended that workers performing simple and routine tasks be provided adequate sleep time since lack of sleep was the main affecting factor for most upper limb mus loskeletal symptoms in automobile factory related jobs workers.

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