Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk in general population of Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016: Jinho Song, Tae Hwan Koh, One Park, Daeil Kwon, Seonghoon Kang, Kyeongmin Kwak, Jong-Tae Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e10. Published online June 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e10

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Background

Depression is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with changes in individuals' health status that might influence CVD risk. However, most studies have scrutinized this relationship on a rather narrower and specific study population. By focusing on general population of Korea, we sought to inspect the association of depression with CVD risk and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The data from the first year (2016) of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants were classified by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score as such: normal group (PHQ-9 score 0–4), mild depression (MD) group (PHQ-9 score 5–9) and moderate and severe depression (MSD) group (PHQ-9 score 10–27). General linear model was used to analyze differences and the trend of mean CVD risk according to depression level. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression to identify the association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age.

Results

Mean CVD risk of MSD group was higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of CVD risk to increase as depression worsened (p < 0.01). Among men, MSD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–4.97), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26–4.66), increased fasting blood sugar (> 125 mg/dL; AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.25–4.50) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.65–5.72). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Among women, MSD group was associated with high body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m²; AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11–2.32), large waist circumference (≥ 85 cm; AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.37), current smoking (AOR, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.07–8.52) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.68–4.08). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.93).

Conclusions

We suggest that depression is associated with increased risk for CVD occurrence in general population of Korea.

Citations

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Current Atherosclerosis Reports.2024; 26(9): 463. CrossRef
Awareness and related factors of depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people in South Korea: a survey-based cross-sectional study
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BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e068282. CrossRef
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Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2022; 158: 110920. CrossRef
The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender
Shinuk Kim
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Original Articles

The Correlation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hearing Loss: Sung Pil Jung, Soo Young Kim, Tae Yong Lee, Young Chae Cho, Dong Bae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):189-202. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.189

Abstract PDF

To investigate the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on hearing loss, hearing threshold and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, hematologic values, and serum lipid levels of 3,827 persons who visited the Health Center of a University Hospital in Kumi for health examination from January 1, 1995 to July 31, 1997 were analysed. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Hearing threshold was shifted highly in both sex groups with age increased. Smoking did not influence increase of hearing loss, but drinking alcohol amount increased hearing threshold when sex was adjusted. The most highly increased hearing threshold showed among farmers group, but next was blue collars group. Hearing threshold increasing basis with BMI increased. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hematocrit value increased the hearing threshold in both sex groups, but hemoglobin value did not related to the hearing threshold. 3. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and atherosclerosis index were significantly increased with the grade of hearing lose increased, when age was adjusted. 4. In the logistic regression analysis, the atherosclerosis index, age, and hematocrit value revealed risk factors which contributed in that orders, though the values were small they showed statistical significances, but the risks were lowered when hemoglobin values increased, in both sex groups. Consequently, hyperlipidemia was significantly related to the hearing loss when age was adjusted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of the Frequency of Weather Types and Analysis of the Related Air Quality in Korean Urban Areas over a Recent Decade (2007-2016)
Hyeong-Sik Park, Sang-Keun Song, Seung-Beom Han, Seongbin Cho
Journal of Environmental Science International.2018; 27(11): 1129. CrossRef

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The Effect of Day and Night Shift on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Automobile: Manufacturing Plant Workers: Jae Haek Shin, Jung Jeung Lee, Kyeong Soo Lee, Joon Sakong, Chang Yoon Kim, Jong Hak Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):28-45. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.28

Abstract PDF: An investigation of effects of shift work on cardiovascular risk factors has been carried out on workers of a motor company in Ulsan, for 2 months from 20 April to 20 June,1993. This cross-sectional survey was designed to compare the shift workers (n=420) with day workers (n=88). The study subjects were drawn from workers who were employed in twelve hour shift system. A control group who never experienced shift work was drawn from different sections of the factory. Each worker completed a medical and occupational questionnaire and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-1 and B were measured. In univariate analysis, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotem A-1 increased in shift workers. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, shift work was significant independent variable (p=0.059). In multiple regression analysis for the cholesterol, age and body mass index were significant independent variables(p<0.01), but shift work was not a statistically significant independent variable. In multiple regression analysis for the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1, shift work was significant independent variable (p<0.05). Shift workers who have engaged in shift work more than 5 years have an excess of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1 than those who have engaged in shift work less than 5 years (p<0.05). In multiple regression analysis for the cholesterol, duration of shift work was a significant independent variable (p=0.012). In multiple regression analysis for the apolipoprotein B and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1, duration of shift work was not a significant independent variable.

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