Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Incidence rates of injury, musculoskeletal, skin, pulmonary and chronic diseases among construction workers by classification of occupations in South Korea: a 1,027 subject-based cohort of the Korean Construction Worker’s Cohort (KCWC): Seungho Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Dongmug Kang, Seung Chan Kim, Se-Yeong Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e26. Published online July 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e26

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in incidence rates of targeted diseases by classification of occupations among construction workers in Korea.

Methods

In a subject-based cohort of the Korean Construction Worker’s Cohort, we surveyed a total of 1,027 construction workers. As occupational exposure, the classification of occupations was developed using two axes: construction business and job type. To analyze disease incidence, we linked survey data with National Health Insurance Service data. Eleven target disease categories with high prevalence or estimated work-relatedness among construction workers were evaluated in our study. The average incidence rates were calculated as cases per 1,000 person-years (PY).

Results

Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes had the highest incidence rate of 344.08 per 1,000 PY, followed by disease of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue for 208.64 and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 197.87 in our cohort. We especially found that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was more common in construction painters, civil engineering welders, and civil engineering frame mold carpenters, asthma in construction painters, landscape, and construction water proofers, interstitial lung diseases in construction water proofers.

Conclusions

This is the first study to systematically classify complex construction occupations in order to analyze occupational diseases in Korean construction workers. There were differences in disease incidences among construction workers based on the classification of occupations. It is necessary to develop customized occupational safety and health policies for high-risk occupations for each disease in the construction industry.

한국 건설업 종사자의 손상, 근골격계 질환, 피부, 호흡기 및 만성질환의 건설 직종에 따른 발생률: 한국 건설업 종사자 코호트(KCWC) 의 1027명 대상자 기반 세부 코호트 분석
목적
본 연구의 목적은 한국 건설업 종사자에 있어 주요 질환의 건설 직종별 발생률 차이를 알아보는 것이다.
방법
한국 건설업 종사자 코호트(KCWC)의 대상자 기반 세부 코호트로 총 1,027명의 건설업 종사자가 1:1면접설문조사를 통해 입적되었다. 직업적 노출요인으로 직종은 크게 건설산업환경과 직무 두 가지 축으로 분류되었다: 직업적 노출(설문조사) 자료와 국민건강보험공단 청구 맞춤형 자료를 연계하여 질환의 평균 발생률을 분석하였다. 주요 질환은 건설업 종사자에서 유병률이 높거나 업무 관련성이 있을 것으로 추정되는 11개의 대상 질환을 평가하였다. 질환별 평균 발생률은 1,000인년당 발병 사례수(명)으로 계산하였다.
결과
손상, 중독 및 외인에 의한 특정 기타 결과가 1,000인년당 344.08명으로 가장 높은 발생률을 보였고, 그 다음으로 근골격계 및 결체조직의 질환이 1,000인년당 208.64명, 피부 및 피하조직 질환이 1,000인녕당 197.87명 순으로 높았다. 특히, 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환이 건축 도장공, 토목 용접공, 토목 형틀목공에서 타 직종에 비해 상대적으로 높은 발생률을 보였고, 천식은 건축 도장공, 조경, 건축 방수공에서, 간질성 폐질환은 건축 방수공에서 상대적으로 높은 발생률을 보였다.
결론
본 연구는 한국 건설업 종사자의 주요 직업성 질환 및 호발 질환 등을 복잡한 건설산업의 직종을 체계적으로 분류하여 분석한 최초의 연구로 연구진들은 건설업 종사자의 질환별 발생률에 있어 직종별 차이를 확인하였다. 건설 산업에서 각 질환별 고위험 직종별로 맞춤형 산업안전보건정책 개발이 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Work Performance Among Workers without Disabilities after Industrial Accidents: A Longitudinal Study
Chong Min Hong
The Open Public Health Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Occupational asthma related to indoor air pollution in a worker at an indoor air gun shooting range: a case report: Kwang Min Lee, Seungho Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Seung-eun Lee, Youngki Kim, Dongmug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e13. Published online June 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e13

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Indoor air pollution can cause and exacerbate asthma. We report a previously undescribed case of occupational asthma related to indoor air pollution in a worker at an indoor air gun shooting range and highlight the potential risk of developing occupational asthma in this environment.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old man presented with dyspnea, cough, and sputum and was diagnosed with asthma complicated by pneumonia. Objective evidence of asthma was obtained by performing a methacholine bronchial provocation test. It was suspected that the patient had occupational asthma, which began one month after changing jobs to work within the indoor air gun shooting range. The highest peak expiratory flow (PEF) diurnal variability on working days was 15%, but the highest variation was 24%, with 4 days out of 4 weeks having a variation of over 20% related to workplace exposure. Conversely, the diurnal variability on the rest days was 7%, and no day showed a variation exceeding 20%. The difference in the average PEF between working and rest days was 52 L/min. PEF deterioration during working days and improvement on rest days were noted.

Conclusions

The results obtained from the in-depth analysis of the PEF were adequate to diagnose the patient with occupational asthma. Exposure to indoor air pollution and lead and the patient’s atopy and allergic rhinitis may have contributed to the development of occupational asthma.

실내 공기총 사격장 근로자의 실내공기오염관련 직업성 천식 증례보고
a배경: 실내공기오염은 천식을 유발하고 악화시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 실내 공기총 사격장에서 일하는 근로자의 실내 공기 오염과 관련된 이전에 기술되지 않은 직업성 천식 사례를 보고하고, 이러한 환경에서 직업성 천식 발병의 잠재적 위험을 강조한다.
증례
31세 남자가 호흡곤란, 기침, 가래 증상이 나타나 내원하였고, 폐렴이 동반된 천식으로 진단되었다. 천식의 객관적인 증거는 메타콜린 기관지유발검사를 시행하여 획득하였다. 환자는 실내공기총 사격장에서 근무하기 위해 이직한지 한달만에 직업성 천식을 앓고 있는 것으로 의심되었다. 근무일의 최고호기유량(PEF) 주간 변동성은 15%였지만, 가장 높은 변동성은 24%였으며, 4주 중 4일은 작업장 노출과 관련하여 20% 이상의 변동성을 보였다. 반대로 쉬는 날의 일교차는 7%로 20%를 넘는 날은 없었다. 근무일과 휴식일 사이의 평균 최고호기유량(PEF) 차이는 52 L/min이었다. 근무일 동안 PEF 악화 및 휴식일의 개선이 주목되었다.
결론
최고호기유량(PEF)의 심층분석결과는 직업성 천식 환자를 진단하기에 적합하였다. 실내공기오염과 납 노출, 환자의 아토피와 알레르기성 비염이 직업성 천식 발병에 기여했을 가능성이 있다.

Citations

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Recent developments in occupational asthma
Claudia Blouin, Catherine Lemière
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine.2024; 30(3): 281. CrossRef
Occupational agents-mediated asthma: From the perspective of autophagy
Xiu He, Dengxiang Yao, Xiaoli Yuan, Jiaqi Ban, Yuxuan Gou, Mingdan You
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 952: 175880. CrossRef

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Special Article

Problems and suggested improvement plans for occupational health service in Korea: Dongmug Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e10. Published online May 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e10

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

The purpose of this paper was to review the problems relating to Korea’s occupational health services and suggest ways to improve them. Korea can be classified as a welfare state type of conservative corporatism partially interwoven with liberalism. While experiencing compressed economic growth, the economic sectors of developed (excess areas) and developing (deficient areas) countries are interwoven. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect conservative corporatism along with a complementary reinforcement of liberal contents and to apply a multilayered approach focusing on complementing the deficient areas. It is essential to form a national representative indicator related to occupational health, and a strategy for selection and concentration is needed. The proposed central indicator is the occupational health coverage rate (OHCR), which is the number of workers who have applied for mandatory occupational health services under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in the numerator with the total working population in the denominator. This paper proposes ways to raise the OHCR, which is currently at the level of 25%–40%, to 70%–80%, which is the level of Japan, Germany, and France. To achieve this target, it is necessary to focus on small businesses and vulnerable workers. This is an area of market failure and requires the active input of community-oriented public resources. For access to larger workplaces, the marketability of services should be strengthened and personal intervention using digital health resources should be actively attempted. Taking a national perspective, work environment improvement committees with tripartite (labor, management, and government) participation for improvement of the working environment need to be established at the center and in the regions. Through this, prevention funds linked to industrial accident compensation and prevention could be used efficiently. A national chemical substance management system must be established to monitor the health of workers and the general public.

한국의 직업보건서비스의 문제점과 개선 방안
한국의 직업보건서비스의 문제점을 살펴보고 개선 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 발간된 논문과 보고서 및 2022년의 산업보건환경 변화에 따른 대응방안 연구(정책포럼)1의 결과를 중심으로 조사하였다. 한국은 보수적조합주의를 근간으로 한 자유주의가 가미된 형태의 복지국가유형으로 분류할 수 있고, 압축적 경제성장을 경험하면서 선진국과 개발도상국의 영역이 섞여 있어 과잉과 결핍이 혼재되어 있다. 따라서 한국의 직업보건서비스의 발전을 위해서는 보수조합주의적 완성도를 높이면서 부수적으로 자유주의적 내용을 보완하여야 하며, 동일한 발전단계에 대한 단일한 접근법 보다는 결핍영역에 대한 보완을 중심으로 한 중층적 접근법이 필요하다. 직업보건관련 중심적 지표를 형성하고 이에 대한 선택과 집중전략이 필요하며, 중심지표로는 현재 25~40% 수준에 머물러 있는 직업보건 적용율을 독일, 프랑스, 일본 수준인 70~80% 수준으로 제고하는 것을 목표로 삼기를 제안한다. 이렇게 하기 위해서는 소규모 사업장과 취약한 노동자에 대해 집중하여야 하며, 이 영역은 시장실패영역으로서 지역중심의 공공자원의 적극적 투입이 필요한데, 전국 보건소 숫자인 256개 정도의 지역에 지역 직업보건 지원센터를 건립할 것을 제안한다. 중규모 이상의 사업장에 대한 접근으로는 서비스의 수요에 기반한 시장성을 강화하고 디지털헬스를 이용한 개인영역의 중재를 적극 시도하여야 한다. 전국적차원에서 사업장 작업환경개선과 중재를 위한 노사정이 참여하는 작업환경개선위원회를 중앙과 지역에 설치하고, 이를 통해 산재보상과 예방을 연계한 예방기금을 효율적으로 사용하도록 한다. 국가 차원의 화학물질 관리체계를 구축하고, 근로자와 일반국민의 건강을 모니터링할 수 있어야 한다

Citations

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Precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use in middle-aged or older workers: A Korean longitudinal study (2006–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Social Science & Medicine.2024; 357: 117170. CrossRef
Association of precarious employment with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among female workers: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 931. CrossRef
Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787. CrossRef

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Original Article

Relationship between of working hours, weekend work, and shift work and work-family conflicts among Korean manufacturers: Yohan Lee, SooYoung Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Se-Yeong Kim, Dongmug Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e20. Published online August 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e20

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

In the manufacturing industry, work-family conflict (WFC) is related to working hour characteristics. Earlier studies on the relationship between working hour characteristics and WFC in the manufacturing industry have been limited to some regions in Korea. No study has addressed the data on a national scale. Thus, this study investigated the impact of weekly working hours, weekend work, and shift work on WFC using national-scale data.

Methods

This study was based on the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey of 5,432 manufacturers. WFC consists of 5 variables; WFC1 “kept worrying about work”; WFC2 “felt too tired after work”; WFC3 “work prevented time for family”; WFC4 “difficult to concentrate on work”; WFC5 “family responsibilities prevented time for work”. As WFC refers to the inter-role conflict between the need for paid work and family work, WFC has been measured in two directions, work to family conflict (WTFC: WFC1, 2, 3) and family to work conflict (FTWC: WFC4, 5). With these WFC variables, we conducted multiple logistic analyses to study how working hours, weekend work, and shift work impact WFC.

Results

Korean manufacturers’ prolonged working hours increased all aspects of WFCs. Odds ratios (ORs) of WFCs based on working hours (reference of under 40 hours) of 41–52, 53–60, over 61 were 1.247, 1.611, 2.279 (WFC1); 1.111, 2.561, 6.442 (WFC2); 1.219, 3.495, 8.327 (WFC3); 1.076, 2.019, 2.656 (WFC4); and 1.166, 1.592, 1.946 (WFC5), respectively. Shift-work in the WFC2 model showed a significantly higher OR of 1.390. Weekend work ‘only on Saturday’ had significant ORs with WFC2 (1.323) and WFC3 (1.552).

Conclusions

An increase in working hours leads to the spending of less time attending to problems between work and family, causing both WTFC and FTWC to increase. As weekends, evenings, and nighttime are considered to be family-friendly to people, working on weekends and shift-work were highly correlated to WTFC.

한국 제조업 노동자에서 근무시간, 주말근무 및 교대근무와 일-가정 양립의 관계
목적
현대 사회에서는 야간 근무를 포함하여 다양한 업무를 수행하는 교대 근무자가 증가하고 있다. 교대 근무는 장기적으로 근로자의 건강에 악영향을 미칠 수 있지만 교대 근무와 우울증의 관계에 대한 연구 결과는 일관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 PHQ-9로 예측한 우울증에 걸릴 위험이 높은 국내 야간 및 교대 근무 근로자 수가 주간 근로자보다 많은지 여부를 확인하고자 한다.
방법
본 연구는 제 6 차 및 제 7 차 국민 건강 영양 조사 자료 중 2014, 2016년 및 2018년의 자료를 바탕으로 진행되었다. 근무 일정은 주간 근무와 야간 및 교대근무로 구분 하였다. 이 연구는 우울증에 걸릴 위험이 있는 근로자를 결정하기 위해 자가 보고 우울증 선별 검사 인 PHQ-9를 사용하였다. SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 통계 분석을 수행하였고 통계적 방법으로는 기술 통계, 카이 제곱 분석, 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용 하였다.
결과
연령, 교육 수준, 주당 근무 시간 및 수입으로 보정 후 분석하였을 때, 야간 및 교대 근무 근로자에서 우울증 위험군에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 더 높았으며(odds ratio [OR] = 1.407 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.937–2.113)), 이는 여성에서도 마찬가지로 나타났다(odds ratio [OR] = 1.564 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.176–2.081)).
결론
본 연구를 통해 야간 및 교대근무 근로자에서 PHQ-9 점수가 10점 이상인 우울증 위험군에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 현재 한국의 정신 병력과 증상의 유병률을 고려할 때 야간 근로자에게 현실적인 도움을 제공 할 수 있는 방법에 대한 추가 논의와 함께 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Citations

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Association Between Commuting Time and Subjective Well-Being in Relation to Regional Differences in Korea
Jaehyuk Jung, Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Yong Hyuk Cho, Inchul Jeong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Erratum

Erratum: Asbestos exposure and autoantibody titers: Eunsoo Lee, Youngki Kim, Se Yeong Kim, Dongmug Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e5. Published online February 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e5

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Research Articles

Asbestos exposure and autoantibody titers: Eunsoo Lee, Youngki Kim, Se Yeong Kim, Dongmug Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e32. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e32

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Background

Asbestos is a well-known hazardous substance that causes occupational and environmental diseases including asbestosis (lung fibrosis). Silica exposure which causes silicosis (another type of lung fibrosis) has long been linked to the development of autoimmune diseases; however, there are few studies on the relationship between asbestos exposure and autoimmune diseases.

Methods

A total of 54 individuals who had worked in a former asbestos textile factory underwent autoantibody-related blood tests, chest X-ray imaging, and pulmonary function tests. Based on the job exposure matrix (JEM), the estimated asbestos exposure concentrations were determined, and the presence of asbestosis was determined by chest radiography.

Results

Scleroderma (Scl-70) and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies were significantly lowered in the pleural plaque present group than in the absent group. Additionally, Scl-70, RNP, and Sjögren's syndrome type B (SS-B) antibodies were significantly lowered in the asbestosis present group. When stratifying variables with or without asbestosis, Scl-70, Smith, SS-B, and RNP antibodies decreased in female, crocidolite handling group, and higher estimated asbestos exposure level group.

Conclusions

Contrary to our expectations that autoantibody titers would be higher in groups with high asbestos exposure or in the asbestosis group, those with asbestosis showed lower titers. But as our research has some methodological limitations, the lowered titer of autoimmune antibody in our asbestos exposed subjects could not be simply interpreted as a lowered risk of autoimmune diseases. So careful interpreting should be taken when examine autoantibodies to screening or diagnose autoimmune diseases in people with asbestos exposure. In addition, it is necessary to establish relevance of asbestosis and autoantibodies through further studies of larger scale and higher confidence levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Amphibole asbestos as an environmental trigger for systemic autoimmune diseases
Jean C. Pfau, Brett McLaurin, Brenda J. Buck, Frederick W. Miller
Autoimmunity Reviews.2024; 23(7-8): 103603. CrossRef

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Distribution of working position among workers with varicose veins based on the National Health Insurance and National Employment Insurance data: Saemi Jung, Youngki Kim, Dongmug Kang, Se Yeong Kim, Inah Kim, Eun Mi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e21. Published online July 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e21

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Background

This study aimed to determine the effect of specific working postures on the development of varicose veins (VV). By using Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Employment Insurance (NEI) data, we analyzed the general characteristic and difference in proportions of VV cases according to occupational working posture.

Methods

From the NEI and NHI data, participant demographics, such as gender, age, body mass index, and number of workers in specific occupations or industries were obtained. We classified the 240 occupations into blue-collar (BC) and white-collar (WC) occupations and subdivided them into standing, sitting, and walking groups according to the dominant working posture.

Results

The number of VV patients per 100,000 individuals increased with age, with a higher number of women than men and a higher number of patients in the BC than WC groups. For the BC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest in the standing group, followed by the walking and sitting groups, but there was no significant difference between standing and walking groups in man. For the WC group, the standing group had a higher proportion of VV cases than the sitting group, but there was no significant difference between the standing and sitting group in man. In the BC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest among medical and welfare-related elementary workers, bakers and cookie makers, automobile assemblers, cleaning and guarding-related elemental workers, and nurses and dental hygienists. In the WC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest among food/lodging/tourism/entertainment/sports-related managers, environment/cleaning/protective services-related managers, finance and insurance clerks, accounting book-keeping clerks, and social welfare and counseling professionals.

Conclusions

This study was performed to determine the characteristics of VV with different working posture among Korean workers. It is expected to be the basis of further studies on occupational musculoskeletal diseases.

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Chiung-Yu Peng, Hui-Min Hsieh, Meng-Yun Li, Lih-Jiun Liaw, Chao-Ling Wang, Chih-Hong Pan, Ming-Tsang Wu
Journal of Occupational Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Ovarian cancer in a former asbestos textile factory worker: a case report: Sunwook Park, Jaechan Park, Eunsoo Lee, Huisu Eom, Mu Young Shin, Jungwon Kim, Dongmug Kang, Sanggil Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:65. Published online November 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0277-1

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Background

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defined that asbestos is a group 1 substance that causes lung cancer, mesothelioma (pleura and peritoneum), laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer in humans. Many studies on lung cancer, and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure have been conducted, but there was no case report of ovarian cancer due to asbestos exposure in Korea. We describe a case of ovarian cancer caused by asbestos exposure in a worker who worked at an asbestos textile factory for 3 years and 7 months in the late 1970s.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old woman visited the hospital because she had difficulty urinating. Ovarian cancer was suspected in radiologic examination, and exploratory laparotomy was performed. She was diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. The patient did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy and recovered. She joined the asbestos factory in March 1976 and engaged in asbestos textile twisting and spinning for 1 year, 2 years and 7 months respectively. In addition, she lived near the asbestos factory for more than 20 years. There was no other specificity or family history.

Conclusion

Considering the patient’s occupational and environmental history, it is estimated that she had been exposed to asbestos significantly, so we determined that ovarian cancer in the patient is highly correlated with the occupational exposure of asbestos and environmental exposure is a possible cause as well. Social devices are needed to prevent further exposure to asbestos. It is also necessary to recognize that ovarian cancer can occur in workers who have previously been exposed to asbestos, and the education and social compensation for those workers are needed.

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Asbestos-Related Diseases and Its Impact on Health: An Updated Review Article
Wasey Ali Yadullahi Mir, Ayusha Poudel, Anurag Adhikari, Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Yubraj Sedhai, Peter LaCamera, Andrew Moraco
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Primary Ovarian Mesothelioma: A Case Series with Electron Microscopy Examination and Review of the Literature
Luigi Vimercati, Domenica Cavone, Maria Celeste Delfino, Biagio Bruni, Luigi De Maria, Antonio Caputi, Stefania Sponselli, Roberta Rossi, Leonardo Resta, Francesco Fortarezza, Federica Pezzuto, Gabriella Serio
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Parkinson's disease in a worker exposed to insecticides at a greenhouse
Yangwoo Kim, Inah Kim, Jung-Min Sung, Jaechul Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Erratum

Erratum to: Trends in research on indoor radon exposure and lung cancer in South Korea: Dae Ryong Kang, Dongmug Kang, Kyoung-Bok Min, Changsoo Kim, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:71. Published online December 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0156-6

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Editorial

Trends in research on indoor radon exposure and lung cancer in South Korea: Dae Ryong Kang, Dongmug Kang, Kyoung-Bok Min, Changsoo Kim, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:10. Published online March 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0100-9

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Spatial modeling of radon potential mapping using deep learning algorithms
Mahdi Panahi, Peyman Yariyan, Fatemeh Rezaie, Sung Won Kim, Alireza Sharifi, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, Jongchun Lee, Jungsub Lee, Seonhong Kim, Juhee Yoo, Saro Lee
Geocarto International.2022; 37(25): 9560. CrossRef
Erratum to: Trends in research on indoor radon exposure and lung cancer in South Korea
Dae Ryong Kang, Dongmug Kang, Kyoung-Bok Min, Changsoo Kim, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Information Insufficiency and Information Seeking
Yoori Hwang, Se-Hoon Jeong
Science Communication.2016; 38(6): 679. CrossRef

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Research Article

Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers: Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Jongeun Kim, Yongsik Hwang, Byungmann Cho, Taekjong Hong, Byungmok Sung, Yonghwan Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:22. Published online September 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0073-0

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Objectives

Effects of aging and leisure time physical activity (LPA) might influence the effect of occupational physical activity (OPA) on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to determine whether OPA affects CVD after controlling the effects of LPA and other risk factors for CVD such as job stress.

Methods

Participants were 131 male Korean manual workers. Tests for heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted for five minutes in the morning at work. We defined OPA as the combined concept of relative heart rate ratio (RHR), evaluated using a heart rate monitor.

Results

Whereas high OPA was not related to any HRV items in the younger age group, high OPA was associated with an increased number of low-value cases among all HRV items in older workers. Exercise had beneficial effects only in the younger group. After controlling for exercise and other risk factors, the odds ratios of the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals (rMSSD) and high frequency band power (HF) among the older age and high OPA group compared with the younger age and low OPA group were 64.0 and 18.5, respectively. Social support and shift work were independent risk factors in HRV.

Conclusions

OPA in aging workers increases CVD risks. This study provides support for the need for protection of aging workers from physical work overload, and indicates the need for further study of optimal limits of OPA.

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Review

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification: Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:19-19. Published online July 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-19

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This article presents the process of workers’ problems with work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), the introduction of risk assessments (RA) for their prevention, and the consequences of this process in Korea. In 1997, economic crisis caused a rapid increase of massive layoffs, worker dispatch system introduction, job insecurity, and use of irregular workers resulting in work intensification. Work intensification increased WMSDs, which created massive workers’ compensation collective claims. Workers argued for the reduction of work intensity. The RAs introduced as a consequence of the workers’ struggle is unique in the world. Whereas these RAs were expected to play a pivotal role in WMSDs prevention, they dis not due to workers’ lack of engagement after the compensation struggle. In fact, changes in the compensation judgment system and criteria have resulted in lower compensation approval rates leading to lower workers’ compensation claims. The Korean experience provides insight into WMSDs causes in a globalized world. In such a the globalized world, work intensification as the result of work flexibility could be an international trend.

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Editorial

Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Dongmug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Eun-A Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Inah Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Kyoung-Bok Min, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:14-14. Published online June 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-14

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Review

Systematic Review of the Effects of Asbestos Exposure on the Risk of Cancer between Children and Adults: Dongmug Kang, Min-Seung Myung, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Eun Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:10-10. Published online July 8, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-10

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Children are considerably more susceptible to enviro006Emental hazards than adults. This study was conducted to investigate whether the first asbestos exposure in childhood increases the risk of asbestos-related cancer including mesothelioma and lung cancer. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies published up to July 2012. Six studies reported the relationship between age, including age during childhood, at the first asbestos exposure and mesothelioma. Among them, 4 indicated that people exposed to asbestos in childhood have a higher risk of mesothelioma than those exposed in adulthood. Meanwhile, the other 2 studies showed that asbestos exposure later in life increases the risk of mesothelioma. The results of the 2 studies including non-occupational early childhood exposure report conflicting results. There were 3 studies regarding the relationship between age at first asbestos exposure and lung cancer. However, none of them reported an association between age at first asbestos exposure and the risk of lung cancer. All studies have limitations including small numbers of subjects, the validity of the standardized mortality ratio, and different age categories at first asbestos exposure. There are only a few studies on the harmful effects of asbestos in children in the literature. Therefore, the effect of asbestos exposure during childhood remains unclear and requires further study.

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Original Articles

Job Stress and Self-perceived Fatigue in Korean Farmers: Ki Hyun Lee, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Jin Joo Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Kyung Suk Lee, Sook Jung Hyun, Kang Myoung Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Jung Kyu Choi, Sung Soo Oh, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):213-224. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.213

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A growing body of research has documented that job stress has a pivotal role in developing adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between farmers' job stress and health outcomes. This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue in Korean farmers.
METHODS
A total of 526 Korean farmers were asked to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the participants' general characteristics, job stress and self-perceived fatigue. Job stress was measured using a forty-eight item Farm Stressor Inventory (FSI), and the self-perceived fatigue was estimated by Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue.
RESULTS
The result showed that job stress was associated with self-perceived fatigue. For the farmers with high job stress, the risk of self-perceived fatigue was more likely to increase compared to those with low job stress. For males, labor intensity (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.91~7.89), job environment (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.22~4.93), social support (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.07~4.13), social isolation (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.15~5.60), financial problems (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.53~6.91), uncertainty (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.30~4.75) and health problems (OR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.46~13.53) were associated with self-perceived fatigue. For females, job environment (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22~4.08), social isolation (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.05-4.15), physical environment & weather condition (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33~5.12), financial problems (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.55~5.32), uncertainty (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.95~6.83) and health problems (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.57~7.27) were associated with self-perceived fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This result suggests that farmers' job stress plays a role in the development of fatigue, and job stressors related to fatigue are slightly different according to gender.

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Respiratory Symptoms, Pulmonary Function Tests, and Asbestos Related Chest Radiograph Abnormalities of Former Asbestos Textile Factory Workers: Hyunsook Bae, Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Jongeun Kim, Yunseong Kim, Kun Il Kim, Kunhyung Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):331-344. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.331

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, asbestos-related chest radiograph abnormalities and abnormal pulmonary function tests among former asbestos textile factory workers and to reveal the related factors of these abnormal findings.
METHODS
There were 119 persons former asbestos textile industry workers registered in the health management pocketbook. Of 97 retired asbestos workers living in Busan, Yangsan and Gimhae, 63(64.9%) retired asbestos workers were enrolled into this study. The researchers administered questionnaires, and performed chest radiographys, and pulmonary function tests (PFT) on participants. The survey was conducted during July, 2009.
RESULTS
Among former workers the number of lung fibrosis, pleural plaque, pleural calcification, and pleural thickening was 13(20.6%), 6(9.5%), 3(4.8%), and 1(1.6%) in chest radiography, respectively. Asbestos-related disorders and abnormal pulmonary function test groups had higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Participants with crocidolite exposure or long latency period had higher asbestos-related x-ray findings or abnormal PFT findings.
CONCLUSIONS
Former asbestos textile workers had a high rate of asbestos-related disorders. Workers with crocidolite exposure or having had a longer latency period had more asbestos-related disorders. Because gradual increase of asbestos related disorders among high asbestos exposure group is expected, sustained, and intensive management is needed for these former workers.

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Asbestos exposure and autoantibody titers
Eunsoo Lee, Youngki Kim, Se Yeong Kim, Dongmug Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Ovarian cancer in a former asbestos textile factory worker: a case report
Sunwook Park, Jaechan Park, Eunsoo Lee, Huisu Eom, Mu Young Shin, Jungwon Kim, Dongmug Kang, Sanggil Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Environmental health centers for asbestos and their health impact surveys and activities
Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Effects of the Structural Unemployment on Health-related Behavior and Health: Daegyun Hong, Jungwon Kim, Dongmug Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):346-353. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.346

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine the effects of unemployment on health-related behavioral changes and worker's health, and to produce the basic data that is needed to formulate the necessary measures for reducing the health hazards and social costs caused by unemployment.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted with a group of 123 people who had lost their jobs due to structural unemployment (the unemployment group) and with a group of 155 employed people (the employment group). The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a tool for evaluating the demographic characteristics, the health-related behaviors and the health level.
RESULTS
Irregular mealtimes and increased smoking and drinking rates were observed in the unemployment group (P<0.05). The results of the logistic regression analysis that was conducted after correcting for the confounding variable showed that in the unemployment group, unlike in the employment group, the odds ratio of the group with a low health level score on the SF-36 has a significant difference in "Role limitation resulting from physical problems" (OR 2.20, 95% CI=1.01~4.78), "Role limitation resulting from emotional problems" (OR 4.51, 95% CI=1.90~10.69) and "Mental health" (OR 3.43, 95% CI=1.52~7.74) among the eight lower areas.
CONCLUSIONS
Unemployment causes a negative change in health-related behaviors and lower levels of mental and physical health. Systematic research must be conducted to promote good health among unemployed workers and to reduce their social costs.

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Material hardship and self-rated health among low-income households in South Korea
Jaeseung Kim, RaeHyuck Lee, Joyce Shim
Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development.2018; 28(4): 279. CrossRef
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Hye-Sun Jung, Insun Jang
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Chronic and Acute Effects of Work-related Factors on Heart Rate Variability: Minjeong Son, Youngki Kim, Sangbum Ye, Jihyun Kim, Dongmug Kang, Jangseong Ham, Yonghwan Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(4):314-325. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.4.314

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the serious risk factors for heart diseases. We evaluated the acute and chronic effects of work-related factors on HRV.
METHODS
The five-minute HRV of 85 male workers from an automobile assembly factory were measured at 9 A.M. (before-work) and at 5 P.M. (after-work). The workplace noise, temperature and physical workload levels were measured as work-related factors. We postulated that the HRV measured at beforework represents the chronic effects and the HRV measured at after-work represents the acute effects of work-related factors. We used generalized linear regression analysis with adjusting for the general characteristics and/or the morning HRV.
RESULTS
The subjects exposed to noise or a hot environment showed increased HRV in the afternoon and decreased HRV in the morning. Machine oil and interpersonal conflict decreased the HRV in the morning, but other chemicals did not show any effect on the HRV. A physical workload decreased the HRV in both the morning and afternoon.
CONCLUSION
The physical and chemical environment, psychosocial stress and a physical workload may affect the autonomic nerve system.

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Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Heart rate variability of students in hospital clinical practice by MBTI character types
Jun-Ho Jung
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(12): 6373. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Chronic Renal Failure and Renal Cancer in a Worker Exposed to Lead: Somin Park, Jongeun Kim, Jungwon Kim, Daegyun Hong, Sangbum Ye, Dongmug Kang, Euna Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):272-281. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.272

Abstract PDF: INTRODUCTION: Studies evaluating rats and mice have provided convincing evidence that renal adenoma and carcinoma are induced by oral doses of lead acetate and lead subacetate, as well as by parenteral doses of lead phosphate. In addition, at least 2 cases of kidney cancer associated with heavy exposure to lead have been reported. However, there is still not enough information to confirm or rule out an association between kidney cancer and exposure to lead.
CASE
REPORT: In this study, we describe a case of kidney cancer in 54-year-old male worker that was exposed to lead-stearate while employed in the polyvinyl chloride processing industry for 17 years. The patient presented with gout and hypertension. Further examination revealed proteinuria, glucose in the urine and elevated blood urea nitrogen/creatinine levels. Renal ultrasonography, renal computed tomography and renal biopsy revealed chronic renal failure and renal cell cancer.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that the gout and chronic renal failure in this case was caused by chronic lead exposure. However, further study is required to determine if the renal cancer was induced by lead exposure.

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Original Articles

The Relationship between Work Ability and Job Stress Factors in Manufacturing Industries: Sangbum Ye, Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Minjeong Son, Jongeun Kim, Somin Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):260-271. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.260

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the association between work ability and job stress factors in three manufacturing industries.
METHODS
The data were gathered from 705 workers of 3 manufacturing industries, from August 2007 to January 2008. A structured, self-reported questionnaire was used to access the demographic, socioeconomic and work related characteristics. Work ability and job stress factors were determined using two questionnaires: the work ability index (WAI) of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), respectively.
RESULTS
According to the logistic regression analysis results, WAI was related to job stress factors after adjustment for age, shift work, employment type and exercise. Of the eight subscales, job demand, interpersonal conflict, lack of reward, occupational climate and total score were significantly associated with WAI. In the analysis of each factory, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity and lack of reward were significantly associated with WAI in factory II, and organizational system, lack of reward and total score in factory III, but there was no significant association in factory I.
CONCLUSIONS
Job stress factors were significantly associated with WAI in two of the three manufacturing industries. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to reduce the job stress and improve the work ability.

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Factors that determine the Work Ability Index of street cleaners
Jung Won Kim, Seonhee Yang, Insung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2019; 36(3): 219. CrossRef

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Dose-Response Relationships between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Neck Symptom and Physical Risk Factors (2 year follow-up study): Jingon Sul, Dongmug Kang, Suill Lee, Youngki Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):145-155. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.145

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the association of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and occupational risk factors, and to identify the dose-response relationships between work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and physical condition.
METHODS
Workers from four metal industry companies were enrolled in the study. General characteristics, psyhcosocial and physical risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were investigated by questionnaire in the baseline study. At the follow-up study 2 years later, the neck symptom was surveyed. Workers who did not complain neck symptom at baseline and complain at follow-up, and workers who did complain neck symptom at baseline and follow-up were defined as case. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of physical risk factors were estimated for these subjects. Additionally, subjects who did not change their work at follow-up were analysed.
RESULTS
Among the cohort of 251, 199 (79.3%) were used in the analysis, of which 71 (35.7%) were classified as cases. The adjusted ORs and the ORs of the subjects who did not change their work were increased with exposure to the following kinds of work: 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'neck/shoulder (overhead/bend)', 'hand/wrist (bend/pinch)', 'trunk (twist/bend)', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work'. Finally, with increasing exposure to 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'awkward postures', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work', the risks of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom was increased with increasing exposure time of certain physical risk factors, and a dose-response relationship was observed.

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Risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital nurses
Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Postural Load during Liquid Weight Measurement Process Using Ratio of Exposure Time
Sung-Koon Lee, Peom Park
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(3): 445. CrossRef

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Epidemiologic Characteristics of Occupational Lung Cancer in the Busan area: Jung Il Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Dongmug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chang Hoon Lee, Hyun Jae Lee, Jin Uk Kang, Jin Kun Son, Jin Kon Sul, Young Ki Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):53-58. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.53

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of occupational lung cancer in the Busan area.
METHODS
Occupational physicians of four university hospitals operating an occupational disease surveillance system in the Busan area actively interviewed all of the newly diagnosed, lung cancer cases about their characteristics and occupational histories through a survey questionnaire and chart review. To evaluate and agree on the work-relativity, the cases were presented in periodic meetings.
RESULTS
A total of 301 lung cancer cases were interviewed, of which 50 (16.6%, all male, 27 probable and 23 possible) were related to occupational exposure. The exposure materials were asbestos, Cr, PAH etc. Pathologic findings included squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of occupational lung cancer cases above the probable level was 9% and above the possible level was 17%. To develop the public health policy and to prevent further cancer death, the meaningful data from occupational cancer surveillance systems should be collected continuously for ongoing monitoring.

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Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Decision Tree of Occupational Lung Cancer Using Classification and Regression Analysis
Tae-Woo Kim, Dong-Hee Koh, Chung-Yill Park
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Fatigue as a Predictor of Medical Utilization, Occupational Accident and Sickness Absence: Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Jin Joo Chung, Chul Gab Lee, Myung Geun Kang, Sook Jung Hyun, Jung Jin Cho, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):318-332. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.318

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self-perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence.
RESULTS
In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22- 1.66) and highest quartile (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

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Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees: Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 1752. CrossRef
Usage of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire: A Systematic Review of a Comprehensive Job Stress Questionnaire in Japan from 2003 to 2021
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Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 339: 127. CrossRef
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Current Psychology.2023; 42(36): 32194. CrossRef
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Comparison of Working Conditions among Non-regular Visiting Nurses in Public Health Centers based on Their Employment Types
Hee Girl Kim, Ryoun-Sook Lee, Soong-Nang Jang, Kwang Byung Kim, Young Ran Chin
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 267. CrossRef
A Mobile Videoconference-Based Intervention on Stress Reduction and Resilience Enhancement in Employees: Randomized Controlled Trial
Johanna Inyang Kim, Je-Yeon Yun, Heyeon Park, Suk-Young Park, Youngsheen Ahn, Hansol Lee, Tae-Kwon Kim, Sooran Yoon, Young-Joon Lee, Sohee Oh, John W Denninger, Bung-Nyun Kim, Jeong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2018; 20(10): e10760. CrossRef
Risk Factor, Job Stress and Quality of Life in Workers With Lower Extremity Pain Who Use Video Display Terminals
Sehoon Choi, Seong Ho Jang, Kyu Hoon Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Si-Bog Park, Seung Hoon Han
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2018; 42(1): 101. CrossRef
Reliability and validity of the Korean version of organizational justice questionnaire
Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee, Yong-Jun Park, Dong-Joon Lee, Hyun-Kyung Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of a Path Model of Vietnamese Migrant Workers' Occupational Stress
Hye Jeong Jeon, Ga Eon Lee, JungOk Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 404. CrossRef
Developing a Basic Scale for Workers' Psychological Burden from the Perspective of Occupational Safety and Health
Kyung Woo Kim, Ho Chan Lim, Jae Hee Park, Sang Gyu Park, Ye Jin Park, Hm Hak Cho
Safety and Health at Work.2018; 9(2): 224. CrossRef
A Comparative Study of Job Stress, Satisfaction and Commitment of Cooking Employees in Hotel Kitchens with and without HACCP Systems
Kyung-Cheon Min, Wan-Soo Hong
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 28. CrossRef
Effects of changes in occupational stress on the depressive symptoms of Korean workers in a large company: a longitudinal survey
Jaehyuk Jung, Inchul Jeong, Kyung-Jong Lee, Guyeon Won, Jae Bum Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Factor Influencing New Graduate Nurses' Turnover Intention according to Length of Service
Eun A Ji, Ji Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(1): 51. CrossRef
The Emotional Intelligence Effects on Foreign LCs’ Self-Efficacy and Job Stress
Kwang-Jin Jung, Sang-Beom Park
Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business.2018; 9(5): 93. CrossRef
Family management of childhood atopic dermatitis
Hae Kyoung Son, Dong Hee Kim, Hyejung Lee, Heejung Kim, Kyongmee Chung, Hee‐Soon Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2018; 74(6): 1371. CrossRef
Changes of depression and job stress in workers after merger without downsizing
Jun Ick Jung, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Jea Chul Ha
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Study of Preceptor Nurses’ Occupational Stress and Burden
Joohee Han, Eun Kwang Yoo
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2018; 26(1): 38. CrossRef
The Influence of Safety Climate, Safety Leadership, Workload, and Accident Experiences on Risk Perception: A Study of Korean Manufacturing Workers
Shezeen Oah, Rudia Na, Kwangsu Moon
Safety and Health at Work.2018; 9(4): 427. CrossRef
Effects of an Online Mind–Body Training Program on the Default Mode Network: An EEG Functional Connectivity Study
Dasom Lee, Do-Hyung Kang, Na-hyun Ha, Chang-young Oh, Ulsoon Lee, Seung Wan Kang
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Managerial Competence of Frontline Nurse Managers
Ran Lee, Miyoung Kim, Sujin Choi, Hee Yeon Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 435. CrossRef
Effects of Group Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on the Nurses' Job Stress, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention
Hye-Lyun Kim, Sook-Hee Yoon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 432. CrossRef
The mediation effect of PTSD, perceived job stress and resilience on the relationship between trauma exposure and the development of depression and alcohol use problems in Korean firefighters: A cross-sectional study
Johanna Inhyang Kim, Heyeon Park, Jeong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Affective Disorders.2018; 229: 450. CrossRef
Stress, Satisfaction, and Competency of Hospital Pharmacy Preceptors under the New Pharmacy Program in South Korea
Heenam Seo, Kyungwoo Ryu, Subin Lee, Jinyong Noh, Hyeno La, Eunyoung Kim
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2018; 82(8): 6351. CrossRef
How safety-related stress affects workers’ safety behavior: The moderating role of psychological capital
Dan Wang, Xueqing Wang, Nini Xia
Safety Science.2018; 103: 247. CrossRef
Analyzing psychological conditions of field-workers in the construction industry
Soram Lim, Seokho Chi, Joon Deuk Lee, Hoon-Jin Lee, Hyunjung Choi
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2017; 23(4): 261. CrossRef
Safety Climate and Occupational Stress According to Occupational Accidents Experience and Employment Type in Shipbuilding Industry of Korea
Kyung Woo Kim, Sung Jin Park, Hae Sun Lim, Hm Hak Cho
Safety and Health at Work.2017; 8(3): 290. CrossRef
The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea
Young Saeng Jung, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Ho Sung Kwak
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
A moderated mediation model of job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention for airport security screeners
Eun Kyoung Chung, Yeseul Jung, Young Woo Sohn
Safety Science.2017; 98: 89. CrossRef
Effect of Calling, Meaning of Work, Job Stress, and Stress Coping on Organizational Commitment among Career Soldiers
Hye Won Kim, Jae Eun Yoo, Chung Hee Woo
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(1): 30. CrossRef
What is the impact of shift work on the psychological functioning and resilience of nurses? An integrative review
Mozhdeh Tahghighi, Clare S. Rees, Janie A. Brown, Lauren J. Breen, Desley Hegney
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(9): 2065. CrossRef
Mental health status and its predictors among call center employees: A cross‐sectional study
Hyunjin Oh, Heyeon Park, Sunjoo Boo
Nursing & Health Sciences.2017; 19(2): 228. CrossRef
Psychological Factors Influence the Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Their Effect on Quality of Life among Firefighters in South Korea
Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(4): 434. CrossRef
Mental Health Status of Correctional Officers in Correctional Institutions
Kwang-Hoon Kim, Jong-Ik Park, Soo-Jung Lee, Kwang-Ho Jang
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2017; 56(1): 20. CrossRef
Influence of type D personality on job stress and job satisfaction in clinical nurses: the mediating effects of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction
Yeon Hee Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Yeo Ok Kim, Ji Young Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hye Young Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(4): 905. CrossRef
Nationwide firefighter survey: the prevalence of lower back pain and its related psychological factors among Korean firefighters
Min Gi Kim, Ju-il Seo, KyooSang Kim, Yeon-Soon Ahn
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2017; 23(4): 447. CrossRef
The Impact of Sleep Disorder and Job Stress on Turnover Intention of Shift-Working Nurses
Eun Ok Yang, In Ryung Choi, Seong-Min Kim
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(4): 255. CrossRef
The impact of long working hours on psychosocial stress response among white-collar workers
Kyungjin LEE, Chunhui SUH, Jong-Eun KIM, Jae Oh PARK
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2017; 55(1): 46. CrossRef
Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in Relationship between Occupational Stress and Turnover Intention among Nurses at Veterans Administration Hospitals in Korea
Hee-Yun Yim, Hyun-Ju Seo, Yoonhyung Cho, JinHee Kim
Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(1): 6. CrossRef
Association of Occupational Stress and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Office Workers
Eun Sun Yoon, Sae Young Jae
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2017; 35(1): 48. CrossRef
Effects of 8 Weeks of Circuit Exercise Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Stress Index, and Atherogenic Index in Bus Drivers
Eun-Cheol Eem, Hyun-Seok Cho, Man-Gyoon Lee
The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2017; 56(2): 553. CrossRef
Clinical Nurses' Job Stress, Emotional labor, Nursing Performance, and Burnout in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and General Wards
So-Eun Kim, Ji-Young Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(3): 336. CrossRef
Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean office workers
Hosihn Ryu, Dal Lae Chin
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2017; 72(5): 249. CrossRef
Program Development and Effectiveness of Workplace Health Promotion Program for Preventing Metabolic Syndrome among Office Workers
Hosihn Ryu, Jiyeon Jung, Jeonghyun Cho, Dal Chin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(8): 878. CrossRef
Long and short sleep duration are both associated with suicidal ideation in Korean employees
Young-Chul Shin, Jin-woo Kim, Jin-Mi Seol, Kang-Seob Oh, Dong-Won Shin, Eun-Jin Kim, Se-Won Lim
Sleep and Biological Rhythms.2017; 15(1): 81. CrossRef
Investigation of Subcategories according to the Level of Job Stress in Medical Technologist
Jung-Kyu So, Jung-Suk Kim, Young-Hee Lee, Dae-Jung Kim, Chang-Eun Park
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(1): 48. CrossRef
Influence of Experiencing Verbal Abuse, Job Stress and Burnout on Nurses' Turnover Intention in Hemodialysis Units
Sun-ae Joung, Kyung-Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(2): 189. CrossRef
The Impacts of Job Stress and Job Embeddedness on Presenteeism among Container Terminal Workers
Ji Hyun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Hyang Ok Oh, Hye Kyung Moon, Sang Min Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 31. CrossRef
The mediating effect of emotional intelligence between emotional labour, job stress, burnout and nurses' turnover intention
Eunyoung Hong, Young Sook Lee
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(6): 625. CrossRef
Impact of Working environment on Psychological Well-being in Male Baby boomers
Min-Jeong Park, Hyeong-seon Kim
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 17. CrossRef
Analysis of stress, musculoskeletal disorders, and fatigue among broadcasting actors
Moon-Hee Park, Ham-Gyum Kim, Hae-Kag Lee
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(11): 3047. CrossRef
Association of Job Stress with Health-promoting Behaviors and Health Status in Clinical Nurses
Jung-Suk Kim, Chun-Ja Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 311. CrossRef
Impact of Job-stress on Fatigue Among 119 Rescue Workers
Sung-Soo Choi, Gyoung Wan Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 433. CrossRef
Converged Study of Influencing Factors on Occupational Stress in Workers
Eun Kyung Lee, Jin-Hwa Park
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 15. CrossRef
Job Stress and Mental Health of Female Household Head Workers
Hyung Seon Kim, Min Kwon, Jinhwa Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 249. CrossRef
Relationships between Occupational Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction of Physician Assistants
Tea Un Jang, Eun Joung Choi
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 122. CrossRef
The Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on Stress, Coping Strategies, Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Psychological State
Ye-Ha Jung, Tae Min Ha, Chang Young Oh, UI Soon Lee, Joon Hwan Jang, Jungwon Kim, Jae-Oh Park, Do-Hyung Kang, Eugene V Aidman
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(8): e0159841. CrossRef
The Convergence Study of Interpersonal Caring Behaviors on Anger, Job Stress and Social Support in Nurses
Jin-Ah Han, Mi-Jin Kim
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 87. CrossRef
The Effect of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Occupational Stress among Health Care Workers: A Pilot Study
Young In Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Hyungjin Kim, Doug Hyun Han
Psychiatry Investigation.2016; 13(6): 622. CrossRef
The Effects of Occupational Stress and Musculoskeletal Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Labor Workers
Young-Mee Lee, Young Gyu Phee
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(2): 210. CrossRef
A Study on Relationship between Interpersonal Relation, Communication Skills and Work-related Stress in Physical Therapists
Sungmin Myoung
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2016; 21(2): 123. CrossRef
Psychological factors influence the overlap syndrome in functional gastrointestinal disorders and their effect on quality of life among firefighters in South Korea
Seung‐Ho Jang, Han‐Seung Ryu, Suck‐Chei Choi, Sang‐Yeol Lee
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2016; 17(4): 236. CrossRef
Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean dental practitioners
KiHun Cho, Hwi-young Cho, Gyeong-Soon Han
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(1): 56. CrossRef
A study on the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence in Korean workers
Seung Rak Son, Byeong Moo Choe, Seong Hwan Kim, Young Seoub Hong, Byoung Gwon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Temperament and Character Traits, Heart Rate Variability and Occupational Stress in New Nursing Employees
Min Soo Ko, Yong Lee Jang, Jin Sook Choi, Hyun Bo Shim, Hee Jung Nam, Mee Suk Wang, In Deok Lee, Hae Woo Lee
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2016; 55(3): 271. CrossRef
Factors associated with the occurrence of functional dyspepsia and insomnia in shift-working nurses
Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee
Work.2016; 54(1): 93. CrossRef
Covariance Structure Analysis on the Impact of Job Stress, Fatigue Symptoms and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention among Dental Hygienists
Se-Young Han, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 629. CrossRef
The Convergence Influence of Emotional Labor of clinical dental hygienist working on Job stress. -Focused on Mediating Effects of Self Esteem-
Da-Hae Hwang, Suk Eom
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(6): 67. CrossRef
Effects of Dysfunctional Customer Behavior, Job Stress and Stress Copying on Job Satisfaction in Insurance Solicitors
Sang-Hoon Lee, Seul-Ki Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(9): 578. CrossRef
Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Yeong-Kwang Kim, Yeon-Soon Ahn, KyooSang Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh
BMJ Open.2016; 6(11): e012002. CrossRef
The Influence of Job Stress of Care Workers on Customer Orientation
Gyu-Hee Lee, Kyoung-Won Cho
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 173. CrossRef
The Influence of Job Stress and Calling on the Organizational Commitment of Nurses: Focused on Clinical Nurses at University Hospitals in Busan
Moon-Jeong Kim, Yu-Mi Lee
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 27. CrossRef
The Effect of Safety-Aisle on the Perception of Safety-Related Variables in the Small Sawmilling Industry
Hongsuk Rhee, Kwangsu Moon, Kyehoon Lee, Jaehee Lee, Shezeen Oah
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2016; 31(3): 109. CrossRef
Convergence Relationship between Occupational Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Blue Collar Workers in Manufacturing Plants
Eun-Sook Shin
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 57. CrossRef
Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, Intent to Leave, and Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety in South Korean Hospitals
Hyunjin Oh, Dong-choon Uhm, Young Joo Yoon
Nursing Research.2016; 65(5): 380. CrossRef
Psychological factors influence the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and their effect on quality of life among firefighters in South Korea
Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2016; 22(4): 315. CrossRef
Job stress and mental health among nonregular workers in Korea: What dimensions of job stress are associated with mental health?
Soo Kyung Park, Min-Kyoung Rhee, Michàlle Mor Barak
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2016; 71(2): 111. CrossRef
Factors associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers in Korea
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Job Stress on Smoking and Cessation of Hospital Male Employee
JunHyung Lee, Eon Sook Lee, Dong Jun Kim, Seon Young Kweon
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2016; 7(1): 19. CrossRef
Relationship between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Manufacturing Male Workers
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 543. CrossRef
Comparison of Job Stress, Quality of Life Scale and Health Promotion Behaviors in Public Health Officials and General Administration Officials
Hye Jin Hyun, Mi Jin Shin, Hyun Jung Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 320. CrossRef
The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of the Influence of Human Nature Factors, Mental Health Factors and Fatigue on Occupational Stress among Hospital Administrative Staff Using a Structural Equation Model
Sang-Yun Bae, Seung-Hee Kim
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(3): 221. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
Kyoung Mi Kim, Kyoung A Nam, Eunhee Lee, Geum Hee Jeong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(5): 542. CrossRef
Influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities
Sun-A Lim, Eun-Ju Jung, Hye-Jeong Youn
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(4): 671. CrossRef
Factors associated with Problem Drinking in Korean Male Employees for Drinking Motivation, Job Stress, and Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy
Yeongmi Ha, Mi-Ra Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 48. CrossRef
Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
Yuran Jeong, Bo-Hyun Yoon, Eun-Joo Oh, Je-Heon Song, Soo-Hee Park, Haran Jung, Moon-Doo Kim, Man-Ki Baek, Eun-Rak Son, Ja-Young Jung
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587. CrossRef
The effect of organisational system on self-rated depression in a panel of male municipal firefighters
Se-Jin An, Yun Kyung Chung, Bong Hyun Kim, Kyeong Min Kwak, Jun-Seok Son, Jung-wan Koo, Young-Su Ju, Young-Jun Kwon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Analyzing safety behaviors of temporary construction workers using structural equation modeling
Hee-Chang Seo, Yoon-Sun Lee, Jae-Jun Kim, Nam-Yong Jee
Safety Science.2015; 77: 160. CrossRef
The Effects of Job Stress, Depression, and Psychological Happiness on Job Satisfaction of Office Workers
Hae-Kyung Lee, Chun-Youn Nam
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 490. CrossRef
The Convergence Study on the Relationship between the Job Stress and Mental Health of Nurses
Mi-Jin Kim, Gyun-Young Kang
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2015; 6(5): 39. CrossRef
The influential Factors of excessive daytime sleepiness for public Service Workers at Subway Stations
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Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(12): 225. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2015; 6(3): 87. CrossRef
Effects of sleep quality and occupational stress on health-related quality of life among a university's security workers
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(3): 73. CrossRef
Contributors to shift work tolerance in South Korean nurses working rotating shift
Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee
Applied Nursing Research.2015; 28(2): 150. CrossRef
High Occupational Stress and Low Career Satisfaction of Korean Surgeons
Sang Hee Kang, Yoon Jung Boo, Ji Sung Lee, Hyung Joon Han, Cheol Woong Jung, Chong Suk Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2015; 30(2): 133. CrossRef
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5–year study
In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee, Sung-Won Jung, Chang-Wook Nam
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
A Study on the Relationship between Upper-scale General Hospital Nurses' Experience of Verbal Abuse and Job Stress
Eun Ju Oh, Young Soon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(3): 173. CrossRef
Relationship between Job Stress and Smoking Behaviors among Small Scale Manufacturing Male Workers
Eun-Sook Shin, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(12): 8509. CrossRef
The Effects of Job Stress and Psychosocial Stress among Dental Hygienists
Young-Soon Won, Han-Na Oh
Journal of dental hygiene science.2015; 15(5): 679. CrossRef
Effects of an internet-based lifestyle intervention on cardio-metabolic risks and stress in Korean workers with metabolic syndrome: A controlled trial
Chun-Ja Kim, Elizabeth A. Schlenk, Se-Won Kang, Jae-Bum Park
Patient Education and Counseling.2015; 98(1): 111. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Health Status in Hospital Nurses: Based on the Theory of Salutogenesis With Bio Behavioral Approach
Kyeong Sug Kim, Smi Choi-Kwon, Kihye Han
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(1): 50. CrossRef
Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational Stress and Emotional Intelligence in Hospice Volunteers
Yeon Ha Kim, Minju Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(2): 112. CrossRef
Effects of Job Stress and Supervisory Support on Depression of Care Givers in Elderly Care Facilities
Ju Hee Hwang, Sungyeau Choi, Hyunju Park
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 352. CrossRef
Occupational stress and related factors among surgical residents in Korea
Sanghee Kang, Hye Sung Jo, Yoon Jung Boo, Ji Sung Lee, Chong Suk Kim
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2015; 89(5): 268. CrossRef
Characteristics and Factors Associated with Problem Drinking in Male Workers
Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim, Ji Yeon Hong
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 132. CrossRef
A Study of Nursing Tasks, Nurses' Job Stress and Job Satisfaction in Hospitals with No Guardians
Min Kyung Lee, Duk Yoo Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(3): 287. CrossRef
An examination of work exhaustion in the mobile enterprise environment
Hyeon Jeong Kim, Choong C. Lee, Haejung Yun, Kun Shin Im
Technological Forecasting and Social Change.2015; 100: 255. CrossRef
Job Stress, Coping Type, and Job Satisfaction in Firefighters
Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 323. CrossRef
Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters
Jong-Sun Lee, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kyoung-Sook Jeong, Jeong-Ho Chae, Kyeong-Sook Choi
Journal of Affective Disorders.2014; 162: 128. CrossRef
A Management Approach of the Construction Accidents Based on Assessing the Job Stress of Korean and Foreign Construction Laborers
Kyeong Hwan Jeong, Gwang-Hee Kim, Yoonseok Shin
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2014; 29(5): 88. CrossRef
Sleep Quality, Posttraumatic Stress, Depression, and Human Errors in Train Drivers: A Population-Based Nationwide Study in South Korea
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Sleep.2014; 37(12): 1969. CrossRef
A Study on Stress and the Quality of Sleep among Orthodontic Patients
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(4): 2265. CrossRef
Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
Hye Joo Park, Yun Young Kim, Ki Hyun Park, Si Woo Lee, Jong-Hyang Yoo
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171. CrossRef
Comparing Stress Perception and Leisure Type Preference between South Korean Smoking and Nonsmoking Casino Employees
Tae Kyung Lee, Choong-Ki Lee, Hye-Mi Lee, Howard J. Shaffer
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2014; 12(5): 618. CrossRef
Occupational Stress of Women Workers in Service Industries depending on Their Working Conditions
Su-Jin Kwak, Hye-Sun Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(2): 89. CrossRef
The relationship between job stress and service quality, and the moderating effect of organizational justice
Kwan Young Ahn
Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2014; 16(3): 389. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Work Stress Assessment Tools for Estimating Human Work Performance
Tong-Il Jang, Yong-Hee Lee, Kyu-Jeong Han, Hyeon-Kyo Lim
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2014; 29(6): 144. CrossRef
The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers
Hee Ryang Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Ja Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 20. CrossRef
The Effects of Aroma Inhalation Method with Roll-on in Occupation Stress, Depression and Sleep in Female Manufacture Shift Workers
Hyun-Mi Oh, Geum-Sook Jung, Ja Ok Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2903. CrossRef
Job Stress and Musculoskeletal Disorder in Seoul City's School Foodservice Employees
Saerom Lee, KyooSang Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jihye Kim, Dohyung Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(4): 245. CrossRef
Relationships of Job Stress, Fatigue & Depression among one Ship-building Supply Workers
Sang-Dol Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2789. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Tuberculosis (TB) Control Nurses' Job Satisfaction
Jin Beom Lee, Young Im Kim, Hyo Geun Geun
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(2): 128. CrossRef
Systematic analysis of tobacco treatment interventions implemented in worksite settings
Adam P. Knowlden, Melinda J. Ickes, Manoj Sharma
Journal of Substance Use.2014; 19(4): 283. CrossRef
Development of a Short Questionnaire to Measure an Extended Set of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Positive Health Outcomes: The New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire
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Industrial Health.2014; 52(3): 175. CrossRef
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Seung Jin Oh, Sun Hwa Shin, Gee Youn Go, Bhandari Pratibha
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 149. CrossRef
Influence of Job Stress and Depression on Suicide Ideation of Women-workers in Service Industries
Hyun Ju Lee, Hye-Sun Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 189. CrossRef
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Risk Factor Assessment Using Surface Electromyography and Electrogoniometer among Automobile Part Manufacturers: Dongmug Kang, Cheol Ho Yee, Yong Chul Shin, Eun A Kim, Ji Hoon Woo, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):267-277. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.267

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
As automobile part manufacturing is characterized by high speed and high repetition, observation methods which are usually utilized for static posture are inappropriate to evaluate musculoskeleatal risk factors. This study quantified the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders on the forearm and suggested exposure limits by estimating the risk factors using surface electromyography (EMG) and electrogoniometer.
METHODS
Ten percent of the total workers at 3 automobile part manufacturing factories were randomly selected, and 99 male workers were recruited as study subjects. The study was conducted during May 2003 to September 2004. The workers were equipped with electrogoniometers on the wrist and the elbow, surface EMGs on the skin of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles, and the heart beat recorder during work as indicators of joint movement, local muscle tension and physical work load, respectively.
RESULTS
After controlling for age, body mass index and job stress, wrist flexion maximum angle, FDS relative activity (RA) and ECR RA were significantly associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. The odds ratios of the forearm were 5.0(95% CI: 1.1-22.7), 14.0(95% CI: 1.5-128.8) and 7.3(95% CI: 1.1-49.4) for wrist flexion maximum angle more than 76 degrees, FDS RA more than 2.8%, and ECR RA more than 3.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Joint angle and focal muscle activity were associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. To reduce forearm musculoskeletal symptoms among automobile part manufacturers, the wrist flexion angle, and FDS and ECR activity need to be reduced below the guidelines recommended in this study.

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Quantification of physical stress experienced by obstetrics and gynecology sonographers: A comparative study of two ultrasound devices
Yong-Ku Kong, Min-Uk Cho, Chae-Won Park, Seoung-Yeon Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Junpil Moon, Sungwon Lim, Byung-Mo Oh, Banseok Han, JunHee Choi, Kyeong-Hee Choi
Applied Ergonomics.2022; 100: 103665. CrossRef

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Work Related Factors Affecting Perceived Fatigue in Male Metal Assemblers: Jun Ho Jang, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):155-165. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.155

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To find work related factors affecting perceived fatigue among male metal product assemblers.
METHODS
The study subjects were metal product assemblers from three metal product companies (476 car parts assemblers, 610 car engine assemblers, 454 ship engine assemblers). From the total of 1,540 subjects, 1,136 (73.8%) were included and 38 respondents with insufficient replies were excluded. Associations between fatigue score and other variables (general characteristics, job related factors, workload, job stresses) were investigated in terms of the concept of multidimensional fatigue construct by self administered questionnaire. Using MFS (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale), JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire), and Borg's scale, we estimated the fatigue, job stress, and workload, respectively. Fatigue score was estimated by 'sum of fatigue' in MFS. Associations were tested by linear regression analysis using SAS v.8.0.
RESULTS
In this study, the fatigue related factors were older age, longer working hours per week, higher workload, higher job demand, lower decision latitude, and lower supervisor support.
CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged working hours, higher workload, higher job demand, poor supervisor support and lower decision latitude were fatigue related factors among the male metal product assemblers of this study.

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The Effects of Job Characteristics on Smoking and Mediating Effects of Job Stress among Older Workers
Sungeun Lee
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 51. CrossRef
The Influence of occupational stress on dry mouth, temporomandibular disorder and oral symptoms on workers
Min-Hee Hong
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2013; 13(1): 136. CrossRef
Relations between Fatigue and Work-related Factors in Workers
Eun Sook Jung, Nam Hyun Cha
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(4): 420. CrossRef
Effects of Fatigue on Health Promotion Behavior and Mental Health of Automotive Manufacturing Workers
Kyung-Hee Lee, Kyung-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 143. CrossRef

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Occupational disease surveillance system in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam area: Jung Il Kim, Byung Gwan Kim, Jung Won Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Cheol Ho Yi, Dongmug Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Young Wook Kim, Young Ha Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Younghee Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Hyung Ryul Yun, Cheol In Yoo, Baek Geun Jeong, Tae Won Jang, Yun Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yun, Jin Uk Kang, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Dong Joon Lee, Joon Ho Jang, Kwang Young Lee, Hyu Ran Song, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Man Cho, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Yu Jin Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Kap Yeol Jung, Jung Man Kim, Joon Youn Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):1-12. Published online March 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.1

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases METHODS: 11 hospitals participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Between Apri1 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. Most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7 %) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9 %). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6 %) and 4 (12.1 %) cases of occupational asthma, the agents included isocyanate and welding fume, respectively. 64.7 % of the cases of occupational skin diseases were contact dermatitis, and organic solvents and welding fume were the main agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10 (58.8 %) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (29.4 %) as adenoma.
CONCLUSION
This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

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Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46. CrossRef

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Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Workloads: Dongjun Lee, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Junho Jang, Jongeun Kim, Byungmann Cho, Suill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):388-400. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to make a questionnaire for assessing physical workloads and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
METHODS
A total of 220 workers (foundry workers 30, large vehicle assemblers 30, shipyard workers 75, and automobile manufacturers 80) completed a self-administered questionnaire and took examinations for physical work capacity and working heart rate. We excluded data with insufficient responses or incorrect physical work capacity and working heart rate. Finally, the data of 154 workers (70.0%) were used for our study. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, we used statistical analyses including the scaling assumption test and a comparison with the objective tool for physical workload which was evaluated by working energy expenditure.
RESULTS
The items of the questionnaire in the same categories had close distribution in the evaluation of the scaling assumption. The item internal consistency was 0.41-0.73 for posture factor, and 0.62-0.79 for non-posture factor. The item discriminate validity was 100%. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of the total items was 0.73 (0.58 for posture factor and 0.74 for nonposture factor). In the correlation between working energy expenditure and questions, general physical activity (p=0.008), proportion of the workday with hands above shoulder (p=0.002), proportion of the workday with trunk bent (p=0.028), proportion of the workday with awkward posture (p=0.048), sweating after work (p=0.006), total scales (p=0.003) and Borg scale (p=0.011) all had statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our questionnaire for assessing physical workloads demonstrated statistically significant reliability and validity. But the questions for the proportions of the workday with sitting work posture and with static posture should be modified via a larger study.

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Joint Laxity Negatively Correlates With Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Young Adults
Tae-Hwan Kim, Hwan-Mo Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Dae-Kyung Kwak, Jae Keun Oh, Yong Chan Kim, Moon Soo Park, Federico Bonifacio Alday, Seok Woo Kim
Spine.2013; 38(24): E1541. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Work-Related Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Due To Repetitive Motions: Jung Won Kim, Insun Park, Youngjoon Lee, Yu Chang Kim, Pilja Kim, Dongmug Kang, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):310-318. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.310

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To report cubital tunnel syndrome due to repetitive motions.
METHODS
A worker complaining muscle weakness and atrophy of the right hand intrinsic muscles admitted to a hospital. We evaluated him with blood tests, neurophysiologic studies (NCV & EMG), plain X-ray and US at the both elbows. We investigated his occupational history, and videotaped his work motions based on the work cycle at his previous work site. Finally, an ergonomics expert analyzed the motions using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA).
RESULTS
NCV & EMG studies reveals slow conduction velocity on both ulnar nerve across the elbow, more severely in the right side. US shows us compatible finding with diffuse neuritis of both ulnar nerves at both elbows. RULA score is 7.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed that the workers symptoms were related to his previous jobs demanding repetitive motions using the elbow joints. It is necessary that we should prepare appropriate measures to evaluate, prevent, rehabilitate, and help injured workers to return to work.

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