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Research Article
- The perceived effects and comfort of various body armour systems on police officers while performing occupational tasks
- B. Schram, B. Hinton, R. Orr, R. Pope, G. Norris
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:15. Published online February 28, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0228-x
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Abstract
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ePub Background The nature of police work often necessitates use of Individual Light Armour Vests (ILAVs) for officer protection. Previous research has demonstrated various biomechanical and physical performance impacts of ILAVs, however, little knowledge exists on the individual officer’s perceptions of ILAV. The aim of this study was to investigate officers’ perceptions of the impacts of three different ILAVs and normal station wear whilst performing police occupational tasks.
Methods A prospective, within subjects, repeated measures design was employed in which 11 serving police officers wore each of three different types of body armour (ILAV A, ILAV B or ILAV C) and normal station wear for a full day while performing tasks including a simulated victim drag, a patrol vehicle exit and a marksmanship shoot. Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; − 10 to + 10) were used to examine officer perceptions of each ILAV. Finally, officers were asked to indicate areas of both discomfort and comfort of each ILAV on a mannequin chart.
Results Officers perceived less effort was required for the victim drag whilst wearing ILAV B (RPE = 3.6/10) when compared to ILAV A, ILAV C and even station wear (RPE = 4.7/10, 4.0/10, 3.8/10, respectively). A positive impact on performance was perceived for ILAV B (VAS = + 0.26) when performing a patrol vehicle exit and sprint task but not for the other two ILAVs (VAS = − 3.58, − 0.55, − 0.85, respectively). Officers perceived a positive impact of ILAV B (VAS = + 2.7) and station wear (VAS = + 1.4) and a negative impact of ILAVs A and C (VAS = − 2.1, − 1.7 respectively) on marksmanship. Despite all armour types being criticized for discomfort, ILAV B received lower ratings of discomfort overall, and some positive comments regarding both comfort and performance.
Conclusions Officers perceived ILAV B to have positive effects on task performance. It was also rated more comfortable than the other two, possibly due to a longer torso design which shifted load from the shoulders to the hips and pelvis. Officer perceptions of comfort and effects on occupational performance should be considered when designing and procuring armour systems. Although ILAVs may be similar, perceived impacts may vary between officers.
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Citations
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Research Article
- A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age
- J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Richard R. Flores, Robert G. Lockie, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:16. Published online June 1, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0
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Abstract
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Background Law enforcement officers perform physically demanding tasks that generally remain constant as they age. However, there is limited population-specific research on age, gender and normative fitness values for law enforcement officers as opposed to those of the general population. The purpose of this study was to profile the current level of fitness for highway patrol officers based on age and gender and provide percentile ranking charts unique to this population.
Methods Retrospective data for six-hundred and thirty-one state troopers (♂ = 597; mean age = 39.52 ± 8.09 yrs; mean height = 180.72 ± 7.06 cm; mean weight = 93.66 ± 15.72 kg: ♀ = 34; mean age = 36.20 ± 8.45 years; mean height = 169.62 ± 6.65 cm; mean weight = 74.02 ± 14.91 kg) collected in 2014–2015 were provided for analysis. Data included demographic (age), anthropometric (height and weight), and select fitness (VJ, push-ups, sit ups, isometric leg/back strength, isometric grip strength and 20 m shuttle run test) information.
Results There were generally significant differences between genders for all anthropometric and fitness measures, most consistently in the 30–39 age groups. While there was a general decline in push-up and shuttle run performance in female officers, these results did not reach significance. For male officers, there were significant differences between the 20–29 year-old age group and the 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 year-old groups with the younger group performing better in VJ, push-ups, sit ups and number of shuttle runs than the older groups. There were no differences in isometric grip strength and leg back dynamometer measures between age groups.
Conclusion Male officers tended to be heavier, taller and perform significantly better than female officers in all measures bar sit-ups. While there appeared to be a general decline in certain physical characteristics across genders with increasing age the notable differences were between the youngest male age group (20–29 years) and all other male age groups with a potential reason being the lack of fitness requirements once typically younger cadets leave the academy. Percentile rankings for the assessed measures were found to have elements very specific to this population when compared to the general population and those provided in this paper can be used to inform future profiling and research in this population.
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Robert G. Lockie, Katherine Balfany, Jenna K. Denamur, Matthew R. Moreno
Journal of Human Kinetics.2019; 68(1): 157. CrossRef - Obesity Prevalence and Musculoskeletal Injury History in Probation Officers
JACOB A. MOTA, ZACHARY Y. KERR, GENA R. GERSTNER, HAYDEN K. GIULIANI, ERIC D. RYAN
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.2019; 51(9): 1860. CrossRef - Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits
Robert G. Lockie, Robin M. Orr, Matthew R. Moreno, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph M. Dulla
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(7): 1108. CrossRef - The Relationship between Fitness and Marksmanship in Police Officers
Hannah Muirhead, Robin Orr, Ben Schram, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes, J. Jay Dawes
Safety.2019; 5(3): 54. CrossRef - Associations between Specialist Tactical Response Police Unit Selection Success and Urban Rush, along with 2.4 km and 10 km Loaded Carriage Events
Rhiannon Thomas, Ben Schram, Shane Irving, Jeremy Robinson, Robin Orr
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(19): 3558. CrossRef - Relationships Between Absolute and Relative Strength and Power in Male Police Officers of Varying Strength Levels
J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie, Charles L. Kornhauser, Ryan J. Holmes, Robin M. Orr
Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise.2019; 1(3): 281. CrossRef - Assessing Differences in Anthropometric and Fitness Characteristics Between Police Academy Cadets and Incumbent Officers
Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Rodney Pope, Joseph Terry
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2018; 32(9): 2632. CrossRef - Analysis of the Effects of Sex and Age on Upper- and Lower-Body Power for Law Enforcement Agency Recruits Before Academy Training
Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Michael Stierli, Joseph M. Dulla, Ashley J. Orjalo
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2018; 32(7): 1968. CrossRef - Profiling the metabolic fitness of a special operations police unit
Danny Maupin, Jeremy Robinson, Thomas Wills, Shane Irving, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
Journal of Occupational Health.2018; 60(5): 356. CrossRef - Relationship of Absolute and Relative Lower-Body Strength to Predictors of Athletic Performance in Collegiate Women Soccer Players
Emily Andersen, Robert Lockie, J. Dawes
Sports.2018; 6(4): 106. CrossRef - Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits
Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Katherine Balfany, Ciara E. Gonzales, Maria M. Beitzel, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(11): 2477. CrossRef - CARDIORESPIRATORY AND NEUROMUSCULAR FITNESS OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY POLICE OFFICERS
Eduardo Frio Marins, Rodrigo Wiltgen Ferreira, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.2018; 24(6): 426. CrossRef - Grip Strength and Its Relationship to Police Recruit Task Performance and Injury Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Robin Orr, Rodney Pope, Michael Stierli, Benjamin Hinton
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(8): 941. CrossRef
- The Development of Normative Fitness Data and Analyzing the Relationships Between 20MSFT and 2.4-km Run Performance in Australian Police Recruits
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