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Original Article
- The effect of job insecurity, employment type and monthly income on depressive symptom: analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging data
- Myeong-Hun Lim, Jong-Uk Won, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e24. Published online September 13, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e24
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
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Supplementary Material
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ePub Background In modern society, depression is serious issue that causes socioeconomic and family burden. To decrease the incidence of depression, risk factors should be identified and managed. Among many risk factors for depression, this study examined socioeconomic risk factors for depression.
Methods We utilized first (2006), second (2008), and third (2010)-wave data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Depressive symptom was measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Short Form (CES-D-10) in the survey in 2008 and 2010. Three risk factors including job security, employment type and monthly income were measured in the survey in 2006. The association between risk factors and depressive symptom was analyzed by Cox proportional-hazard model.
Results We analyzed data from 1,105 workers and hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 risk factors were significant entirely. In addition, regular worker with high income group is the most vulnerable group of poor job insecurity on depression among male workers (HR: 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.81). Finally, HRs for 7 groups who had at least 1 risk factor had higher HRs compared to groups who had no risk factors after stratifying 3 risk factors. In the analysis, significantly vulnerable groups were total 5 groups and the group who had highest HR was temporary/daily workers with poor job security (HR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.36–4.64). The results concerning women, regardless of job type, were non-significant.
Conclusions This study presented one or more risk factors among poor job security, low income, temporary/daily employment type increase hazard for depressive symptom in 2 or 4 years after the exposure. These results inform policy to screen for and protect against the risk of depression in vulnerable groups.
- 직업 안정성, 고용 형태, 월 소득이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향 : 고령화연구 패널조사 분석을 중심으로
목적
우울증은 전세계적으로 사회경제적 부담을 유발하는 심각한 문제로 받아들여지고 있으며 우울증의 위험요인으로는 유전적, 기질적, 환경적, 사회경제적 요인들이 알려져 있으나, 최근 코로나바이러스 감염증-19로 인한 월 소득의 감소, 직업 불안정성을 포함한 사회경제적 요인이 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 우울증을 스크리닝하기 위한 고위험군을 선정하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 전향적 코호트 내에서 직업 안정성, 고용 형태, 월 소득을 기준으로 8가지 그룹을 나누어 각 그룹의 우울 증상 발생 위험도를 분석하고자 한다.
방법
본 연구는 전향적 코호트 연구인 제 1, 2, 3차 고령화연구패널조사 결과를 분석하였다. 2, 3차 조사에서 적어도 한 번 이상 CES-D-10 점수가 4점 이상인 경우, 우울 증상이 발생하였다고 판단하였으며, 1차 조사에서 응답한 직업 안정성 여부, 고용 형태, 월 소득의 영향을 분석하였다. 분석에는 Cox proportional-hazard regression model이 사용되었으며, 나이, 학력, 월 근무시간, 흡연 및 음주 과거력, 직무 스트레스가 보정 변수로 사용되었다.
결과
먼저, 남성 근로자에서 직업 불안정성, 임시직/일용직 근로자, 낮은 월 소득을 위험요인으로 갖는 경우, 그렇지 않은 경우보다 우울 증상의 위험도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 두 번째로, 남성 근로자에서 월 소득, 고용 형태에 따라 4개의 그룹을 나누어 각 그룹에서 직업 불안정성의 영향을 분석하였으며, 월 소득이 높은 상용직 근로자 그룹에서만 유의한 결과를 보였다. 세 번째로, 직업 안정성, 월 소득, 고용 형태를 기준으로 8개의 그룹을 나누어 각각의 우울 증상의 위험도를 분석하였다. 남성과 여성 근로자에 대하여 각각 분석하였으며, 상용직, 높은 월 소득, 높은 직업 안정성을 가진 근로자를 기준 그룹으로 선정한 후, 위험도 분석을 진행하였다. 세 가지 위험 요소 중, 낮은 직업 안정성만을 위험 요소로 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 1.66 [1.05-2.61]), 낮은 직업 안정성과 낮은 월 소득을 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 1.76 [1.19-2.61]), 낮은 직업 안정성과 임시직/일용직 근로자를 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 2.51 [1.36-4.64]), 낮은 월 소득과 임시직/일용직 근로자를 갖는 그룹(HR [95% CI]: 1.81 [1.02-3.22]) 세 가지 위험 요소를 모두 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.57-3.27])에서 우울 증상의 위험도 증가가 유의하게 나타났다. 세 가지 분석 모두에서 여성 근로자의 경우, 유의미한 결과를 보이지 않았다.
결론
본 연구에서는 직업 불안정성, 임시직/일용직 고용 형태, 낮은 임금에 노출된 경우, 노출 후 2년과 4년 중 1회 이상 우울 증상 발생 위험도가 유의하게 증가한다는 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 우울 증상에 대한 위험요인이 많은 근로자일수록 우울 증상에 대한 위험도가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 예외적으로, 임시직/일용직 근로자의 경우, 높은 월 소득의 근로자가 낮은 근로자보다 위험도가 높았다. 마지막으로 월 소득과 고용 형태를 기준으로 그룹을 나누었을 때, 직업 안정성에 의한 위험도 증가가 가장 큰 그룹은 상용직 근로자 중 월 소득이 높은 경우였다. 위 결과를 바탕으로 1개 이상의 위험요인을 갖는 고위험군을 대상으로 우울증에 대한 스크리닝 검사를 2년 간격으로 실시하는 것과 모든 근로자를 대상으로 직업 안정성에 대한 자가 조사가 필요하다는 것을 제안하였다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Trajectories of job insecurity and the probability of poorer mental health among prime working-age Australian women and men
Jennifer Ervin, Anthony D LaMontagne, Yamna Taouk, Tania King
Social Science & Medicine.2024; 349: 116902. CrossRef - Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009–2018)
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Working hours and the onset of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms: A 10-year nationwide longitudinal study in South Korea (2012–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Psychiatry Research.2023; 326: 115344. CrossRef
- Trajectories of job insecurity and the probability of poorer mental health among prime working-age Australian women and men
- 87 View
- 1 Download
- 4 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
Original Article
- Mental health symptoms among dependent contractors in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey
- Seong-Uk Baek, Sung-Shil Lim, Sehyun Yun, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e1. Published online February 10, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e1
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background Recently, there has been a call to improve the holistic welfare of dependent contractors (DCs). Thus, our study examined the relationship between DCs and mental health symptoms and how this relationship was modified by age, sex, and income status of workers.
Methods A total of 27,980 workers from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey are included in our study. The participants who reported having depression or anxiety over the last 12 months are defined those who had mental health symptoms. We performed exact matching for age group and sex, followed by conditional logistic regression with survey weights. Finally, stratified analyses by age, sex and income level were conducted.
Results DCs were found to be at increased risk of depression/anxiety compared to other workers. The odds ratio (OR) is 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.17). In the stratified analyses, vulnerable groups were middle-aged (OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.10–2.54]), female (OR [95% CI]: 1.85 [1.20–2.84]), and low-income (OR [95% CI]: 3.18 [1.77–5.73]) workers.
Conclusions Our study's results reinforce those of other studies that show that DCs are at greater risk of experiencing mental health issues than other workers and that and this risk is greater for middle-aged, female, and low-income workers. These results suggest that appropriate policy efforts should be made to improve the psychological well-being of DCs.
- 한국의 특수형태근로종사자의 정신건강증상: 제5차 한국근로실태조사에 근거한 단면 연구
목적
최근 특수형태근로종사자의 법적 지위와 근로환경에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하고 있다. 우리의 연구 목표는 특수형태근로종사자와 정신 건강 증상 사이의 관계를 조사하며,이 관계가 근로자의 연령, 성별 및 소득수준에 따라 구분된 층화 그룹에 따라 어떻게 변화되는지를 조사하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구에는 제5차 한국 근로 환경 조사의 총 27,980명의 임금근로자가 포함되었다. 정신건강증상을 가진 근로자는 지난 12개월 이내 우울증 혹은 불안감으로 인한 건강장애를 경험했다고 대답한 근로자로 정의되었다. 참여 근로자를 연령 그룹과 성별에 따라 매칭하였으며, 설문 조사 가중치를 사용한 조건부 로지스틱 회귀를 수행하여 분석하였다. 연령, 성별, 소득수준에 따라 그룹별로 층화분석이 추가적으로 진행되었다.
결과
특수형태근로종사자로서의 지위는 정신 건강 증상의 위험 증가와 관련이 있었다 (오즈비 1.52, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.06-2.17). 층화분석에서 취약 그룹은 40대와 50대의 중년 (오즈비 1.68, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.10-2.54), 여성 (오즈비 1.85, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.20-2.84) 및 저소득층 (오즈비 3.18, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.77-5.73)에 속하는 근로자로 분석되었다.
결론
우리의 연구는 특수형태근로자로서 일하는 것이 그 자체로 불안감이나 우울감과 관련이 있다는 이전 연구 결과를 재확인하였다. 또한 중장년층, 여성, 저소득층에서 그 영향이 더 크다는 사실도 처음으로 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 특수형태근로종사자의 정신 건강을 보호하기 위한 적절한 정책적 노력이 필요함을 시사한다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1482. CrossRef - Association of precarious employment with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among female workers: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 931. CrossRef - Characteristics and Socio-Demographic Distribution of Precarious Employment Among Korean Wage Workers: A Proposition of Multidimensional Approach Using a Summative Score
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 476. CrossRef
- Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
- 422 View
- 0 Download
- 4 Web of Science
- 4 Crossref
Original Article
- The Relationship Between Job Stress and Quality of Life for Hospital Workers by Type of Employment
- Eun Sook Jeon, Kang Sook Lee, Seon Young Lee, Jae Hee Yu, A Rum Hong
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):28-37. Published online March 31, 2009
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.28
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between job stress and quality of life for hospital workers by type of employment.
METHODS
Data were obtained for 361 workers in a large hospital 172 of whom were categorized as typical workers defined by permanent employee and 189 of whom were categorized as atypical workers defined by fixed-term contraction. Job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Questionnaire RESULTS: Atypical workers had significantly higher scores for job-related stress in the domains of insufficient control, over work, job insecurity, and lack of reward in the workplace compared with typical workers, who had higher scores for stress in the domains of job demands and occupational climate. Test scores also indicated that typical workers had a significantly better quality of life than atypical workers, especially in terms of mental health, social relationships and environment.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that factors contributing to job-related stress were different between typical and atypical hospital and typical workers are likely to have a better quality of life. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Exploratory Analysis of Related Factors with Absenteeism and Presenteeism on Workers: Using the Fourth Korea Working Condition Survey
Young-Hyeon Bae
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(21): 11214. CrossRef - The association between Antonovsky's sense of coherence and job stress among dental hygienists in Korea
Hee-Jung Lim, Ae-Jung Im, Han‐A Cho, Eun‐Sil Choi
International Journal of Dental Hygiene.2020; 18(3): 307. CrossRef - Job stress and mental health among nonregular workers in Korea: What dimensions of job stress are associated with mental health?
Soo Kyung Park, Min-Kyoung Rhee, Michàlle Mor Barak
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2016; 71(2): 111. CrossRef - Difference in the Quality of Life and Related Factors according to the Employment Status
Mi-Seon Gim, Ji-Yeon Han, Chul-Woung Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(9): 6080. CrossRef - A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue Level, Job Stress and Quality of Life for Workers
Yunyoung Kim, Hye-Sun Hyun, Jong Hyang Yoo
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 372. CrossRef - Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
Hye Joo Park, Yun Young Kim, Ki Hyun Park, Si Woo Lee, Jong-Hyang Yoo
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171. CrossRef - Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment of Customized Home Health Care Nurse
Chan Gyeong Park, Ki Soo Park, Young Sil Kang
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(1): 39. CrossRef - The Effects of Employment Conditions on Smoking Status and Smoking Intensity: The Analysis of Korean Labor & Income Panel 8th–10th Wave
Youn Jung, Juhwan Oh, Soonim Huh, Ichiro Kawachi, Chris Bullen
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(2): e57109. CrossRef - The Associated Domains of Job Stress for the Depression among Local Public Officials
Hyun-Hee Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Bo-Eun Kim, In-Ae Chun, Myung-Guon Kim
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(9): 1373. CrossRef - Relationship Between Status of Physical and Mental Function and Quality of Life Among the Elderly People Admitted from Long-Term Care Insurance
Hyeong-Seon Kim, Nam-Kyou Bae, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(4): 319. CrossRef
- Exploratory Analysis of Related Factors with Absenteeism and Presenteeism on Workers: Using the Fourth Korea Working Condition Survey
- 31 View
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- 10 Crossref
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