Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Work-Related Disease of Workers' in Manufacturing Sectors: In Seok Kim, Sang Chul Ryu, Yong Hyun Kim, Young Jun Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):158-166. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.158

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that have been meaningful in recognizing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in manufacturing sector workers as work-related diseases, since amendment of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on July 1st, 2008, and provide information to establish an objective standard.
METHODS
We examined 359 claims of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases which were presented as occupational diseases from January 1st, to December 31th, 2010, collecting Industrial Accident Compensation data from the six Provincial Committees for work-related disease decision. We analyzed the approval rate and odds ratio of the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information, by using univariate logistic regression. In addition, we confirmed the factors that have effects on when approving work-related diseases by using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 92 claims out of the 359 claims were recognized as worked-related diseases with an approval rate of 25.6%. Because of accidental situations such as altercation, cold environments, fire etc., only 12 cases were approved. In addition, due to short-term overwork such as outdoor work in cold environments, only 18 cases were approved. Sixty-two cases were approved for chronic overwork. On chronic overwork, the approval rate was not significantly different in univariate logistic regression in gender, age, claimed disease, survival or death, smoker or non-smoker, or associated disease. However, factory size and, average working time for last one week and average working time for last four weeks were significantly. In the multivariate logistic regression analyzed, adjusted for age and sex, we found that the factors in approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as work-related disease were average working time for the last four weeks and factory size.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that there has been a great deal of subjective judgements when approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases to be occupational diseases. Therefore, objective criteria should be established, especially with regard to the approval of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and working hours.

Citations

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The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018
Kapo Wong, Alan H. S. Chan, S. C. Ngan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2102. CrossRef
The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef
Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
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Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 7(4): 293. CrossRef

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Original Article

Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases as Occupational Disease in Seoul: Tae Kyung Lee, Soo Geun Kim, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Seong Sik Cho, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung June Im; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):262-270. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.262

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affected the decision making process in approving workers' compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases cases that occurred just before refoming approval standards of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008 and to provide fundamental information in preparing better standards.
METHODS
We examined 283 claims cases involving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases that occurred between 1 January, 2006 and 31 December, 2007 and collected data based on the worker's compensation records from 3 Seoul Regional Centers of the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. We analyzed the approval rates and odds ratios according to the general characteristics, injury information, past medical histories, and work related information using chi-square or univariate logistic regression. In addition, we identified the factors affecting the approval using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 101 of the 283 cases were approved and approval rate was 35.7%. Approval rates differed significantly according to type of disease, survival, accident site, accident time, the presence of associated disease and overwork (p-value <0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted for age and sex, approval rate of death cases with associated disease was lower than cases without associated disease (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12~0.42). Approval rate of cases occurred in worksite was higher than others (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.22~10.40). Cases of accepted overwork had a higher approval rate significantly than cases of not accepted (OR 28.53, 95% CI 9.74~83.52).
CONCLUSION
Factors in approving cases of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as cases involving occupational disease included conditions of overwork, high rate of accidents in the workplace and the presence of associated disease. It is necessary to investigate further behaviors of work and chronic work-related stress.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef

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Original Article

Occupational Stress in Relation to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease: Longitudinal Analysis from the NSDSOS Project: Chang Kook Hwang, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Chong Yon Park, Bong Suk Cha, Sook Jung Hyun, Jun Ho Park, Kang Myoung Lee, Kyoung Tae Cha, Woo Jin Park, Hyung Joon Jhun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):105-114. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.105

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This prospective study was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and the development of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
A total of 8,429 employees were selected from a nationwide sample, proportional to both the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to access the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior and work related characteristics. 43-items of the full version of Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used to access the participants occupational stress. New cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were evaluated using medical utilization files received from the National Health Insurance Corporation for the period of March 2004 to December 2005. A logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
RESULTS
43 new cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were found. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, job stressors were related with circulatory diseases after adjustment for gender, age, number of workers, employment type, shift work, smoking, alcohol intake, and regular exercise. Of the 8 subscales, insufficient job control (Adj. RR 2.802; 95% CI 1.038-7.564) and occupational climate (Adj. RR 2.365; 95% CI 1.087~5.143) were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, no significant relationships were found between the 6 KOSS subscales and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the short-term follow-up of about two years, the KOSS subscales of insufficient job control and occupational climate were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.

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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
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The Effects of Individual Counseling for Bus-drivers to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Secondary Data Analysis
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Predicting Factors among Small-sized Company Workers
Soo Kyoung Choi, Jeong A Jo, Seon Young Hwang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 244. CrossRef
The Magnitude of Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease Attributed to Occupational Factors in Korea - Attributable Fraction Estimation Using Meta-analysis
Jaehyeok Ha, Soo-Geun Kim, Domyung Paek, Jungsun Park
Safety and Health at Work.2011; 2(1): 70. CrossRef

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Original Article

Are Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases among Employees Work-related?: Jungsun Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):288-296. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.288

Abstract PDF

Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of deaths among workers as well as in general population in Korea. The term "Karoshi" in Japan represents work-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (WR-CVD) due to excessive overwork. According to the Karasek's Demand-Control Model many prospective studies reported a significant association between working in jobs with high strain and increased likelihood of subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases. However, further understanding of the etiopathology of each different work-relatedness is needed to prevent WR-CVDs effectively. This review was planned to help the readers with knowledge on the etiopathology of the WR-CVDs. Based on the causal or triggering factors, work-relatedness in the literature can be classified into four types: 'accidental type (e.g. sudden cardiac deaths)', 'typical Karoshi type due to extreme overwork', 'maladaptation type due to dramatic change in job characteristics', and 'job stress type due to inherent characteristics'. Even though the outcome of each type is apparently similar, their causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms are quite different. In conclusion, the work-relatedness of CVDs among employees is very limited and usually works as a trigger rather than as the causal factors. A thorough understanding of the etiopathology of WR-CVDs can be very helpful in developing a prevention strategy.

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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Effect of working patterns on eating habits in manufacturing workers of Gwangju area
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Jingu Lee, Woojin Jeon, Jaehwan Cho
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2014; 8(1): 11. CrossRef
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Ki-Youn Kim, Man-Su Cho, Won-Mo Gal
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Work-related Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases (WR-CVDs) in Korea
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2008; 23(2): 236. CrossRef

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Original Article

Analysis of Sufficient Conditions in Approving Cere b rovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Occupational Disease: Jong Uk Won, Kook Whan Ha, Jae Suk Song, Jaehoon Roh, Hyung Ryul Kim, Dae Hee Lee, Kang Hee Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):52-60. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.52

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affect the decision to approve workers compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and to analyze the worker characteristics.
METHODS
Three hundred, sixty-nine cases were collected based on the workers compensation records of three Seoul and Incheon Regional centers of the Labor Welfare Corporation between 1998 and 1999. They contained the general characteristics, injury information and past medical histories. The x2-test and logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors affecting the approvals. Seventy-two survivors were surveyed by telephone for job stress. Job stress was surveyed in three parts: job demands, decision latitude and personal free time.
RESULTS
Of the cases, 167 obtained approval from the Corporation; the others did not. Regardless of approval, 62% of all subjects had more than one of the cerebral and cardiovascular risk factors. Especially, 53.9% of subjects had hypertension. According to the logistic regression, the fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=26.4, CI=9.13-76.22). The cases with working condition change (OR=6.5, CI=3.45-12.07), accidents on worksite (OR=4.9, CI=2.39-10.07), female (OR=4.0, CI=1.21-13.3), accidents at night duty (OR=2.9, CI=.156-5.39), cases occurring on duty (OR=.25, CI=1.34-4.72) and cases without past disease history (OR=1.8, CI=1.02-3.36) also had higher approval rates. Telephone survey found that the approval rate increased with decreasing freedom of personal time schedule. However, the logistic regression revealed that job stress didnt affect the approvals.
CONCLUSION
To prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the most important aspect is to control hypertension which is the most common risk factor among the victims. Moreover, job stress and over working should be considered in the just approval of the workers compensation claims.

Citations

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Compensation for Work-Related Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases
Jong-Uk Won, Inah Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S12. CrossRef
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Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552. CrossRef
An Investigation on the Metabolic Syndromes and Health-Related Risk Factors among Male Workers
Sun-Young Choi, Na-Eun Kang, Sung-Hee Kim
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(4): 975. CrossRef
A Comparison of the Recognition of Overwork-related Cardiovascular Disease in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
Jungsun PARK, Yangho KIM, Yawen CHENG, Seichi HORIE
INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2012; 50(1): 17. CrossRef
Work-related Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea
Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105. CrossRef

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