Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Psychosocial Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among White and Blue-collar Workers at Private and Public Sectors: Leticia B Januario, Mariana V Batistao, Helenice JCG Coury, Ana Beatriz Oliveira, Tatiana O Sato; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:20-20. Published online July 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0020-5

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal and psychosocial perception and compare these conditions regarding the type of job (white or blue-collar) and the type of management model (private or public).

Methods

Forty-seven public white-collar (PuWC), 84 private white-collar (PrWC) and 83 blue-collar workers (PrBC) were evaluated. Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were applied to evaluate psychosocial factors. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess musculoskeletal symptoms. Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was measured to evaluate sensory responses.

Results

According to JCQ, all groups were classified as active profile. There was a significant association between work engagement and workers’ categories (p < 0.05). PrWC workers had the highest scores for all the UWES domains, while PrBC had the lowest ones. PPT showed that PrBC workers had an increased sensitivity for left deltoid (p < 0.01), and for both epicondyles (p < 0.01), when compared to the other groups. PrWC workers had an increased sensitivity for both epicondyles than PuWC (right p < 0.01; left, p = 0.05). There was no significant association in the report of symptoms across the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed differences in psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers engaged in different types of jobs and work organization. Personal and work-related characteristics, psychosocial factors and PPT responses were different across workers’ group. Despite all, there was no significant difference in reported symptoms across the groups, possibly indicating that the physical load is similar among the sectors.

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Three job stress models and their relationship with musculoskeletal pain in blue- and white-collar workers
Raphael M. Herr, Jos A. Bosch, Adrian Loerbroks, Annelies E.M. van Vianen, Marc N. Jarczok, Joachim E. Fischer, Burkhard Schmidt
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2015; 79(5): 340. CrossRef

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Original Article

Risk Factors Related to Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Shipyard Workers: Byung Chan Park, Hae Kwan Cheong, Soo keun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):373-387. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.373

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was performed on 2,140 shipyard workers in a shipyard in Ulsan city. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, the health behavior, work type and duration, physical burden, job control, type of instruments used, posture, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Definition of musculoskeletal disorders was based on either NIOSH criteria and Kim's criteria.
RESULTS
Positive rate of musculoskeletal disorders in any one part of the body was 77.2% by NIOSH criteria and 60.7% by Kim's criteria. Positive rate of the symptoms increased in workers with longer work hours, with a severe physical burden, and without any control over their job. Work with a more frequent unstable posture and for longer hours was also associated with increased musculoskeletal symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that unstable posture and physical burden is closely related to the positive rate of musculoskeletal symptoms after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, exercise, duration of work, and job control; showing a good dose-response relationship.
CONCLUSION
Inadequate posture and physical burden were the most significant factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers in this study. Therefore, it will be necessary to make efforts to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to a specific job, instrument, physical burden, and posture. Workers should be educated on the types and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, how to improve the ergonomic occupational environment and to set up preventive measures against the risk factors during work.

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Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
Risk factors of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in male cameramen
Jung ho Kim, Byung seong Suh, Soo Geun Kim, Won sool Kim, You il Shon, Hee seung Son
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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Police Personnel
Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177. CrossRef
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Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(6): 925. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
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Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
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Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2011; 5(6): 315. CrossRef
Characteristics of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Their Work-relatedness Evaluation
Kun Hyung Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Day Sung Kim, Sun Je Jang, Ki Hun Hong, Seung-Won Yoo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S77. CrossRef
Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef

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Original Article

Assessment of Job Related Cumulative Trauma Disorders of Dentists in Daegu Metropolitan City: Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong, Joong Jung Lee, Hee Kyung Lee, Jong Hak Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):55-63. Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.55

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the symptom prevalence and aspects of symptoms for cumulative trauma disorders in dentists and elucidate their associated factors.
METHODS
A questionnaire-based investigation on demographic factors, work-related characteristics, psychosocial factors and symptoms of 512 dentists practicing in Daegu metropolitan city was conducted. Subsets of psychosocial characteristics, including job demand(5 items), psychosomatic strain(5 items), job insecurity, and type A behavior were also assessed. For the evaluation of symptoms early developed questionnaire by Song(1997)was used to investigate the parameters related to pains in the neck, shoulder, arm and elbow, wrist, finger, back or discomforts, such as pricking and numbing.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders, calculated based on NIOSH criteria, was high at 63.3 %; the most frequent site of complaint was the shoulder, followed by neck, back, hand and wrist, knee, foot and ankle. The most common approach position was direction of 9 to 10 o'clock. Most subjects had 5-10 years of work experience and those with such years of experience also complained most frequently of symptoms in the neck and shoulder areas. As to rate of symptom complaint according to the type of dental procedure, the highest rate was associated to periodontic treatment. According to age, those between the age of 30-40 had the highest symptom prevalence rate at 70 %. According to sex, women had the higher symptom prevalence rate. Unmarried subjects also had higher symptom prevalence rate. The results of logistic analysis showed that the higher the psychosomatic strain and job demand, the higher the symptom prevalence rate of cumulative trauma disorders. Moreover, the higher the score of type A behavior, the higher the symptom prevalence rate, and even those who changed the location of their practice for the last three months also showed high symptom prevalence rate.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of multiple logistic regression analysis, which incorporated demographic, work-related and psychosocial characteristics as independent variables, showed that women were at a higher risk than men in developing cumulative trauma disorders; and that the higher the psychosomatic strain and more frequent type A behavior, the higher the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders. The above results seem to suggest that not only continual, repeated fine and skillful musculoskeletal movements and lengthy hours in an uncomfortable position but also the psychological stress related to patient satisfaction, can lead to cumulative trauma disorders.

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Relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms of upper extremities among dental hygienists
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Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2012; 12(5): 897. CrossRef
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Youn-Bum Sung, Hyung-Seok Seo, Jung-Ho Lee, Young-Han Park
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Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
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An influence of operator's posture on the shape of prepared tooth surfaces for fixed partial denture
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The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2011; 49(1): 38. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Work-Related Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Due To Repetitive Motions: Jung Won Kim, Insun Park, Youngjoon Lee, Yu Chang Kim, Pilja Kim, Dongmug Kang, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):310-318. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.310

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To report cubital tunnel syndrome due to repetitive motions.
METHODS
A worker complaining muscle weakness and atrophy of the right hand intrinsic muscles admitted to a hospital. We evaluated him with blood tests, neurophysiologic studies (NCV & EMG), plain X-ray and US at the both elbows. We investigated his occupational history, and videotaped his work motions based on the work cycle at his previous work site. Finally, an ergonomics expert analyzed the motions using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA).
RESULTS
NCV & EMG studies reveals slow conduction velocity on both ulnar nerve across the elbow, more severely in the right side. US shows us compatible finding with diffuse neuritis of both ulnar nerves at both elbows. RULA score is 7.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed that the workers symptoms were related to his previous jobs demanding repetitive motions using the elbow joints. It is necessary that we should prepare appropriate measures to evaluate, prevent, rehabilitate, and help injured workers to return to work.

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Original Article

Symptom Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Related Factors among Bank Workers by Visual Dispaly Terminal Use: Shang Hyuk Yim, Yun Geun Lee, Jung Jin Cho, Jeong Il Son, Jae Cheol Song; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):85-98. Published online February 28, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.85

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms and related factors among VDT operators in bank. The subjects were 950 women workers. The characteristics of subjects were 26.6 years of average age, 5.7 years of average VDT use duration and 6.5 hours of daily VDT use time. The results were as follows. The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms more than severe in Likert scale were 51.4%, 43.9% at the shoulder, 38.3%, 31.8% at the lower back, 38.0%, 31.3% at the neck, 31.2%, 25.2% at the upper back, 21.7%, 16.5% at the wrist and 13.6%, 8.8% at the fingers (while on duty, after home-coming). General characteristic variables affecting the musculoskeletal symptoms were married, number of child and daily house-working time. Work-related factors affecting the musculoskeletal symptoms were VDT working career, daily working time, daily VDF use time, VDF use time without rest, daily work-load and regular rest. As the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, daily working time, daily VDT use time and VDT working career were significant variables accounting for the musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Original Article

Cumulative Trauma Disorders among Telephone Directory Assistance Operators: Hae Kwan Cheong, Byung Soon Choi, Ji Yong Kim, Sun Hee Yu, Hyun Sul Lim, Yong Min Kim, Kyung Yun Uh, Yong Wook Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):140-155. Published online February 28, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.140

Abstract PDF

To evaluate the prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in relation to ergonomic evaluation of their work, 260 female directory assistance operators employed in three branch facilities of the nation-wide telecommunication company. Ergonomic evaluation of the work status was done by two industrial hygienists through inspection. Workers were surveyed with standardized self-administered questionnaire and examined by family physicians and an orthopaedician for cumulative trauma disorders. Laboratory examination of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine phosphokinase(CPK), aldolase and rheumatoid factor was done and X-ray of cervical spine and both shoulders was taken from all subjects and nerve conduction velocity test was done on 57 subjects with suspected nerve entrapment cases. Cumulative trauma disorders were categorized into 3 category according to work-relatedness of the disorders. On ergonomic evaluation of the working posture and work environment, improvement of work posture revealed inappropriate postures and devices. Mean age of the subjects were 39 years old and more than 80% graduated high school or above. Ninety-eight percent of the workers employed in the company for more than 15 years and 74.6% of the workers worked at the VDT job for more than 4 years. Mean daily work hours was 8.0 hours per day and mean break hours was 90.5 minutes per day with mean extra work hours of 10.7 hours per month. Mean daily calls were 1128.6 calls in maximum and 864.8 calls in minimum. On laboratory examination, 13 (5.0%) workers had abnormal AST, 53(20.4%) had abnormal CPK, and 1 (0.4%) had abnormal aldolase level. On x-ray examination of cervical spine, 111 (42.7%) had loss of or reversed normal cervical lordosis, 10(3.8%) had narrowing of intervertebral space. Nerve conduction velocity test was abnormal in 11 (19.2%) among 57 workers. Among disorders categorized as work-related, 131 (50.4%) were diagnosed to have fatigue myalgia of levator scapulae, 108 (41.5%) had cervical strain or sprain, 47 (18.1%) had fatigue arthralgia of phalangeal joints, and 47 (18.1%) had probable carpal tunnel syndrome, in 10 (3.8%) of those diagnosis was confirmed electrophysiologically. Age, seniority, work duration at present job, workload nor location of facilities were associated with the prevalence of symptoms nor specific diagnoses on simple statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression, which deems to be due to highly selected and homogeneous characteristics of the study subjects. Above results shows that cumulative trauma disorders are very prevalent among directory assistance operators and elaborate effort is needed to reduce the cumulative trauma disorders among the operators.

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Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data
Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim
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Joon Youn Kim, Jung Il Kim, Ji Eun Son, Sung Kuk Yun
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Original Article

A Study on Risk Prediction and Prevention Guidelines for CTDs: Dong Hyun Park, Ik Keun Yoon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):282-300. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.282

Abstract PDF: CTDs have been a growing problems for US and European industries with higher incidence rate every year. In our country, we have just Started to recognize and to work on the problems in industry. In this respect, this would be the first ergonomic-based CTD study with medical data. Two automobile part plants were ergonomically and clinically surveyed for this study. Specifically,' 25 jobs from A industry and 51 jobs from B industry were matched with the clinical data. Two types of analysis were conducted. First, ergonomic job evaluation using CTD checklist was done for both industries to figure out the relative risks for each jobs. Second, comprehensive analysis for risk factors regarding CTDs was conducted. It produced mainly two results. First, multiple regression analysis of both worker and work-related factors on total scores based on the results of the'physical examination showed that there was no statistically significant relationships between total scores based on physical examinations and either worker or work-related risk factors. Second, logistic analyses for both factors were done. An user-friendly logistic program was developed for this analysis and for the future analysis of CTD study in the long-run. The program would have even non-expert in statistical package easily manipulate logistic analysis. Based on the logistic analysis, there was no significant relationships between worker related risk factors and all CTD types except marital status. However, there was some significant results in terms of work-related factors. Lateral pinch and ulnar deviations had significant relationship with both all CTD types and CTS. Power grip was associated with all types of CTDs, Tendinitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The cycle time had significant effects only on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. In conclusion, the first ergonomic-based CTD study has been initiated in Korea. However, it was realized that good overall situation for CTD study in Korea has been before the right time yet. Therefore, futher research on the basis of the framework of this study is strongly suggested to have a complete CTD guidelines in the near future.

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