Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance among customer service workers: Sunguk Choi, Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e33. Published online September 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e33

Background

Job insecurity and emotional labor are poor job-related factors that are known to cause sleep disturbances in customer service workers. This study investigates the combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance.

Methods

This study used data from the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey and included 15,147 paid workers who serve customers below 65 years. We re-classified into 6 groups based on whether the degree of emotional labor increased (Rarely/Sometimes/Always) or whether job insecurity (No/Yes) was present. We performed propensity score matching for several covariates and calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep disturbance by logistic regression models using only matched subjects.

Results

Workers exposed to emotional labor and job insecurity had significantly higher risk for 3 dimensions of sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue) (OR [95% CI]: 1.44 [1.22–1.69], 1.18 [0.99–1.40], 1.52 [1.30–1.79] for emotional labor; and 2.00 [1.75–2.29], 2.20 [1.91–2.53], 1.67 [1.45–1.92] for job insecurity). Compared to those who were exposed to both emotional labor rarely and without job insecurity, when workers had both poor job factors, the OR (95% CI) for sleep disturbance for difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue were 3.05 (2.42–3.86), 2.89 (2.26–3.69), and 2.60 (2.06–3.29), respectively. The relative excess risk due to Interaction of job insecurity and emotional labor was significant only for difficulty falling asleep, but not the other 2 sleep disturbance dimensions.

Conclusions

Customer service workers suffered from severe sleep disturbances according to the existing degree of emotional labor and job insecurity. The combined effect of both could have an additive influence on serious sleep disturbance among customer service workers.

Citations

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Research Article

Association between work-related health problems and job insecurity in permanent and temporary employees: Won-Wook Lee, Jae-Bum Park, Kyoung-Bok Min, Kyung-Jong Lee, Min-Su Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:15-15. Published online September 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-15

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This research was conducted with an aim of determining the correlation between job insecurity and an employee’s work-related health problems among permanent and temporary workers.

Methods

Using the data from the First Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2006, a total of 7,071 workers, excluding employers and the self-employed, were analyzed. Work-related health problems were categorized as backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety or depression. Each problem was then analyzed for its relationship to job insecurity through logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 7,071 workers, 5,294 (74.9%) were permanent workers and 1,777 (25.1%) were temporary workers. For the permanent workers, presence of high or moderate job insecurity appeared more closely linked to backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, and depression compared to absence of job insecurity. However, for the temporary workers, only depression appeared to be associated with the presence of high job insecurity.

Conclusion

The study showed that the presence of job insecurity is correlated with work-related health problems. The deleterious effects of job insecurity appeared to be stronger in permanent than temporary workers. Additional research should investigate ways to effectively reduce job insecurity.

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Original Article

The Effect of Job Stress on Umemployment: Yun Kyung Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, So Yong Park, Jung Yeon Hong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):115-124. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.115

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the relationship between job stress and unemployment through a 2-year follow-up study in the KOSS cohort.
METHODS
We established the KOSS cohort in 2004. Among this cohort, we selected 5680 persons with complete KOSS scores and resident registration numbers. We investigated the state of unemployment using unemployment insurance data from Jan. 2005 to Oct. 2006. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between job stress and unemployment. We also adjusted for age, education, marital status, experience of medical visiting, and size of enterprise.
RESULTS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were related to unemployment for men, while only lack of reward was an unemployment risk factor for women.
CONCLUSIONS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were found to be risk factors for male unemployment. Efforts should be made to reduce these job stressors as risk factors.

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Original Article

Job Characteristics and Psychosocial Distress of Atypical Workers: Sang Baek Koh, Mia Son, Jung Ok Kong, Chul Gab Lee, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):103-113. Published online March 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.103

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude, and job insecurity) and psychosocial stress levels of typical workers in the parent firm, to those of atypical workers in subcontracted firms. In addition the risk factors for psychosocial stress of atypical workers are evaluated.
METHOD
The study design was cross-sectional, and 1,713 shipbuilding workers (681; typical workers, 1,032; atypical workers) were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial stress levels. We used the chi-square test for univariate and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
In univariate analyses, there were significant differences in smoking, hobby, insufficient sleeping, work hours per week, quitting, unemployment, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity. The job strain was significantly higher in the atypical workers than in the typical workers. The proportion of iso-strain groups was significantly greater in the atypical workers than typical workers. Using psychosocial stress as the dependent variable, multiple regression models were estimated. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, unemployment, quitting, employment type, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity were all found to be significantly associated with psychosocial stress.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that the psychosocial stress of atypical workers is related to job characteristics such as job insecurity and labor flexibility.

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