Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Articles

Maternal working hours and smoking and drinking in adolescent children: based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII: Tae-Hwi Park, Yong-Duk Ahn, Jeong-Bae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e25. Published online August 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e25

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Adolescent smoking and drinking are influenced by parental supervision. This study aimed to investigate the gap in adolescent smoking and drinking experience rates and age at initiation according to maternal working hours.

Methods

Data from 1,580 adolescents aged 12–18 years and 1,172 working mothers of double-parent or single-mother households were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI & VII data. Figures on adolescents' smoking and drinking rates and their ages at imitation were used. Maternal working hours were divided into < 40 hours, 40–52 hours, and > 52 hours to analyze whether smoking and drinking experience rates and age at initiation differ according to maternal working hours and by the child's sex. Maternal age, education level, household income, occupation, shift work, current smoking status, monthly drinking frequency and child's obesity, stress recognition and depressive mood were adjusted for in the statistical analyses.

Results

The odds for adolescents' smoking behavior were significantly higher with increasing maternal working hours in boys but not in girls. The odds for adolescents' drinking behavior were not significantly higher in both boys and girls. Regardless of the child's sex, there were no significant differences in the age of smoking and drinking initiation according to maternal working hours.

Conclusions

Adolescents of mothers who work long hours are at a higher risk of being exposed to smoking. Thus, our society needs to share the burden of raising children, which is concentrated on women, and employers and governments should support policies that can help prevent long working hours.

어머니의 근로시간에 따른 청소년 자녀의 음주 및 흡연 경험율과 시작 연령 차이 : 제 6, 7기(2013-2018) 국민건강영양조사(Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 자료를 바탕으로
목적
청소년의 흡연이나 음주는 부모의 감독에 영향을 받는다고 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 어머니의 근로시간에 따라서 청소년의 흡연 및 음주 경험율과 시작 연령에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다.
방법
국민건강영양조사 제6, 7기(KNHANES VI & VII)의 자료에서 만 12-18세의 청소년이고, 어머니가 직업이 있으며, 가족 구성이 ‘부부의 자녀’ 혹은 ‘편모의 자녀’ 인 경우를 선별하여 총 1,580명의 자녀와 1,172명의 어머니를 대상자로 선정하였다. 설문 문항을 통해 청소년 자녀의 흡연, 음주 경험과 첫 시작 연령을 조사하였다. 어머니의 근로시간은 40시간 미만, 40-52시간, 52시간 초과로 구분하여 자녀의 성별에 따라 흡연 및 음주 경험율, 시작 연령에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 통계분석시 어머니의 연령, 학력, 가구소득, 교대근무 여부, 현재 흡연 여부, 월간 음주율, 자녀의 비만, 우울감, 스트레스 여부를 보정하였다.
결과
어머니의 근로시간이 증가할수록 자녀가 흡연을 경험할 오즈비가 아들은 유의미하게 높았고, 딸은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 음주를 경험할 오즈비는 아들과 딸 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 성별에 관계없이 어머니의 근로시간에 따른 자녀의 흡연, 음주 시작연령은 유의미한 차이가 없었다.
결론
장시간 근로를 하는 어머니를 둔 아들은 흡연을 경험할 위험성이 더 높다. 따라서 우리 사회는 여성에게 집중된 자녀 양육의 부담을 분담해야 하며, 고용주와 정부는 장시간 노동을 방지할 수 있는 정책을 지원해야 한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review
Sung Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(5): 232. CrossRef

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The Relationship between Alcohol Use and Job Stress among Firemen: Kyung Hwa Kang, Kang Sook Lee, Suk Il Kim, Kwang Ho Meng, Hyun Sook Hong, Chun Hwa Jeong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):401-412. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.401

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To establish the relationship between alcohol use and job stress among firemen, and to develop a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and the prevention of problem drinking.
METHODS
Data was collected from July to August, 2000. Study subjects included 97 rescue workers, 97 emergency medical personnel, 179 fire extinguishers, 116 administrators and 49 others.
RESULTS
The firemen displayed higher scores of stress due to promotion-related pressures and salary. We found significant differences in job internal factors, job role, interpersonal relationship, organizational norm, work environment and stress outcome among the various jobs. Job internal factors, job stress factors, personal characteristics, coping skills, and stress outcome were higher in heavy drinkers compared with the light and moderate drinkers. Job internal factors and smoking habit showed a positive correlation with the amount of drinking, although coping skill, exercise frequency and monthly income showed a negative relation with the amount consumed.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that alcohol drinking is associated with job stress. This suggests that a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and problem drinking prevention and control should be developed.

Citations

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Psychiatry Research.2022; 314: 114688. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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