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Original Article
- Bone and Blood Lead Levels of Middle Aged Koreans not Occupationally Exposed to Lead
- Nam Soo Kim, Sung Woo Choi, Jin Ho Kim, Jung O Ham, Hae Yoon Park, Kyu Dong Ahn, Byung Kook Lee
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):285-292. Published online December 31, 2007
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.285
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Abstract
PDF - OBJECTIVES
In order to investigate the level and the association between bone lead and blood lead levels of non-occupationally, lead-exposed Koreans, the authors studied the lead biomarkers of 137 middle aged Koreans (86 males and 51 females) older than whose age were above 40 years.
METHODS
The tibia lead level was selected as the bone lead indicator of cortical bone, and the blood lead level was also measured. The tibia lead level was measured by K-shell XRF with 30-minute measurement of each subjects. The blood lead level was analyzed by AAS method.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) of the tibia lead level of the 137 study subjects was 3.49 (4.99) microgram/g, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of tibia lead level in male subjects (was 3.90 (4.88) microgram/g) and larger than in that of female subjects (2.80 (5.14) microgram/g), but without no statistical significance was observed. The mean (SD) of blood lead level of all total subjects was 3.70 (1.35)microgram/dl, and tended to be higher. The mean (SD) of blood lead level in male subjects (was 3.93 (1.25) microgram/dl) and larger than in that of female subjects (3.30 (1.42) microgram/dl), but without no statistical significance was observed. In multiple regression analysis of blood lead levels after adjusting for covariates, age was a significant independent variable. A weak association of age with tibia lead in female subjects was also observed in multiple regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
The mean (SD) of tibia and blood lead levels of middle aged Koreans whose ages were over 40 years old were 3.49 (4.99) microgram/g and 3.70 (1.35) microgram/dl, respectively. Age and sex were positive predictors of blood lead level in multiple regression analysis after controlling for the covariates. However, in multiple regression analysis whereas age was weakly association with tibia lead level only in female subjects in multiple regression analysis. -
Citations
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- Blood lead concentration and related factors in Korea from the 2008 National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body
Seong Wook Jeong, Chae Kwan Lee, Chun Hui Suh, Kun Hyung Kim, Byung Chul Son, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Soo Woong Lee, Yeong Beom Park, Jong Wha Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Chan Seok Moon, Dae Hwan Kim, Sang Yoon Lee
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2014; 217(8): 871. CrossRef - National estimates of blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels in the Korean general adult population
Nam-Soo Kim, Byung-Kook Lee
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2011; 84(1): 53. CrossRef
- Blood lead concentration and related factors in Korea from the 2008 National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body
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Original Article
- The Effect of ALAD Polymorphism on the Relationship of Blood and Bone Lead with Hematologic Biomarkers in Lead Exposed Workers
- Hwa Sung Kim, Sung Soo Lee, Yong Bae Kim, Young Hwangbo, Gap Soo Lee, Kyu Dong Ahn, Bong Ki Jang, Byung Kook Lee
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):75-86. Published online March 31, 2001
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.75
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of ALAD polymorphism on the relationship of blood and bone lead with hematologic biomarkers in lead exposed workers, 450 lead exposed workers and 85 non-lead exposed workers were selected.
METHODS
Blood lead and tibia bone lead were selected as parameters of lead exposure and blood ZPP, urinary ALA (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were chosen as parameters of hematologic effect of lead exposure. Genotype of each subject was assayed and expressed as ALAD1 and ALAD2. Demographic information such as sex, age and personal habit of smoking and drinking were collected. Job duration of lead exposed workers was also obtained.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2 in lead exposed workers was 9.6 %(43 out of 450 lead workers) which was not differed from control workers (9.4 % : 8 out of 85). The means of tibial lead and blood ZPP in lead workers with ALAD2 were lower than those of lead workers with ALAD1, but the differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting for possible confounders (sex, job duration, BMI, drinking and smoking status) only blood lead and bone lead contributed negatively to the level of hemoglobin with statistical significance without any contribution of ALAD genotype. On the other hand, no significant effect of blood lead, bone lead and ALAD genotype were observed on the level of hematocrit after controlling possible confounder. ALAD genotype in the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and bone lead with log transformed urinary ALA (LogALAU) after adjusting for possible confounders showed significant main and interaction effect on LogALAU simultaneously, which resulted lower LogALAU in lead exposed workers of ALAD2 than ALAD1. It was also observed only main effect of ALAD gene type on blood ZPP after adjusting possible confounder resulting lower ZPP in lead workers of ALAD2 than ALAD1.
CONCLUSIONS
With above results, it was found that ALAD polymorphism did not affect on the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit, but ALAD polymorphism made significant effect on the association of blood and bone lead with urinary ALA and blood ZPP. The lower urinary ALA and blood ZPP in ALAD2 lead workers suggested that ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.
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