Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea: Jungwon Kim, Sangyun Seo, Yangho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:7. Published online January 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0215-2

Background

The objective of this study is to suggest revised recognition standards for occupational disease due to chromium (VI) by reflecting recent domestic and international research works and considering domestic exposure status with respect to target organs, exposure period, and cumulative exposure dose in relation to the chromium (VI)-induced occupational disease compensation.

Methods

In this study, the reports published by major international institutions such as World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2012), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2006), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2013), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2004), National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2014), and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR) (2012) were reviewed and the recent research works searched by PubMed were summarized.

Results

Considering the recent research works and the domestic situation, only lung cancer is conserved in the legislative bill in relation to chromium (VI), and the exposure period is not included in the bill. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer was excluded from the list of cancers that are compensated as the chromium (VI)- induced occupational disease, while lung cancer remains in the list. In the view of legislative unity, considering the fact that only the cancers having sufficient evidence are included in the conventional list of cancers compensated as occupational disease, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer having limited evidence were excluded from the list.

The exposure period was also removed from the legislative bill due to the insufficient evidence. Recent advices in connection with cumulative exposure dose were proposed, and other considerable points were provided with respect to individual occupational relevance.

Conclusions

It is suggested that the current recognition standard which is “Lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof (exposure for two years or longer), or nickel compounds” should be changed to “Lung cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof, and lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to nickel compounds”.

Citations

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Case Report

Nasal Septum Perforation of Welders: Choong Ryeol Lee, Cheol In Ryu, Ji Ho Lee, Jeong Hak Kang, Seong Kyu Kang, Jung Sun Yang, Yong Cheol Shin; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(3):404-411. Published online August 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.3.404

Abstract PDF

Six cases of nasal septum perforation were found among welders during periodic physical checkup in 1997. Considering the size, shape and margin, the perforations were assumed to have been occurred several years before of which the diameter were 8~15 mm. To investigate the cause of perforation, we reviewed the past history of preemployment, the results of annual working environment survey and the material safety data sheets of welding rods and steels with which they have dealt, and analyzed the concentration of several metals of welding fume and the concentration of blood and urinary chromium. In the result, we presupposed that the nasal septum perforations of welders were due to chronic exposure to low level hexavalent chromium and/or nickel, and report these cases with literatures review.

Citations

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Changes of Glycoconjugate Expression in Nasal Respiratory Mucosa of Rats Exposed to Welding Fumes
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Effects of repeated welding fumes exposure on the histological structure and mucins of nasal respiratory mucosa in rats
Gil Nam Jeong, Gi Jin Jo, Un Bock Jo, Il Je Yu
Toxicology Letters.2006; 167(1): 19. CrossRef

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