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Original Article
- The acclimatization of Haenyeo to a cold environment and occupational characteristics evaluated by orexin and irisin levels
- Inho Lee, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Jisuk Yun, Taehwan Park, Hye-Jin Lee, Eonah Choo, Jeong-Beom Lee
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e28. Published online October 13, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e28
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
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ePub Background Haenyeo is a woman who has the job of collecting seafood in the Jeju Sea at an average temperature of 13°C–14°C. The purpose of this study was to examine the cold acclimatization and occupational characteristics of Haenyeo through biomarkers such as orexin and irisin related to heat generation in the body.
Methods Twenty-one Haenyeo and 25 people with similar age, body type, and body mass index were selected as the control group (Control G). In the cold exposure experiment, a climate chamber was set to 5°C and both feet were immersed in a 15°C water tank for 30 minutes. Tympanic temperature (Tty) and skin temperature (Tsk) were measured, and the mean body temperature (mTb) was calculated. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the examination. Orexin and irisin levels were analyzed.
Results Orexin levels were elevated after cold stimulation from 12.17 ± 4.44 to 12.95 ± 4.53 ng/mL (Haenyeo group [Haenyeo G],
p < 0.01) and 10.37 ± 3.84 to 11.25 ± 4.02 ng/mL (Control G,p < 0.001). Irisin levels were elevated after cold stimulation from 4.83 ± 2.28 to 5.36 ± 2.23 ng/mL (Haenyeo G,p < 0.001) and 3.73 ± 1.59 to 4.18 ± 2.04 ng/mL (Control G,p < 0.001). The difference between Haenyeo G and Control G values in orexin and irisin appears not only in pre-exposure but also in post-exposure (p < 0.05).Conclusions Our experimental results suggest that Haenyeo G were relatively superior in cold tolerance to Control G under cold exposure conditions. Haenyeo’s cold acclimatization is due to the basic differences in pyrogens regarding body temperature control such as orexin and irisin. This means that Haenyeo are advantageous for cold survival.
- 해녀의 혈중 오렉신 및 이리신 수치를 통한 한랭환경 적응 및 직업적 특성에 관한 연구
목적
해녀는 산소공급장치 없이 바다에서 해산물을 채취하는 직업을 가진 여성으로 2016년 유네스코 인류무형문화유산에 '제주 해녀문화'로 등재됐다. 해녀 여성들은 제주 바다에서 평균 13~14°C의 온도에서 일하며 오랜 세월 동안 추운 환경 적응과 기후 적응의 환경 생리 반응을 발달시켰다. 본 연구의 목적은 체내 발열과 관련된 오렉신, 이리신 등의 생체지표를 통해 한랭적응시 체온유지에 사용되는 해녀의 한랭적응 및 직업적 특성을 조사하고자 하였다.
방법
해녀 21명 및 해녀와 유사한 연령과 체형, 체질량지수를 가진 25명을 선정하여 실험하였다. 한랭 부하 실험에서는 기후 챔버를 5°C로 설정하고 양발을 15°C의 물탱크에 30분간 담갔다. 고막 온도(Tty)와 피부 온도(Tsk)를 측정하고 평균 체온(mTb)을 계산하였다. 실험 전후로 혈액을 채취해 오렉신과 이리신 수치를 분석하였다.
결과
한랭 부하 실험 후 오렉신 수치는 해녀군은 12.17 ± 4.44 에서 12.95 ± 4.53 ng/mL (P < 0.01)으로, 대조군은 10.37 ± 3.84에서 11.25 ± 4.02 ng/mL(P < 0.001)으로 상승하였다. 이리신 수치도 해녀군은 4.83 ± 2.28에서 5.36 ± 2.23 ng/mL(P < 0.001)으로, 대조군은 3.73 ± 1.59에서 4.18 ± 2.04 ng/mL(P < 0.001)으로 상승하였다. 또한 실험 전 오렉신 및 이리신 수치가 대조군에 비해 해녀군에서 높았으며, 실험 후 대조군과 해녀군을 비교하였을 때에도 해녀군이 대조군에 비해 오렉신 및 이리신 수치가 유의미하게 높았음을 알 수 있다. (P < 0.05)
결론
저온 노출 조건에서 직업력 50년 이상인 해녀가 대조군에 비해 추위 내성이 높음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서 해녀의 한랭적응은 오렉신 및 이리신 등 발열에 관여하는 바이오마커의 기본적 차이가 존재하기 때문이라 설명된다. 따라서 해녀는 추위 생존에 있어 유리한 지위에 있다 할 것이다.
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Original Article
- Association between Cadmium and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
- Mo Yeol Kang, Soo Hun Cho, Youn Hee Leem, Jin Hee Kim, Sang Hyuk Bae, Yun Chul Hong
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):309-316. Published online September 30, 2011
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.309
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between the blood concentration of cadmium and cognitive function in elderly Koreans.
METHODS
This research is a part of the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel Study (KEEPS). A total of 403 subjects were enrolled and analyzed from August 2008 through August 2010. Demographic information and medical histories were obtained using a questionnaire. Blood concentration of cadmium and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) were evaluated for each subject.
RESULTS
The mean age of subjects was 70.67 (SD 5.18, n=403) and 72% were female. The mean blood cadmium level was 1.22 microg/dl (SD 0.56), mean MMSE score was 25.12 out of 30 and mean FAQ score was 2.03 out of 30. Using linear regression analysis to estimate the relationship between blood cadmium concentration and MMSE and FAQ, we observed a significant association between log transformed values of blood cadmium levels and MMSE (p<0.002) or FAQ (p=0.005) scores. After adjusting for age, sex, level of education, alcohol consumption and smoking habits, the relationship between blood cadmium concentration and MMSE and FAQ scores ramained statistically significant (p=0.033 and 0.029, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that blood cadmium concentration is strongly associated with cognitive function and functional activity in the elderly. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population
Hai Duc Nguyen, Hojin Oh, Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang, Min-Sun Kim
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014
Yi Zheng, Yun Shen, Zheng Zhu, Hui Hu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(3): 943. CrossRef - The association between cadmium and lead exposure and blood pressure among workers of a smelting industry: a cross-sectional study
Hyun Chan An, Joo Hyun Sung, Jiho Lee, Chang Sun Sim, Sang Hoon Kim, Yangho Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Does cadmium exposure contribute to depressive symptoms in the elderly population?
Changwoo Han, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016; 73(4): 269. CrossRef
- Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population
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Original Article
- Relationship between an amount of Key Tasks and Job Satisfaction among Caregivers and Nurses in Elderly Care Facilities
- Hiruta, Shuichi , Shimaoka, Midori , Tatsumi, Asami , Ono, Yuichiro , Iida, Tadayuki , Hori, Fumiko
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26(1):24-24.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0024-1
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Abstract
- OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between an amount of key tasks and job satisfaction among caregivers and nurses in elderly care facilities.
METHODS
Questionnaires were mailed to the caring staff of elderly care facilities. After data collection (return rate 70%), information about work situations and health conditions were analyzed among 325 female workers, who were classified to 4 groups as follows; (1) caregivers under 40 years of age (2) caregivers of 40 years or over (3) nurses under 40 years of age (4) nurses of 40 years or over.
RESULTS
Mean ages and length of career in caring sector were 37.2 +/- 12.2 yr and 4.5 +/- 3.0 yr for caregivers and 41.6 +/- 9.2 yr and 16.8 +/- 8.9 yr for nurses, respectively. A larger amount of care services were done on average by workers being dissatisfied with their job than by the satisfied workers in each of the 4 groups. The dissatisfied caregivers under 40 years showed significantly higher frequencies (as ratios of 1.4 - 2 to 1) in several care services such as "helping with showers or baths", "helping with eating", "changing diapers", "moving caretakers from bed or chair to wheelchair or vice versa", as compared with the satisfied caregivers under 40 years. Similarly, the 40 plus dissatisfied caregivers helped caretakers sit up in bed significantly more frequently. For nurses, on the other hand, "changing diapers" was found as the only service with a significant difference in frequency between the dissatisfied and the satisfied, but that was limited in the 40 plus age group. A frequency of "changing diapers" was associated with an increase in the risk of job dissatisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that an appropriate amount of each key task in elderly care facilities should be set to prevent staff\'s dissatisfaction with their job from growing excessively.
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