Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Articles

Relationship between shift work and age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012): Kibeom Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Jinseok Kim, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Ha-ram Jo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e7. Published online February 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e7

Background

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness. Shift work has well-known adverse effects on health. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between shift work and AMD. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between shift work and AMD.

Methods

This study used aggregated data from the 2010–2012 cycles of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The work schedules were classified into 2 types: day work and shift work. AMD was determined using fundus photographs. The χ² test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess sex-stratified relationship between shift work and AMD.

Results

The odds ratio (OR) of AMD in male shift workers was higher (1.54 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01–2.36]) than that in male day workers after adjusting for covariates. After dividing into subgroups of the shift work pattern, the OR of AMD in male night shift workers was higher (1.75 [95% CI: 1.07–2.85]) than that in male day workers after adjusting for covariates. However, results of the female worker group were not significant.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide limited support for the hypothesis that shift work is related to AMD. Further prospective studies are needed to define the relationship between shift work and AMD.

Citations

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Assessment of metacognition and retinal optical coherence tomography findings in shift workers
Muhammed Batur, Pınar Güzel Özdemir, Rumeysa Bilmez Tan, Zeynep Şahin Taş
Chronobiology International.2024; 41(3): 393. CrossRef
A study on employee experience with shift work
Renata Skýpalová, Martin Šikýř, Roman Urban
Economics & Sociology.2022; 15(3): 143. CrossRef
Sunlight exposure and eye disorders in an economically active population: data from the KNHANES 2008-2012
Junhyeong Lee, Ui-Jin Kim, Yongho Lee, Eunseun Han, Seunghon Ham, Wanhyung Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Association of work–life balance with occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Korean workers: Jong-min An, Jinseok Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Kibeom Kim, Ha-ram Jo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e20. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e20

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Background

The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue in workers' health and safety. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WLB and occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain.

Method

The study included 27,383 workers who participated in the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were divided into good WLB and poor WLB groups based on their responses to the five question items which comprised two dimensions: work-on-life conflict (items, 1–3) and life-on-work conflict (items 4 and 5). Occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain were also assessed using the question items. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of WLB to occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain while considering socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and ergonomic and psychological risk factors.

Results

Of the 27,383 participants, 252 (0.9%) had experienced an occupational injury and 6,408 (23.4%) had musculoskeletal pain. The poor WLB group had higher injury rates for both men (1.7%) and women (0.9%) than the good WLB group (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively). Additionally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was higher for both men and women in the poor WLB group (25.2% and 28.0%, respectively) than for men and women in the good WLB group (18.7% and 23.6%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of WLB for occupational injury was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.78), and that for musculoskeletal pain was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), showing positive associations of WLB with both occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions

Poor WLB causes an increase in occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, an improvement in WLB may reduce the incidence of occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain among workers. Social and policy-related initiatives are needed to improve workers' WLB to reduce occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

Citations

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Construction and validation of a musculoskeletal disease risk prediction model for underground coal miners
Haili Zhao, Hong Dou, Xianting Yong, Wei Liu, Saiyidan Yalimaimaiti, Ying Yang, Xiaoqiao Liang, Lili Sun, Jiwen Liu, Li Ning
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the relationship between work–family conflict and sleep disturbance: a study on stratification and interaction
Jian Lee, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Juho Sim, Jongmin Lee, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Correction

Correction to: Guidelines for recognition of occupational cancers in Korea: the results of scientific review by Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2013–2016): Jaechul Song, Kuck-Hyun Woo, YangHo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:25. Published online April 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0235-y

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Editorial

Guidelines for recognition of occupational cancers in Korea: the results of scientific review by Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2013–2016): Jaechul Song, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Yang Ho Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:12. Published online February 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0223-2

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This thematic collection includes the articles to review eleven occupational cancer related risks or working conditions and to propose the guidelines of S. Korea.

Citations

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Brave spaces in nursing ethics education: Courage through pedagogy
Natalie Jean Ford, Larissa Marie Gomes, Stephen BRE Brown
Nursing Ethics.2024; 31(1): 101. CrossRef
Dynamic characteristics of threshold values and extension field selections for a vacuum-blowing cleaning system
Yuan Xi, Yan Dai, Xilong Zhang, Gaohong He
Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering.2021; 45(4): 635. CrossRef
Correction to: Guidelines for recognition of occupational cancers in Korea: the results of scientific review by Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (2013–2016)
Jaechul Song, Kuck-Hyun Woo, YangHo Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational cancer claims in Korea from 2010 to 2016
Kyungjoon Lee, Sujin Lee, Jeehee Min, Inah Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Articles

Psychological effects of a disastrous hydrogen fluoride spillage on the local community: Seung-Hyun Yoo, Seong-Yong Yoon, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Cho, Sung-Soo Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Won-Ho Yang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:40. Published online September 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0196-6

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Background

On September 27, 2012, at 3:43 pm, a hydrogen fluoride spill occurred in a manufacturing plant located at the 4th complex of the Gumi National Industrial Complex in Gumi City, South Korea. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychological effects of the hydrogen fluoride spill on the members of the community and to investigate their relationships with physical symptoms and changes in psychological effects occurring as time passed after the accident.

Methods

The 1st phase involved a survey of 1359 individuals that was conducted 1 month after the spill, and the 2nd phase involved a survey of 711 individuals that was conducted 7 months after the accident. The questionnaires included items for assessing demographic characteristics, hydrogen fluoride exposure level, physical symptoms, and psychological status. Physical symptoms were assessed to determine the persistence of irritations. Psychological status was assessed to investigate the impact of event level using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), and the anxiety level was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Results

As the hydrogen fluoride exposure level increased, the impact of event and anxiety levels increased significantly both 1 and 7 months after the accident (p < 0.05). The mean score of the impact of event levels decreased significantly from 33.33 ± 14.64 at 1 month after the accident to 28.68 ± 11.80 at 7 months after the accident (p < 0.05). The mean score of the anxiety levels increased significantly from 5.16 ± 6.59 at 1 month after the accident to 6.79 ± 8.41 at 7 months after the accident (p < 0.05). The risk of persistent physical symptoms at 7 months after the accident was significantly higher in females. The risk of persistent physical symptoms also increased significantly, with increasing age, hydrogen fluoride exposure, and impact of event levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The present study found that the impact of event level and anxiety level increased with increasing hydrogen fluoride exposure. Anxiety levels persisted even after time passed. The risk of persistent physical symptoms at 7 months after the accident was higher in females, and it increased with increasing age, hydrogen fluoride exposure level, and impact of event levels.

Citations

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The influence of chemical and thermal modifications of ordered mesoporous carbon on the melting processes of water confined in pores
A. Bosacka, M. Zienkiewicz-Strzalka, A. Derylo-Marczewska, M. Sliwinska-Bartkowiak, A. Sterczynska, D. Sternik, K. Rotnicki
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials.2023; 351: 112477. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Fluoride-Exposed Patients Based on Major Burn Criteria After the 2012 Gumi City Chemical Leak Disaster
Heejun Shin, Se Kwang Oh, Han You Lee, Heajin Chung, Seong Yong Yoon, Sung Yong Choi
Journal of Burn Care & Research.2022; 43(4): 834. CrossRef
Classification of Human Failure in Chemical Plants: Case Study of Various Types of Chemical Accidents in South Korea from 2010 to 2017
Seungho Jung, Seungkyoo Pak, Kwanwoo Lee, Chankyu Kang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11216. CrossRef
Chemical pneumonitis by prolonged hydrogen fluoride inhalation
Young Jin Lee, In Beom Jeong
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports.2021; 32: 101338. CrossRef
Lessons learned from reviewing a hospital’s disaster response to the hydrofluoric acid leak in Gumi city in 2012
Heejun Shin, Se Kwang Oh, Han You Lee, Heajin Chung, Seong Yong Yoon, Sung Yong Choi, Jae Hyuk Kim
BMC Emergency Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Increased risk to people around major hazardous installations and the necessity of land use planning in South Korea
Seungkyoo Pak, Chankyu Kang
Process Safety and Environmental Protection.2021; 149: 325. CrossRef
A Survey on the Public Perceptions of Disaster-Related Mental Health Service
Song-Eun Lee, Nabin Lee, Seonyoung Yoo, Dowon Park, Kyoungsun Jeon, Tae-Yeon Hwang, Jung Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2021; 60(1): 53. CrossRef
Obituary: Dr. Hyun-Sul Lim’s (1952-2018) life as an epidemiologist, occupational and environmental medicine researcher, and family physician
Sun Huh
Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018033. CrossRef

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Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Stress Management Program to Reduce Work-Related Stress in a Medium-Sized Enterprise: Shin-Ae Kim, Chunhui Suh, Mi-Hee Park, Kunhyung Kim, Chae-Kwan Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jong-Tae Lee, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Kabsoon Kang, Hyunjin Jung; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:4-4. Published online February 13, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-4

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Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive workplace stress management program consisting of participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) and individual management.

Methods

A comprehensive workplace stress management program was conducted in a medium-sized enterprise. The baseline survey was conducted in September 2011, using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) and Worker’s Stress Response Inventory (WSRI). After implementing both organizational and individual level interventions, the follow up evaluation was conducted in November 2011.

Results

Most of the workers participated in the organizational level PAOT and made Team-based improvement plans. Based on the stress survey, 24 workers were interviewed by a researcher. After the organizational and individual level interventions, there was a reduction of several adverse psychosocial factors and stress responses. In the case of blue-collar workers, psychosocial factors such as the physical environment, job demands, organizational system, lack of rewards, and occupational climate were significantly improved; in the case of white-collar workers, the occupational climate was improved.

Conclusions

In light of these results, we concluded that the comprehensive stress management program was effective in reducing work-related stress in a short-term period. A persistent long-term follow up is necessary to determine whether the observed effects are maintained over time. Both team-based improvement activities and individual interviews have to be sustainable and complementary to each other under the long-term plan.

Citations

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Production and reception of human resource management practices for health promotion
Beatriz Cintra Storti, Marina Greghi Sticca, Amalia Raquel Pérez-Nebra
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Mental Health Promotion and Intervention in Occupational Settings: Protocol for a Pilot Study of the MENTUPP Intervention
Ella Arensman, Cliodhna O’Connor, Caleb Leduc, Eve Griffin, Grace Cully, Doireann Ní Dhálaigh, Carolyn Holland, Chantal Van Audenhove, Evelien Coppens, Fotini Tsantila, Victoria Ross, Birgit Aust, Arlinda Cerga Pashoja, Johanna Cresswell-Smith, Laura Cox,
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 947. CrossRef
Work Stressors and Occupational Health of Young Employees: The Moderating Role of Work Adaptability
Houyu Zhou, Quangquang Zheng
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived job demands: a qualitative study of workplace stress in the Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs)
Masoume Zeinolabedini, Alireza Heidarnia, Ghodratollah Shakerinejad, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
BMJ Open.2022; 12(11): e061925. CrossRef
Workplace interventions to reduce depression and anxiety in small and medium-sized enterprises: A systematic review
Bridget Hogg, Joan Carles Medina, Itxaso Gardoki-Souto, Ilinca Serbanescu, Ana Moreno-Alcázar, Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja, Evelien Coppens, Mónika Ditta Tóth, Naim Fanaj, Birgit A. Greiner, Carolyn Holland, Kairi Kõlves, Margaret Maxwell, Gentiana Qirjako, Lar
Journal of Affective Disorders.2021; 290: 378. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Ergonomics Job Stress Intervention (ERGO-JSI) on the Work Ability Index and Job Stress of Workers in an Auto Parts Manufacturers
Anooshirvan Safari, Shahnaz Tabatabaei, Mahnaz Sareme
Journal of Ergonomics.2021; 9(1): 1. CrossRef
Interventions for common mental disorders in the occupational health service: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis
Iben Axén, Elisabeth Björk Brämberg, Marjan Vaez, Andreas Lundin, Gunnar Bergström
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2020; 93(7): 823. CrossRef
Occupational Safety and Health Act for the Protection of Workers' Mental Health
Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2020; 59(2): 115. CrossRef
Medical Surveillance, Continuous Health Promotion and a Participatory Intervention in a Small Company
Nicola Magnavita
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(4): 662. CrossRef
Stress Factors and Stress Management Interventions: the Heuristic of “Bottom Up” an Update From a Systematic Review
Silvia Riva, Ezekiel Chinyio
Occupational Health Science.2018; 2(2): 127. CrossRef
Work-related stress: Implications for physical and mental health
Ricard Navinés, Rocío Martín-Santos, Victòria Olivé, Manuel Valdés
Medicina Clínica (English Edition).2016; 146(8): 359. CrossRef
Estrés laboral: implicaciones para la salud física y mental
Ricard Navinés, Rocío Martín-Santos, Victòria Olivé, Manuel Valdés
Medicina Clínica.2016; 146(8): 359. CrossRef
Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
Kang Ho Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja-Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Saeng Jung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Work-related depression and associated factors in a shoe manufacturing factory in Haiphong City, Vietnam
Khue Pham Minh
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health.2014; 27(6): 950. CrossRef
Iron Deficiency Increases Blood Cadmium Levels in Adolescents Surveyed in KNHANES 2010–2011
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Biological Trace Element Research.2014; 159(1-3): 52. CrossRef

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Occupational Factors Associated with Changes in the Body Mass Index of Korean Male Manual Workers: In-Woong Song, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon, Joo-Yong Na, Jin-Hyun Yu, Seong-Yong Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:40-40. Published online December 27, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-40

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Objectives

This study was carried out to analyze and compare the occupational factors that could influence changes in body mass index (BMI) in male manual workers stratified into short-term and long-term work experience groups.

Methods

The subjects were 299 male manual workers (sampled systematically) from 27 workplaces, who had undergone travelling medical examinations at a university hospital between March 28 and May 10, 2013, and had also undergone medical examinations at the same hospital in 2012. Their general and occupational characteristics were investigated through a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The BMI at each point in time was calculated based on the anthropometric results of the medical examinations. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on outcomes of the BMI change and predictors composed of the general and occupational characteristics, with the subjects stratified into groups with 5 years or less (short-term) versus more than 5 years (long-term) of work experience at the present post.

Results

In the short-term work experience group, the BMI increases of 3-shift workers and groups reporting disagreement with feeling “insufficient job control” and “lack of reward” at work, two of the subscales of job stress, were significantly higher than those of daytime workers and high-stress groups, respectively. In the long-term work experience group, However, although the BMI increase for 3-shift workers was also significantly higher than that of daytime workers, none of the job stress factors were significantly associated with a BMI increase, whereas the social factors of education and marital status were significant, and some lifestyle factors (such as smoking and regular exercise) were also significant.

Conclusion

This study showed that, except for 3-shift work, the factors associated with BMI increase could differ depending on the length of job experience. Consequently, different strategies may be needed for workers with short-term versus long-term job experience when designing interventions for preventing their obesity.

Citations

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Férfi fizikai dolgozók testösszetételének jellemzői: középpontban az életkor
Zsolt Szakály, Zsófia Pápai, Zsuzsanna Liszkai, József Bognár, Csaba András Dézsi
Orvosi Hetilap.2023; 164(3): 96. CrossRef
Obesity trend in the United States and economic intervention options to change it: A simulation study linking ecological epidemiology and system dynamics modeling
H.-J. Chen, H. Xue, S. Liu, T.T.K. Huang, Y.C. Wang, Y. Wang
Public Health.2018; 161: 20. CrossRef
Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Health-Care Workers of Endoscopy Units in Korea
Seung-Joo Nam, Hoon Jai Chun, Jeong Seop Moon, Sung Chul Park, Young-Jae Hwang, In Kyung Yoo, Jae Min Lee, Seung Han Kim, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Chang Duck Kim
Clinical Endoscopy.2016; 49(3): 266. CrossRef
Demographic, health-related, and work-related factors associated with body mass index and body fat percentage among workers at six Connecticut manufacturing companies across different age groups: a cohort study
Jennifer L. Garza, Alicia G. Dugan, Pouran D. Faghri, Amy A. Gorin, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Anne M. Kenny, Martin G. Cherniack, Jennifer M. Cavallari
BMC Obesity.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between shift work and obesity according to body fat percentage in Korean wage workers: data from the fourth and the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2008–2011)
ManKi Son, Byeong Jin Ye, Jung-Il Kim, ShinUk Kang, Kap-Yeol Jung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Acute Symptoms in Firefighters who Participated in Collection Work after the Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill Accident: Seong-Yong Cho, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon, Joo-Yong Na, Jin-Hyun Yu, Yong-Bae Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:36-36. Published online November 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-36

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Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between clinical status and work characteristics of firefighters and other public officers who engaged on collection duties in the site of the hydrogen fluoride spill that occurred on September 27, 2012, in Gumi City, South Korea.

Methods

We investigated the clinical status, personal history, and work characteristics of the study subjects and performed physical examination and several clinical examinations, including chest radiography, echocardiography, pulmonary function test, and blood testing in 348 firefighters, police officers, volunteer firefighters, and special warfare reserved force who worked at the hydrogen fluoride spill area.

Results

The subjects who worked near the accident site more frequently experienced eye symptoms (p = 0.026), cough (p = 0.017), and headache (p = 0.003) than the subjects who worked farther from the accident site. The longer the working hours at the accident area, the more frequently the subjects experienced pulmonary (p = 0.027), sputum (p = 0.043), and vomiting symptoms (p = 0.003). The subjects who did not wear respiratory protective devices more frequently experienced dyspnea than those who wore respiratory protective devices (p = 0.013). In the pulmonary function test, the subjects who worked near the accident site had a higher decease in forced vital capacity than the subjects who worked farther from the site (p = 0.019); however, no statistical association was found between serum calcium/phosphate level, echocardiography result, chest radiographic result, and probation work characteristics.

Conclusions

The subjects who worked near the site of the hydrogen fluoride spill, worked for an extended period, or worked without wearing respiratory protective devices more frequently experienced upper/lower respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms. Further follow-up examination is needed for the workers who were exposed to hydrogen fluoride during their collection duties in the chemical plant in Gumi City.

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Lucas Steverlynck, Nele Baert, Walter Buylaert, Peter De Paepe
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Innovative Monitoring of Atmospheric Gaseous Hydrogen Fluoride
Stefano Dugheri, Alessandro Bonari, Ilenia Pompilio, Alessandro Monti, Nicola Mucci, Giulio Arcangeli
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Effect of fluoride on the cell viability, cell organelle potential, and photosynthetic capacity of freshwater and soil algae
Yooeun Chae, Dokyung Kim, Youn-Joo An
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Hyung Seon Kim, Min Kwon, Jinhwa Lee
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Acute Symptoms after a Community Hydrogen Fluoride Spill: Joo-Yong Na, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-Yong Yoon, Seong-Yong Cho, In-Ung Song, Joo-An Kim, Jin-Seok Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:17-17. Published online September 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-17

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Objectives

This study was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, and clinical signs and symptoms of patients who visited a general hospital because of the release of chemically hazardous hydrogen fluoride that occurred on September 27, 2012 in Gumi City, Korea.

Methods

The medical records at 1 general hospital 9 km from the accident site were reviewed using a standardized survey format. There were 1,890 non-hospitalized and 12 hospitalized patients exposed to hydrogen fluoride between September 27 and October 13 2012.

Results

Among the 12 hospitalized patients, 11 were discharged within 1 week and the other was hospitalized for 10 days. The chief complaints were respiratory symptoms such as hemoptysis and shortness of breath, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic symptoms, sore throat, and lip burn.

The number of non-hospitalized patients exhibited a bimodal distribution, peaking on the first and twelfth days after the accident. Their chief complaints were sore throat (24.1%), headache (19.1%), cough (13.1%), and eye irritation (9.2%); some patients were asymptomatic (6.2%). Patients who visited the hospital within 3 days (early patients) of the spill more often had shortness of breath (27.0%) and nausea (6.3%) as the chief complaints than patients who visited after 3 days (late patients) (3.5% and 2.6%, respectively). However, cough and rhinorrhea were more common in the late patients (14.0% and 3.3%, respectively) than in the early patients (5.0% and 0.0%, respectively). Patients who were closer to the accident site more often had shortness of breath and sputum as the chief complaints than patients who were farther away. The mean serum calcium concentration was 9.37 mg/dL (range: 8.4–11.0 mg/dL); none of the patients had a decreased serum calcium level. Among 48 pulmonary function test results, 4 showed decreased lung function. None of the patients had abnormal urine fluoride levels on the eighth day after exposure.

Conclusions

Patients hospitalized due to chemical hazard release of hydrogen fluoride had acute respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic health problems. Non-hospitalized patients have acute symptoms mainly related to upper respiratory irritation.

Citations

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