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Original Article
Risk perceptions of a population living near a municipal waste incinerator and associated factors with the prevalence of environmental disease
Dong Hyun Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Jeong Ho Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chunhui Suh, Kunhyung Kim, Byeong Jin Ye
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e38.   Published online November 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e38
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study investigated the risk perceptions, prevalence of environmental diseases (EDs) and associated factors with the prevalence of environmental disease among the population living near an incinerator

Methods

Study area were divided into 3 local areas near the incinerator by distance (A, B, C) and control area (D) by distance and geographic isolation. A Questionnaire was conducted with 1,380 in local residents (A, B, C) and 390 in control area (D), gathered information of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, perception of damage by incinerators, experience of EDs (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma) diagnosed by physician. Analysis of variance, χ2 test, and Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the difference by area. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.

Results

Residents residing closer to the incinerator had negative perception in most items in questionnaire compared with control. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher as they lived nearby the incinerator (p = 0.008). The associated factors with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis were carpet (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, p = 0.001), residential area (marginally significant), duration of residence (OR: 1.09, p < 0.001). The perception of environmental pollution around the residential area was inversely associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis: perceived as very dissatisfied (OR: 4.21, p = 0.02) compared with very satisfied.

Conclusions

As closer to the incinerator, the risk perception tend to negative and prevalence of EDs were increased. Carpet, residential area, duration of residence and perception of environmental air pollution around the residential area were associated with prevalence of allergic rhinitis. These results may be useful for the communication with residents to discuss the environmental problems caused by the incinerator.

자원순환시설 주변에 거주하는 주민의 환경성질환에 영향을 주는 위험인식도 및 생활습관
목적
이 연구는 소각장 주변에 거주지역 주민의 위험 인식도, 환경성 질환의 유병률, 환경 질환과 유병률과 관련된 요인을 조사했다.
방법
2020년 자원순환시설 인근에 거주중인 주민 1380명과 대조군 주민 390명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 인구통계학적 특성, 생활습관, 자원순환시설에 대한 인식, 환경성질환 과거력을 확인하였다. 환경성질환 과거력의 지역 간 차이를 확인하기 위해 카이 제곱 검정을 사용하여 분석하였다. 마지막으로 환경성질환 과거력에 영향을 주는 요인을 찾기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다.
결과
자원순환시설에 가까이 거주하는 주민은 대조군에 비해 주변환경 인식도, 자원순환시설에 대한 인식도 항목에서 부정적 인식을 보였다. 설문 조사에서 확인한 알레르기 비염의 과거력은 소각장 근처에 거주할수록 높았다. 알레르기 비염 유병률과 연관된 요인은 카펫 (OR = 1.79 p-value = 0.001), 거주지역, 거주기간 (OR = 1.09, p-value < 0.001) 으로 확인되었다. 거주지역 대기환경이 매우 좋지 않다고 인식하는 주민에서 (OR = 4.21, p-value = 0.02) 알레르기 유병률이 높아진 결과를 보였다.
결론
소각장에 가까이 거주할수록 소각장과 환경에 대한 위험 인식이 부정적으로 나타났고 환경성 질환의 유병률의 증가를 보였다. 카펫 사용, 소각장으로부터의 거리, 거주 기간, 주거 지역 주변의 대기 오염에 대한 인식도는 알레르기성 비염의 유병률과 관련을 보였다. 이 결과는 소각로로 인한 환경문제에 대해 주민들과 소통하는 데 유용할 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effect of distance on risk perception towards waste incineration plants: a comparison between local residents living within 0–3 km versus 3–8 km in Dongguan, Southern China
    Lizhou Zhang, Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
    Environmental Research Communications.2023; 5(11): 115011.     CrossRef
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  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Research Articles
Validation of the Work Engagement Scale-3, used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Maro Choi, Chunhui Suh, Seong Pil Choi, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e27.   Published online July 16, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e27
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Methods

This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ2: 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive.

Conclusions

The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.


Citations

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    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2024; 59(4): 657.     CrossRef
  • Revisitando la Medición del Engagement en el Trabajo: Análisis de las Propiedades Psicométricas del UWES-3
    Clara González-Seda, Ramón Rodríguez-Montalbán, Miguel E. Martínez-Lugo
    Revista Caribeña de Psicología.2024; : e7843.     CrossRef
  • TÜKETİCİLERİN DOĞAL BAL ALGISI VE SATINALMA DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
    Fatih Bilici
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    Mohammed Yasin Ghadi
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    Dong Geon Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Kiook Baek
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Genevieve Southgate, John K. Aderibigbe, Tolulope V. Balogun, Bright Mahembe
    SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xuebing Su, Victor Wong, Charlie Yip
    International Journal of Social Welfare.2023; 32(2): 241.     CrossRef
  • The Association between Working Hours Flexibility and Well-Being Prior to and during COVID-19 in South Korea
    Nataliya Nerobkova, Yu Shin Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Suk-Yong Jang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8438.     CrossRef
  • How Does the Involuntary Choice of Self-Employment Affect Subjective Well-Being in Small-Sized Business Workers? A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
    SangJin Park, Chulyong Park, Joo Hyun Sung
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1011.     CrossRef
  • Structural Equation Model of Work Situation and Work–Family Conflict on Depression and Work Engagement in Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Drivers
    Dong-Seok Shin, Byung-Yong Jeong
    Applied Sciences.2021; 11(13): 5822.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between self-leadership, the future of human resource management, and work engagement
    Cecilia M. Schultz
    SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Korean translation and validation of the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler
Seong Pil Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jae Won Yang, Byung Jin Ye, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Maro Choi
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e17.   Published online August 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e17
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

No tool is available for the multidimensional measurement of workplace well-being among Korean workers. In this study, the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler, a multidimensional workplace well-being measure, was translated into Korean, and its validity and reliability were assessed.

Methods

The Workplace PERMA-Profiler, including the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment domains, was translated according to international guidelines. The questionnaires included the Workplace PERMA-Profiler, Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A total of 316 Korean workers completed a web-based survey with adequate response. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to assess scale reliability, and correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess validity.

Results

Cronbach's alpha values for the Korean Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model had a marginally acceptable fit [χ2(80) = 383.04, comparative fit index = 0.909, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.881, root mean square error of approximation = 0.110, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.054]. The 5-factor PERMA domains were correlated positively with work engagement and mental well-being in life, and negatively with burnout, occupational stressors, and stress responses. These results showed that the Workplace PERMA-Profiler has good convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusions

The Korean version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler had good reliability and validity. It might be used as an indicator or evaluation tool for positive mental health interventions in the workplace.


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The work–life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Korean workers
Jae Won Yang, Chunhui Suh, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:38.   Published online June 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0250-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

It is challenging to balance work and life, and little attention has been paid to the work–life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Koreans. We assessed the association between work–life balance and psychosocial well-being among paid Korean workers.

Methods

This study was based on data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We evaluated only paid workers, which constituted 30,649 of the total of 50,007 subjects surveyed. Poor work–life balance was defined based on the goodness of fit between working hours and social commitments. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization WHO-5 index. Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) with confidence intervals.

Results

Poor work–life balance was associated with poor psychosocial well-being (PR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) even after adjusting for work-related and individual characteristics. Poor well-being was associated with low-level job autonomy (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), working for ≥53 h per week (PR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.14), blue-collar status (PR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.21), low-level support at work (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.36), age ≥ 50 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.26), the female gender (95% CI PR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), and cohabitation (living with somebody) (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12). Good well-being was associated with high-intensity work (PR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), being the secondary earner in a household (PR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85), and higher income (PR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79).

Conclusion

Work–life balance was associated with psychosocial well-being after adjusting for both work-related and individual characteristics.


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Original Articles
Pulmonary Functions and Related Factors in Shipyard Workers
Mi Hee Park, Chun Hui Suh, Chae Gwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):324-332.   Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.324
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors which affect pulmonary function in shipyard workers in order to build a body of basic information that can be used to prevent and manage pulmonary disorders in the future.
METHODS
We studied the respiratory symptoms, smoking history, chest radiographies, and pulmonary functions of 793 workers associated with two shipyards from April 2009 to July 2009. The workers were subdivided into 3 groups by job type: welders, grinders, and machinist-managers. The data was analyzed according to job type and other possible impact factors.
RESULTS
Significant differences among job type were seen with dyspnea and coughing during working hours and in the morning. In pulmonary functions, there were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (except FEV1/FVC%) among job types. Grinders especially showed significantly lower figures in the indices of FEV1, FVC, and MMEF.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary function was significantly lower in grinders. Grinders seem to be affected by exposure to a combination of dust particles (silica, lead, and manganese) and irritant gases in the workplace. These results suggested that workers and health officials should work together to adopt technical preventive measures, such as having well- ventilated work areas and appropriate respiratory protective devices.

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  • Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea
    Ju-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hong Shin, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Medical Professionalism of Occupational and Environmental Physicians in Korea
Seung Hwan Shin, Jong Tae Lee, Min Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chae Kwan Lee, Chun Huii Suh, Shin Ik Kang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):203-212.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.203
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated cognition, core values and attributes of medical professionalism in occupational and environmental physicians, and was conducted to have basic data for suggesting proper role models of occupational and environmental physicians.
METHODS
Perceptions of reality and the priority of professionalism virtues in occupational and environmental medicine were evaluated by using a self-administered questionnaire, completed by 109 occupational and environmental physicians in Korea. The physicians were divided into two sub-groups: the resident group and the board certified specialist group. There are 4 questions about perceptions of reality and survey respondents gave 5-scale scores to each of 10 professionalism virtues in the questionnaire. The statistical significance of the perception difference between two groups was given by a cross tabulation analysis. Priority difference between each 10 professionalism virtue between the two groups was analyzed through Student T-test by using the SPSS 17.0K program. Afterwards, the type of medical professionalism in occupational and environmental medicine was analyzed based on the results of the questionnaire.
RESULTS
This study provided us with the information that specialists had more optimistic views about reality of occupational and environmental medicine than residents. 10 virtues of medical professionalism were listed in the order of priority, highest to lowest. Occupational and environmental physicians valued 'technical competence', 'professional dominance', and 'morality', but 'altruism' had the lowest score.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the occupational and environmental physicians's type of medical professionalism didn't match any of the seven types of medical professionalism from Castellani & Hafferty, although 'empirical type', 'nostalgic type' were partially similar to the occupational and environmental physician's type of medical professionalism. This is assumed because the occupational and environmental medicine field is different from other clinical medicine in terms of the physician's role. Further studies and discussions are necessary for establishing a suitable model of medical professionalism for occupational and environmental physicians.

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  • Perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among Korean occupational physicians
    Junghye Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jong-Tae Lee, Segyeong Lee, Chae-Kwan Lee, Gyeong-Jin Lee, Taekjoong Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kunhyung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Professional Job Perception and Its Related Factors among Medical Recorders engaged in General Hospitals
    Eun-Sook Shin
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(1): 229.     CrossRef
  • Residency programs and the outlook for occupational and environmental medicine in Korea
    Youngil Lee, Jungwon Kim, Yoomi Chae
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Professional Job Perception and Job Satisfaction, and Its Related Factors Among Medical Recorders Engaged in General Hospitals
    Taek-Soo Shin, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4258.     CrossRef
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Cognition and Practice on Medical Information Protection of Iudustrial Health Care Manager of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Soo Jin Jeong, Min Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Goo Rak Chang, Ki Hun Hong, Chun Hui Suh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):53-63.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to know the actual condition and problems of medical information protection at a workplace with the target of industrial health care managers of small and medium-sized enterprises.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was given to industrial health-care managers of 216 enterprises from March 15 to May 17, 2010. The questionnaire was produced by referring to the Act on Personal Information Protection of Public Institutions, etc. This research evaluated agreement of cognition and practice according to 10 items of medical information protection using kappa and cross-analysis of significant factors between cognition and practice of medical information protection and general characteristics.
RESULTS
Cognition about medical information protection appeared to be 85.4-97.1% and its practice appeared to be 44.1-95.3%, so practice was lower than cognition. In addition, the agreement of cognition and practice appeared significantly low (kappa 0.082-0.387). The practice of medical information protection tended to be lower when the managers were older and held a higher job title. Health examination results were being delivered only to workers except for an employer (94.2%), but there were many industrial health-care managers who felt discomfort about their work in group occupational health-care systems (58.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The practice of protecting medical information by industrial health-care managers was clearly lower than the cognition. Therefore, introduction of educational programs about personal information protection and provision of an independent place for group occupational health care service is urgent. In addition, in order to use the health examination results conveniently in group occupational health services, an institutional complement is necessary.

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  • Information Security in Nursing
    Jiwon Kang, GyeongAe Seomun
    Advances in Nursing Science.2021; 44(1): 16.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Sang Park, Kwang Il Kim, Jae Young Soh, Young Ho Hyun, Sae Kyun Jang, Sol Lee, Ga Young Hwang, Hwa Sun Kim
    JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2020; 8(6): e16723.     CrossRef
  • Perception and Performance about Patients' Medical Information Protection in Allied Health College Students
    Seon Young Choi, Do Yeon Lim, Il Sun Ko, In Oh Moon
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  • A Study on Protecting Patients' Privacy of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nurses
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Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Urine Cotinine Levels by Occupation in the Busan, Ulsan, Kyeongnam Provinces
So Ryong Lee, Soo Jin Jeong, Chun Hui Suh, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Jin Heon Lee, Moon Young Hwang, Choong Hee Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):42-52.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.42
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Exposure to second-hand smoke varied by smoking rate in the workplace and no-smoking policies. The purpose of this study was to estimate the status of second-hand smoke exposure by occupation through urine cotinine analysis in Busan, Ulsan, and Kyeongnam provinces.
METHODS
Data was obtained from the National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea as 'The 2008 Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in Human Body'. We selected 629 non-smokers who lived in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam provinces. General and occupational characteristics were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Urine cotinine concentrations were analyzed by a gas chromatograph-mass selective detector. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test, Student t-test and ANOVA.
RESULTS
The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of urine cotinine concentration was 17.11 (2.74) ng/ml. The urine cotinine concentration of the middle school graduate group (18.47 (2.86) ng/ml) was higher than the college graduate group (15.64 (2.60) ng/ml, p=0.212). Also, the cotinine concentration of current drinkers (18.98 (2.47) ng/ml) was higher than non-drinkers (16.15 (2.88) ng/ml, p=0.054). The proportion who smelled smoke was higher in workers (38.5%) than in non-workers (29.7%, p=0.02). Therefore, urine cotinine concentration was higher in workers (17.29 (2.66) ng/ml) than in non-workers (16.97 (2.81) ng/ml) but not at a statistically significant amount (p=0.826). In addition, cotinine concentration between the group who smelled smoke (20.45 (2.42) ng/ml) and the group who did not smelled smoke (15.53 (2.78) ng/ml) was significantly different (p=0.016) in workers but not in non-workers (17.08 (2.42) ng/ml vs 16.92 (2.98) ng/ml, p=0.942). According to the National Center for Health Statistics occupational categories in the US and the Korea Standard Classification of Occupations, the urine cotinine concentration of white collar workers such as technical workers and administrators, professional specialists, and managers was higher (18.01 (2.55) ng/ml) than that of blue collar workers such as plant and machine operators and assemblers, elementary occupations, and craft and related trades workers (15.36 (3.48) ng/ml).
CONCLUSIONS
The workplace is an important contributor to second-hand smoke exposure in Busan, Ulsan and Kyeongnam provinces. Unlike in advanced countries, where anti-smoking policies have been implemented, urine cotinine concentration in people in Busan, Ulsan and Kyeongnam provinces was higher in the white collar group than in the blue collar group. This result might be due to a higher indoor second-hand smoking rate of workplaces in these areas. Further studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between regional characteristics of industries, anti-smoking policies in the workplace, smoking rates and urine cotinine concentrations of workers.

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  • Differences in Oral Health and Generalized Anxiety Disorder According to Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places
    Yu-Rin Kim, Kyeung-Ae Jang
    Behavioral Sciences.2023; 13(6): 455.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Serum Cotinine Cut-Off to Distinguish Smokers From Nonsmokers in the Korean Population
    Kiwoong Ko, Min-Jung Kwon, Song-Hyun Yang, Chul-Jin Moon, Eun Hee Lee, Hee-Yeon Woo, Hyosoon Park
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2016; 36(5): 427.     CrossRef
  • Decline in non-smoking workers’ urine cotinine levels after increased smoking regulation in Korea
    Ju-Hyoung Park, Chae-Kwan Lee, Se-Yeong Kim, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jong-Tae Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Wookhee Choi, Hosub Im
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The Actual Implementing Status of the Preplacement Medical Examination after the Annulment of the Preemployment Medical Examination
Chunhui Suh, Jong Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chang Hee Lee, Hui Dong Kim, Jin Hong Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):174-181.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.174
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the status of the preplacement medical examination after the revision of the industrial safety and health law on Oct. 7, 2005 by the Ministry of Labor.
METHODS
Preplacement medical certificates of 6,507 recruits issued by two hospitals in Busan, Kyeongnam Province from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2006 were reviewed. Telephone interviews were performed to the recruits with disease and self-reported questionnaires were administrated to health and safety personnel from May 1 to Sep. 30, 2007.
RESULTS
Interviews were conducted with 185(56.1%) recruits with disease, 51(27.4%) of whom were rejected for employment due to the preplacement medical certificate. The questionnaire survey for the health and safety personnel revealed that 39(22.9%) personnel were unaware of the annulment of the preemployment medical examination. Eighty(48.8%) of the health and safety personnel answered that they performed a preplacement medical examination after employment, and 63(37.3%) made a practical application of the workers' placement. The recruits with chronic conditions were refused employment: 20 (11.8%) due to hypertension, 21(12.4%) diabetes mellitus and 22(13.0%) hyperlipidemia. The recruits with work-related diseases were also refused employments: 76(44.4%) due to lumbar spine abnormality and 75(43.8%) hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the annulment of the pre-employment medical examination, a preplacement medical examination was often used to discriminate among healthy and diseased recruits. Employers must respect the law for the point of time of the preplacement medical examination and the payment of cost. The government should publicize the revision of the objectives of the law. We suggest that health professionals elucidate the job fitness through the development of the assessment tools and maintain the confidentiality of recruits.

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  • Perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among Korean occupational physicians
    Junghye Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jong-Tae Lee, Segyeong Lee, Chae-Kwan Lee, Gyeong-Jin Lee, Taekjoong Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kunhyung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of university students' approach to health information on improvement of health behavior
    Seung-Dae Kim, Myung-gwan Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3268.     CrossRef
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Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms of Municipal Fire Officers in Busan.
Sung Hoon Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Byung Chul Son, Jeong Ho Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Sang Hwan Jang, Chae Kwan Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):103-111.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.103
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between respiratory disorders and fire exposure by investigating and analyzing the lung function and respiratory symptoms of firefighters.
METHODS
The health effects of firefighting on respiratory function were investigated in 699 male fire officers in 4 fire departments in Busan by recording respiratory symptoms and measuring lung function. The data were analysed according to fire exposure and smoking habits.
RESULTS
Mean spirometric data showed significantly decreased levels in the fire-exposed group (FVC, -0.20 L; FVC%, -4.2%; FEV(1) -0.21 L; FEV(1)%, -5.1%; FEF25%, -0.13 L/SEE p<0.05). After stratification by smoking habits, FVC and FEV(1) showed a significant difference between groups. The prevalence of spirometric abnormality was greater for the fire-exposed group than for the non-exposed group. Significantly higher prevalences of nasal stiffness (16.7% vs. 10.9%), sore throat (17.7% vs.14.2%) and chest tightness (6.5% vs. 2.5%) were recorded in firefighters compared to controls (p<0.05). However, after stratification by smoking habits, the 3 symptoms were showed only marginal differences in the smoking group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that fire-exposed firefighters generally suffer a decline of lung function and a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. These results suggest that the exposure to routine firefighting activity is associated with adverse health effects to the respiratory system.

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    Ho-Jung Kang, Sung-Ho Byun, Chul-Hwan Mun, Yu-Jung Choi, Jae-Wook Choi
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  • Related factors for preserving firefighter's pulmonary function
    Seonggyu Kim, Ye-eun Jeon, Hyeseung Ryu, Mi-Young Lee, Insung Chung
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  • Effects of Environmental Air Pollution on Pulmonary Function Level of Residents in Korean Industrial Complexes
    Eunju Hong, Seokwon Lee, Geun-Bae Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hyoung-Wook Kim, Kyoungho Lee, Bu-Soon Son
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(5): 834.     CrossRef
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    Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
    Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure and its Pulmonary Function Effects
    Yong-Jin Lee, Da-Hye Kim, Soo-Hwan Kim, Jeong-Soo Kim, Dong-Chun Shin, Young-Wook Lim
    Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment.2016; 32(5): 457.     CrossRef
  • Muscuoloskeletal Disorders of Korean Fire Fighters: Applicants for Public Worker's Compensation from 2011 to 2013
    Jangwhon Yoon
    Fire Science and Engineering.2016; 30(3): 133.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, Awareness and Health Risk Concerns on Occupational Exposure to Radiation among Firefighters in Korea
    Hyeongyeong Lee, Hyeongwan Yoon, Jeongim Park
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 516.     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea
    Ju-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hong Shin, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An Ergonomic Analysis for Heavy Manual Material Handling Jobs by Fire Fighters
    Su-Jung Im, Jong-Tae Park, Seo-Yeon Choi, Dong-Hyun Park
    Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering.2013; 27(3): 85.     CrossRef
  • Health Hazards in Firefighters
    Kyoo Sang Kim
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 296.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Health and Fitness for Work of Firefighters
    Inah Kim, Jaechul Sung
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1078.     CrossRef
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Gene Expression Analysis in Basal Ganglia of Manganese-Exposed Rat Based on cDNA Array
Chae Kwan Lee, Noh Sung Min, Deog Hwan Moon, Jeong Ho Kim, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):352-364.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.352
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis.
METHODS
For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg B.W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ml) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reversetranscribed in the presence of [alpha32P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array II and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression.
RESULTS
Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twentyeight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose (0.2 mg/kg B.W./day).
CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

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Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

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  • Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers
    Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552.     CrossRef
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    Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(3): 205.     CrossRef
  • Gender-related Factors Associated with Upper Extremity Function in Workers
    Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Gi Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 158.     CrossRef
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Effects of Toluene on the Expression of Placental PRL-GH Family Genes and Reproduction in the Rat
Byong Soo Choe, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):262-275.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.262
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the toxic effects of toluene on the placental functions and reproductionin the rat. In this study, the expression of placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) and Pit-1 genes, the frequency of placental trophoblast cells, and the reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
The pregnancy of the Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) was determined by verifying the presence of the copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear and the day on which this was observed was defined as pregnancy day 0. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups. The control group was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with sesame oil, and the other two groups were given either 150 or 750 mg/kg BW/day of toluene resuspended in sesame oil during pregnancy days 7-11 and 16-20. The rats from the three experimental groups were sacrificed on pregnancy days 11 and 20, respectively. The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH, Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The hormonal concentration was analyzed by Radioimmunoassay. The frequency of the placental trophoblast cells was determined by means of a histochemical study. Reproductive data, such as the placenta and infnat weight, pregnancy period and litter size were surveyed at pregnancy day 20 and after birth. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH family genes were reduced in a linear fashion by exposure to toluene. The mRNA levels of the Pit-1a and b isotype genes, which induce the expression of the PRL-GH family genes, were also reduced by exposure to toluene. The placental lactogen Iv and II concentrations in the rat placenta, fetus and maternal blood were also decreased by exposure to toluene. During the last stage of gestation, exposure to a high dose of toluene reduced the frequency of the spongiotrophoblast cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. Reproductive data such as the placenta and infant weight, and litter size were reduced, and the pregnancy period was extended in the toluene exposed group as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Toluene disrupts the PRL-GH hormone metabolism in the rat placenta and this leads to reproductive disorder.

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Effects of Cadmium on Placental Function and Reproduction in Rats
Jin Hong Ahn, Kwang Soo Ko, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Ho Chun, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):236-249.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.236
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on placental function and reproduction in rats. For this study, the mRNA levels of the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) gene family, placental trophoblast cell frequemcy and reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
Pregnant F344 Fisher rats (200 g+/-23 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of cadmium (CdCl2) dissolved in saline from days 7-11 or 16-20 of pregnancy, and were sacrificed at days 11 or 20, respectively. The mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hormone concentration was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and the frequemcy of the placental trophoblast cells was observed by histochemical study. Reproductive data were surveyed at day 20 of the pregnancy and after the births. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH gene family were reduced dose dependently by cadmium. The mRNA levels of Pit-1a and -b isotype genes were also reduced by cadmium. The hormone concentration of PL-Iv and -II was decreased by cadmium. During the second half of pregnancy (days 11-21), a high dose of cadmium exposure significantly reduced the frequency of spongiotrophoblast and trophoblast giant cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. In the last stage of pregnancy (day 20), a high dose of cadmium exposure induced the apoptosis of spon-giotrophoblast cells in the junctional zone of the placenta. Reproductive data such as placental and infant weight, number of live fetuses were decreased, and number of resorptions and dead fetuses, post-implantation loss were increased significantly in the cadmium exposed group compared with the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Cadmium disrupts the functions of the placenta and these effects leads to reproductive disorders in rats.

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Case Report
A Case of Lung Injury due to Acute Exposure to Oxides of Nitrogen
Jeong Ho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chang Hee Lee, Jung Won Kim, Doeg Hwan Moon, Chae Un Lee, Joo In Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):302-309.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.302
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Lung injuries due to exposure to nitrogen oxides can occur in various process in industry. We experienced a case of chemical pneumonitis induced by accidental inhalation of nitrogen oxides emitted from the bath in an acid dipping operation.
CASE
Dyspnea, cough and blood-tinged sputum production, cyanosis, and tachypnea occurred after exposure to oxides of nitrogen. There were bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities in simple chest radiography and high resolutional computed tomography, hypoxemia in arterial blood gas analysis, mixed ventilation defect and reduced diffusion capacity in spirometry. As an oxygen and supportive therapy, after hospitalization, was given, the patient recovered completely from the lung injury on the 8th day after admission. There was no evidence of delayed onset of bronchiolitis obliterance or pulmonary edema in a follow-up for about 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Acid dip operation require more efficient hooding and exhausting system for the prevention of lung injuries caused by inhalation of nitrogen oxides. Also health education for worker need.

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Original Article
Manganese Exposure and its Health Hazards of Welders
Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dong Mug Kang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):476-491.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.476
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In order to evaluate the degree of manganese exposure and its health hazards effect on welders in manufacturing industry.
METHODS
The author measured airborne, blood and urine concentrations of manganese and blood chemistry, and also observed clinical symptoms and signs on 60 welders for case an.d 60 non-welders for control working in manufacturing industry by age maching method.
RESULTS
The geometric means of blood and urine concentrations of manganese were 1.13 +/- 1.38 microgram /dI and 2.52 +/- 1.37 microgram /I for Welders group, 1.09 +/- 1.68 microgram /dl and 1.86 +/- 1.34 microgram / I for Non-welders group. Airborne concentration of manganese was 0. 15 +/- 1.66 mg/m3 for exposured group, and the urinary mean concentration of manganese was statistically significant difference between exposured and non-welders group (P < 0.05). Clinical signs in welders group were palmomentle reflex (23.3%), tremor (20.0%) and grabellar sign (5.0%). Symptoms in welders group were fatigue (66.7%), amnesia (66.7%), excessive sweating (51.7%), nervousness (51.7%), general weakness (48. 3%) and arthralgia (46.7%) and so on, and there was statistically significant difference compared to non-welders group (P<0.05). Manganese exposure effects on blood chemistry were not observed. There were statistically significant correlation between manganese concent- ration in blood and urine (r=0. 269), airborne and urine (r=0. 601) and airborne and blood (r=0. 268).
CONCLUSION
The author suggest that further studies are followed to evaluate the health status of welders whose blood and urine manganese concentrations were below normal reference level, and to establish the questionnaire and the diagnostic tools for early detecting the chronic manganese poisioning on welders.

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  • State-of-the-Science Review: Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk?
    Annette B. Santamaria, Colleen A. Cushing, James M. Antonini, Brent L. Finley, Fionna S. Mowat
    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2007; 10(6): 417.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A Case of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Combined with Asbestosis in a Boilermaker and Plumber
Dong Mug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Byung Chul Son, Joo In Kim, Jae Chul Woo, Jong Tae Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):610-617.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.610
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diffuse mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum are considered "signal tumors" of asbestos exposure. Although asbestos use in Korea started before the national liberation, it rose abruptly with economic development in 1970's. Considering latent period of mesotheliomas as twenty years, occupational mesothelioma cases would increase rapidly. In Korea construction is a major industry which use asbestos. Because workers in construction industry are mostly composed of daily based workers, it is hard to calculate the number of workers involving asbestos related work, to manage them with organized method, to educate them about adverse effects of asbestos and protection methods, to check health status of them periodically, and to follow them up. Although a case of occupational mesothelioma which was found in a asbestos textile worker have been reported, no case related with construction workers have been reported so far in Korea. The authors experienced occupational malignant pleural mesothelioma combined with asbestosis in a boilermaker and plumber in a construction industry.

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    Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea
    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
  • Compensation and Diagnosis of Asbestos Related Disease
    Soo-Geun Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(5): 335.     CrossRef
  • Health Effects of Environmental Asbestos Exposure
    Dong-Mug Kang
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2009; 35(2): 71.     CrossRef
  • Three Cases of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Misdiagnosed as Tuberculous Pleurisy
    Ki Uk Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Woo Sung Jo, Ji Seok Lee, Hye Kyung Park, Yun Seong Kim, Min Ki Lee, Hoseok I, Yeong Dae Kim, Chang Hun Lee
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2007; 62(4): 323.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relating Factors of Industrial Accident
Dae Suk Ko, Soon Suk Choi, Soo Jin Jung, Jun Han Park, Hun Lee, Byung Chul Son, Sang Hwa Urm, Chae Un Lee, Ki Taek Bae, Jin Ho Chun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):99-108.   Published online February 28, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.99
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to estimate the causing factors of industrial accident, and to prepare the fittable control program for accident through the evaluation of views of the patients who suffered from accidents. From January 5 to February 6 1993, questionnaire survey was executed on 166 persons who were injured and covered by the insurance under industrial accident compensation law at four university hospitals in Pusan. The results were as follows : 1. Most of subjects worked in the manufacturing (56.6%) and construction(29.5%), and in the small factory less than 49 workers(56.0%). They were thirties and forties(63.8%), less than 3 years tenure(53.6%), habitual drinker(69.2%). And, 72.3% worked for above 9 hours per day, 53.6% worked as near clerks, 89.2% thought that work is rather suitable to his own personality. 2. Self-recognition for the causing factor of industrial accident was the other's malfunction(19.3%), carelessness(15.1%), lack of education for safety(15.1%), and they thought the accident occurred by mainly some defect of establishment and working environment(34.9%), unskillfulness(22.9%), self-carelessness(22.3%). 3. The interests and recognition on safety was insufficient, 88.6% require job education, but 53% pointed out the necessity for strengthening of present status-rather incomplete with relying on self-education (40.9%), no previous participation in safety education (29.5%), etc. 4. For the kind of accident, fall-down(16.3%), crash(13.3%), falling(12.7%) was frequent, head(24.7%) and fracture(41.0%) was frequent for the part and type of injury, respectively. And, they had more injured by cooperative work (82.5%) than single work. As results, improvement of working environment and strengthening education program would be emphasized for the effective control of industrial accident. And, there should be prepared the specific prevention program for the small scale industries.

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    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2017; 29(6): 1089.     CrossRef
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    Wook-Sung Kim, Young-Bok Cho, Seok-Jae Kim, Kyong-Jin Ryu, Yoo-Won Lee
    Journal of the Korean society of Fisheries Technology.2014; 50(4): 614.     CrossRef
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