Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Public-health impact of outdoor air pollution for 2^nd air pollution management policy in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea: Jong Han Leem, Soon Tae Kim, Hwan Cheol Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:7. Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0058-z

Objectives

Air pollution contributes to mortality and morbidity. We estimated the impact of outdoor air pollution on public health in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Attributable cases of morbidity and mortality were estimated.

Methods

Epidemiology-based exposure-response functions for a 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) were used to quantify the effects of air pollution. Cases attributable to air pollution were estimated for mortality (adults ≥ 30 years), respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions (all ages), chronic bronchitis (all ages), and acute bronchitis episodes (≤18 years). Environmental exposure (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) was modeled for each 3 km × 3 km.

Results

In 2010, air pollution caused 15.9% of total mortality or approximately 15,346 attributable cases per year. Particulate air pollution also accounted for: 12,511 hospitalized cases of respiratory disease; 20,490 new cases of chronic bronchitis (adults); 278,346 episodes of acute bronchitis (children). After performing the 2^nd Seoul metropolitan air pollution management plan, the reducible death number associated with air pollution is 14,915 cases per year in 2024. We can reduce 57.9% of death associated with air pollution.

Conclusion

This assessment estimates the public-health impacts of current patterns of air pollution. Although individual health risks of air pollution are relatively small, the public-health consequences are remarkable. Particulate air pollution remains a key target for public-health action in the Seoul metropolitan area. Our results, which have also been used for economic valuation, should guide decisions on the assessment of environmental health-policy options.

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Original Article

Blood Pb, Urine Cd and Health Assessment of Residents in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines in Gyeongsangbuk-do: Jong Hak Chung, Pock Soo Kang, Chang Yoon Kim, Kyung Soo Lee, Tae Yoon Hwang, Gyu Tae Kim, Jong Seo Park, Si Young Park, Dae Seop Kim, Ou Taek Lim, Joon Sakong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):225-237. Published online September 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.225

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this health assessment is to evaluate the health risks that may result from exposure to abandoned mine tailings in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The tailings are remnants from an earlier flotation mill and mining operation that was in business from the early 1930's until 1970.
METHODS
The soil, stream water, and drinking water in and around three abandoned mine areas, Soochul, Gumjang, Darock, and three control areas located in Gyeongsangbuk-do were analyzed for level of Cd, Pb, Cu, As, and Hg. Potential chronic health effects were evaluated by interview and medical examination.
RESULTS
Some soil and stream samples exceeded the Korean standard for soil contamination in farmland and the Korean standard of water contamination in streams respectively. Blood lead (5.37 microgram/dl) and urine cadmium (2.79 microgram/g Cr) levels of the residents in the vicinity of the abandoned mine sites were significantly higher than of the residents in the control areas (blood lead, 4.34 microgram/dl; urine cadmium, 1.62 microgram/g Cr). There were no significant differences between the mining and control areas in terms of blood pressure, Hb, BUN, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, fasting blood sugar, and the prevalence of potential chronic diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the assessment suggested that the three abandoned mine sites do not pose an apparent health risk to nearby residents. Nevertheless, the elevated blood lead and urine cadmium levels in the residents of the abandoned mine site suggested that it might be an important source of heavy metals contamination. Therefore, a nationwide evaluation program is needed to assess the potential health risks of residents living in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites.

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Original Article

Effect of Shift Work on Worker's Health, Family and Social Life at a Automobile Manufacturing Plant: Hyungjoon Chun, Mi A Son, Yongchul Kim, Eunyeon Cho, Jiyong Kim, Domyung Paek; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):587-598. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.587

Abstract PDF

Effect of shift work on worker's health, family and social life was investigated at a automobile manufacturing plant in Inchon. In total, 2488 shift workers and 599 non-shift workers completed self administered questionnaire in their sleep pattern, subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalent chronic disease status, general well-being schedule, family and social life. More shift workers complained of sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, tiredness at awakening, and sleepiness in work than non-shift workers. More shift workers also complained of gastrointestinal disturbance than non-shift workers. Worker's mental health was assessed by General Well-Being Schedule(GWB) questionnaire developed for the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(HANES I). The percentage of severely distressed shift workers was significantly higher than that of non-shift workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being, vitality, and general health subscale of shift workers were lower than those of non-shift workers (p<0.05). In terms of family and social life, there was no significant difference between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done for discrete variables which showed statistically significant difference between shift and non-shift group. The variables included in analysis were sleep disturbance symptoms, gastrointestinal complaints, and distress level calculated from GWB score. Age, tenure, smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise were adjusted as confounding factors and odds ratios for above symptoms due to shift work were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for sleep disturbance symptoms ranged from 0.52 to 3.59. ORs for gastrointestinal complaints ranged from 1.19 to 1.34. OR for distress level was 1.31. We concluded that shift workers are suffered from physical and psychological ailments due to shift work and interventional methods for preventing worker's health from adverse effects of shift work are needed.

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