Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

The relationship between chronotypes and musculoskeletal problems in male automobile manufacturing workers: Suwhan Kim, Won-Ju Park, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Yeongjae Yoo, Hyeonjun Kim, Wonyang Kang, Kyung Wook Kang, Jai-Dong Moon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e26. Published online August 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e26

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Background

Previous studies have shown that morning types are less sensitive to pain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chronotypes and musculoskeletal problems in workers with musculoskeletal burdens at work.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 119 male production workers from a large automobile manufacturing plant. All the participants worked 2 shifts and worked on the automobile assembly line. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires, including the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and musculoskeletal symptom questionnaire. Participants with an rMEQ score of 18 points or more were defined as morning-type workers (MTWs). Participants whose scores were less than 18 points were defined as neither-type workers (NTWs).

Results

The arithmetic mean age was 51.8 ± 5.3 years. MTWs and NTWs accounted for 35.3% and 64.7% of the total participants, respectively. Evening- and intermediate-type workers accounted form 6.7% and 58.0% of the participants, respectively. There was no significant difference in the health indicators when the MTW and NTW groups were compared. However, the musculoskeletal symptom questionnaire demonstrated a significant difference between the MTW and NTW groups. In the preceding year, the MTW group had significantly lower musculoskeletal pain and treatment ratios compared to the NTW group (35.7% vs. 62.3%, p = 0.005 and 14.3% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.031, respectively). After adjusting for variables, the odds ratio (OR) for musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in the NTW group than in the MTW group (OR, 3.112; 95% confidence interval, 1.285–7.535; p = 0.012).

Conclusions

In this study, the musculoskeletal pain ratio was significantly lower for MTWs when compared to NTWs. Chronotypes could play an important role in work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Further, larger-scale, follow-up studies on chronotypes are required to assist in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in future.

자동차 생산 남성 근로자에서 일주기성과 근골격계 통증과의 관련성
목적
사람의 심리적, 신체적 상태는 하루 주기에 따라 변화하며 일주기성에 따라 각 개인이 선호하는 최적의 활동시간대에 차이가 있다. 기존 연구들은 이러한 개인의 일주기성에 따라 통증에 대한 민감도의 차이를 보인다는 결과를 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 근골격계 부담작업을 수행하는 생산직 남성 근로자를 대상으로 개인의 일주기성을 파악하고 근골격계 통증과의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다.
방법
자동차 제조 공장에서 근무하는 남성 근로자 119명을 대상으로 단면 연구를 시행하였다. 모든 대상자는 2교대 형태로 조립공정에서 근무하였다. 단축형 아침형-저녁형 척도, 불면증 심각성 척도, 스트레스 척도 및 근골격계 증상 여부를 포함한 설문을 실시하였으며 혈액검사를 통해 건강지표를 확보하였다. 단축형 아침형-저녁형 척도가 18점 이상인 경우를 아침형 근로자로, 18점 미만인 경우를 비아침형 근로자로 정의하였다.
결과
아침형 근로자와 비아침형 근로자는 각각 전체 대상자의 35.3%와 64.7%를 차지했다. 아침형 근로자 군과 비아침형 근로자 군의 비교에서 체질량지수, 흡연, 음주, 운동, 고혈압, 당뇨병, 지질, 신장 기능, 코티솔, C 반응성 단백질, 평균 수면 시간, 수면 및 스트레스 점수에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 근골격계 증상 설문 중 최근 1년간 근골격계 통증 및 근골격계 치료 여부 비율에서 아침형 근로자 군과 비아침형 근로자 군 간의 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(각각 35.7%대 62.3 %, p = 0.005 및 14.3%대 32.5%, p = 0.031). 변수를 보정한 후 근골격계 통증 발생의 오즈비는 아침형 근로자 군보다 비아침형 근로자 군에서 유의하게 높았다(오즈비 3.112, 95% 신뢰구간 1.285–7.535, p = 0.012).
결론
근골격계 질환은 업무상질병의 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며 이를 예방하기위해 그 위험 요인에 대한 다각적 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 비아침형 근로자 군에서 상대적으로 높은 근골격계 통증 비율을 확인하였으며, 이는 일주기성이 업무 관련 근골격계 질환에서 의미 있는 인자일 가능성을 시사한다. 이를 토대로 근골격계 질환의 예방을 위해 개인의 일주기성에 대한 개입이나 일주기성에 맞춘 업무환경개선과 같은 새로운 접근 방법이 고려될 수 있다. 향후 근골격계 질환의 예방을 위해 근로자의 일주기성에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Citations

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Research Article

Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers: Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:1. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0281-0

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Background

Most of the school meal service workers in Korea are middle-aged individuals. They have high workload, which increases their incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal workers.

Methods

We analyzed the results of musculoskeletal disease screening of 1581 female school meal workers. The screening consisted of self-administered questionnaire, history taking by occupational physicians, and physical examination. The prevalence of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis after initial examination by occupational physicians, use of medical care for more than 7 days, and sick leave due to musculoskeletal diseases during the past year were evaluated in this study. The relative risk of four outcome indicators of musculoskeletal disorders was compared with respect to potential factors, such as age, subjective physical loading, present illness, injury experience, and type of school, using log-binomial regression.

Results

The prevalence of subjective musculoskeletal symptom was 79.6%; presumptive diagnosis, 47.6%; hospital visits over 7 days, 36.4%; and sick leave, 7.3%. The relative risk of musculoskeletal symptoms by age (≥50 years vs < 50 years) was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.09); presumptive diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease, 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06–1.30); hospital visits over 7 days, 1.26 (95% CI: 0.85–1.85); and sick leave, 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02–1.34). The relative risk of musculoskeletal symptoms due to subjective physical loading (very hard vs low) was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.33–1.58); presumptive diagnosis, 2.92 (95% CI: 2.25); hospital visits over 7 days, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.02–3.59); and sick leave, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.63–2.74).

Conclusions

Subjective physical loading was a more important factor in musculoskeletal disorders than the age of female school meal workers.

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Original Article

Application of Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) to Small and Medium sized Enterprises for Prevention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Seong Yong Yoon, Kuckhyeun Woo, Jinseok Kim, Jay Young Yu, Taesung Choi, Bong Goo Ha, Yongseok Jang, Seong Yong Jo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):249-258. Published online September 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.249

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was firstly to introduce a Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) program for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WRMSDs) in Small and Medium sized Enterprises in the Gumi Industrial Zone, and secondly to assess its effect.
METHODS
Two PAOT workshops to prevent WRMSDs were conducted with 39 volunteer participants from 10 companies selected (on a first-come, first-served basis) among 200 small- or medium-sized enterprises in Gumi. These companies had been provided with mandatory occupational health management agency services for Small and Medium sized Enterprises by an occupational medicine clinic. Each workshop consisted of 6 technical sessions and one closing ceremony. At the 1st session, the principles of each action checklist item were explained and an on-site checklist exercise was carried out. The 2nd to 5th sessions presented good example pictures on 4 subjects: material storage and handling, working environment, work organization and work-related welfare. Group discussions were carried out by the participants. In the final 6th session on the implementation of improvement, each participant was asked to present 6 action plans, 3 short-term and 3 long-term, for their own workplace improvement.
RESULTS
Overall, the participants worked out 47 real action plans, 27 short-term and 20 long-term, for improvement of their own workplaces. Three to 6 months after the workshops, through in-person visits to each company, it was confirmed that more than half of these 47 plans had been completed; 25 plans (53.2%) had been completed as planned, 8 (17.0%) were in processing, and 14 (29.8%) had not yet been put into practice.
CONCLUSIONS
The study findings confirmed that the PAOT program holds strong potential as an intervention method to prevent WRMSDs in Small and Medium sized Enterprises, although the final results have not been fully assessed yet.

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Original Article

Analysis of the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers using survival analysis: Dong Hee Koh, Hyung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Sung Kyu Kang, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):95-103. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.95

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OBJECTIVES
Occupational low back pain is a major cause of morbidity and the increases of medical and industrial costs. Efforts to control occupational low back pain have been largely unsuccessful, and further understanding of the risks including the psychological factors is needed. This retrospective study was designed to identify the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 976 male workers who were working at a Korean shipyard. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the participants' physical work factors, job stress and general characteristics. Job stress was measured using Karasek's JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Occupational low back pain was identified according to the NIOSH symptom survey criteria. Physical work factors were assessed using the Quick Exposure Check. Since the work duration can affect the relationship of physical work factors and job stress to occupational low back pain, we analyzed this association by dividing workers into two groups by work duration: 1) all workers, and 2) less than 5 years. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to elucidate the relationship of job stress with occupational low back pain in these two groups. Data were analysed with SAS 8.1.
RESULTS
In the all workers group, job demand, bending or twisting of the back, and carrying heavy materials were associated with an increased the risk of occupational low back pain. In the workers with less than 5 years work experience, people with high job demand were more likely to experience occupational low back pain than those with low job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
These RESULTS suggest that job stress as well as physical work factors can raise the risk of occupational low back pain. Especially, in the workers with less than 5 years work duration, job stress played a more crucial effect on the occurrence of occupational low back pain than physical work factors did.

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Original Article

Symptom prevalence and Primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors among manufacturing workers: Hyunjoo Kim, Woo Cheol Jeong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):116-128. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.116

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers.
METHOD
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers' past one-year experience of primary interventions.
RESULTS
1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and 'high job strain' groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(> or =40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek's job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. IAlso necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.

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