OBJECTIVES Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. METHODS Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is a well-defined clinical entity and EMG and NCV is used to confirm a diagnosis. But the diagnosis is typically not considered until patients develop severe weakness secondary to atrophy of the spinous musculature that the nerve supplies. RESULTS A narrow suprascapular notch has rarely been reported as a work-related factor of this entrapment neuropathy. Diagnosis of suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is based on the patients' clinical course, neurologic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic findings. One of the most helpful evaluations was the anteriorposterior projection with the X-ray tube angled 15-30 degree caudally. The suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is relatively uncommon entity of shoulder discomfort (pain, weakness, and atrophy). CONCLUSIONS If the worker who used his shoulder joint repetitiously having the shoulder pain and muscle weakness, we must rule out the suprascapular entrapment neuropathy. And it is needed to evaluate the motions which cause suprascapular entrapment neuropathy as the ergonomic factor.
Objective: Injury to the airway, found in 25% to 35% of patients admitted to major burn center, is now the leading cause of death in burn patients. Significant inhalation injury can increase the patient mortality rates by up to 20%. Toxic compounds in smoke can include phosgene, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine from plastics and various oxides and aldehydes from burning wood. These compound directly injure airway epithe hal cells, causing an intense inflammatory response with significant edema. After the critical problem is controlled with intensive care in inhalation burn patients, less critical but significant laryngeal function such as protection, phonation and deglutition may often be overlooked. METHOD & RESULT: We have experienced a male patient who was injured by inhalation of toxic compound in ship under cohstruction. He have suffered from pulmonary problem, bronchiohitis obhiterans. Voice disorder was assessed and managed by otolaryngologists after resolving the pulmonary lesion. CONCLUSION Evaluation and treatment of patients suspected of inhalation injury should include anatomical and functional aspects of the larynx as well as critical problem of the airway.
Objective : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. METHODS At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regres sion analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. RESULTS In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker (P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical activfty with, heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that copper, zinc and eeruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.
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Assessment of reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in a selected Italian population Beatrice Bocca, Roberto Madeddu, Yolande Asara, Paola Tolu, Juan A. Marchal, Giovanni Forte Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2011; 25(1): 19. CrossRef
OBJECTIVES Apotosis induced by metals and metal-related deleterious conditions has only recently been studied. Although the toxic effects of heavy metal are well described, little is known about the mechanism of apoptosis by heavy metal toxicity. This study is designed to define the induction of apoptosis by which heavy metals exert the cytotoxic effect on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. Methods After the incubation with CdC12, Na2SeO3 and HgC12, viability of the cells were measured by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by electrophoresis. For measurement of caspase 1 and 3-like proteases activity, the whole lysates were subjected to the proteolytic cleavage and then measured by using fluorospectrometry. c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was detected by an in vitro kinase assay. Transcriptional activities of activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) were measured by elec trophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS Cadmium (l2OuiN/I) and selenium (30,iM) induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells which is characterized by the ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. Cadmium and selenium induce the activation of caspase-3 in a time dependent manner. They also increase the phosphotransferase activities of c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) in cadmium and selenium treated HL-60 cells. Furthermore, cadmium and selenium increase the activation of transcriptional factors including AP-i and NF-kB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cadmium and selenium induce the apoptotic death of HL-60 cells via activation of DEVD-specific caspase, JNK and transcriptional factors such as AP-1 and NF-kB.
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to describe the distribution patterns of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2naphthol concentration in coke oven workers and workers not occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and to determine the effects of occupation life style, and genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione Stransferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) on urinary 1- OHP and 2-naphthol concentration. METHODS The study subjects were 19 coke oven workers and 156 shipyard workers. A questionnaire was used to obtain data about detailed smoking and food intake history. Urinary 1OHP and 2naphthol concentration and genetic polymorphism of CYPIA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were analyzed. RESULTS The urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol concentration was higher in the coke oven workers and in smokers. Urinary 1-OHP concentration was significantly correlated with time after last intake of roasted meat in non-smoking coke oven workers, whereas urinary 2-naphthol concentration was with amount of cigarette smoking at the sampling day in smoking shipyard workers. Urinary 1-OHP, but not 2-naphthol, concentration of the shipyard workers with Ile/Ile type of CYP1A1 vas significantly lower than that of the shipyard workers with other CYP1A1 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 1-OHP would be a better marker for occupational exposure to PAH in coke oven workers, and urinary 2naphthol might be better for non-occupational inhalation exposure to PAH. CYP1A1 would not play an important role in the metabolism of naphthalene but in the metabolism of pyrene.
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1-Hydroxypyrene and oxidative stress marker levels among painting workers and office workers at shipyard Younglim Kho, Eun-Hee Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Kyungho Choi, Domyung Paek, Sangshin Park International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2015; 88(3): 297. CrossRef
A study of the status of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in relation to its metabolites among workers in a Korean chemical factory Kwan Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Heon Kim Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2014; 19(12): 4809. CrossRef
1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure among subjects living in two separate regions from a steel mill Mi-Sun Lee, Ki-Do Eum, Kyung-Duk Zoh, Tak-Soo Kim, Yun-Suk Pak, Domyung Paek International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2007; 80(8): 671. CrossRef
Objectives ; This study was conducted to reveal the health effects of aircraft noise on the residents live near the military airport. METHODS We sampled systematically 87 residents as the high exposed group, 58 residents as the low exposed group according to the geographical distance from the airport. We also sampled 67 residents as the control group lived far from the airport. Noise levels were measured for conform the exposures. Self-administered questionnaires for symptoms, air conduction hearing threshold level, blood pressure blood cholesterol with health examinations, and SCL-90-R were introduced to get the data from the residents. RESULTS The Ld/n at the area near the airport was 72.4 dB, however that of control area was 67. 7 dB. The value of pure tone average, high pure tone average, and threshold of 4,000 Hz were decreased with exposure level significantly. Linear regression analysis showed that the noise exposure level of the airport was related to the hearing threshold at pure tone average, threshold of 4,000 Hz, and high pure tone average. The systemic and diastolic blood pressure showed dose-response relationship with noise exposure. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in exposed group, but not statistically significant. In linear regression, noise level was related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure with other variables such as age, sex, BMI (Body Mass Index), and family history of hypertension. SCL-90-R showed that exposed group had higher score significantly in neurotic and psychologic variable and felt the various somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aircraft noise would influence hearing loss at low frequencies as well as 4,000 Hz and higher frequencies, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and psychological response.
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Study on the Health Status of the Residents near Military Airbases in Pyeongtaek City Hyunjoo Kim, Sangchul Roh, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ki Chung Paik, Moo-Yong Rhee, Jae-Yun Jeong, Myung Ho Lim, Mi-Jin Koo, Chang-Hoon Kim, Hae Young Kim, Jeong-Hun Lim, Dong-Hyun Kim Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(5): 307. CrossRef
OBJECTIVES It is known that the high fibrogenecity of particles is connected with their cytotoxicity for macrophages. Although the molecular mechanism leading to fiber-induced fiber-induced cytotoxicity is still not clear, several mechanism have been suggested. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from activated alveolar macrophages (AM) by dust have been suggested as a possible mechanism of particle-induced cell damage. But the mechanism which man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) induces the production of ROS in AM is still not clear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from alveolar treated with refractory ceramic fiber (RF2) or rock wool (RW1) and signal transduction path-way of ROS production in RF2 or RW1 exposed AM. METHODS We investigated LDH release from MMVF-stimulated AM for index of cytotoxicity. To determine what kind of signal transduction pathways are involved in MMVF-stimulated ROS generation, we used some drugs which have an effect on the signal transduction pathway. RESULTS RF2 and RW1 induced increase of LDH release with dose-dependent manner with RF2 having greater effect than RW1. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of ROS by RF2 or RW1. At all level of concentration,. RF2 induced more ROS production than RW1. Inhibitors of PKC (bisindolylmaleimide), PLC (U73122 and neomycine) and PTK (genistein and erbstatin) suppressed RF2 or RW1-induced ROS production. CONCLUSION There was significant correlation between LDH release and ROS production from AM treated with RF2 or RW1. RF2 and RW1 induced ROS generation through protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC) and protein tyrosin kinase (PTK) pathways.
OBJECTIVES Urinary hippuric acid levels have been usually determined to ' evaluate workers exposed to toluene. Food and drink intake could affect urinary hippuric acid excretion and this study was carried out to investigate what kinds of food and drink would affect urinary hippuric acid excretion. METHODS The subjects were 136 medical school students. Authors measured urinary hippuric acid levels three times from 10 a. m. to noon; before, one hour after and two hours after food or drink-intake, and they were asked not to eat from the previous night (9 p. m) of testing. We selected six diets (bread and coffee, brown sauce noodle, Korean style meal, noodle, pork'galbi and rice and soybean stew and rice), six fruits (apple, grape, orange, pear, persimmon and plum) and five beverages (Alps-D(R), Demisoda(R), Orange juice(R), Pear juice(R) and Pocari sweat(R)). Analysis of urinary hippuric acid was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Intake of popular Korean diets, fruits and some drinks didn' t affect urinary hippuric acid excretion. But intake of sodium benzoate-contained Alps-D(R) increased urinary hippuric acid excretion. CONCLUSIONS For the health examination on workers exposed to toluene, the history of diet and fruit intake can be negligible, but that of beverage intake should be included.
OBJECTIVES In order to find determinants on occurrence of hypertension in the adult male workers in an industry, a nested case-control study was performed in Seoul, Korea at the periodic health examination center. METHODS A cohort was formed with 1,690 normotensive male workers in 1996 and 1997, who had participated in three consecutive periodic health examinations from 1996 through 1998. Cases were 89 hypertensives in 1998, controls were 356 selected by 1:4 age-matching among 1,601 normotensives in 1998. Baseline health behavior (drinking smoking, exercise), baseline health examination data (height, weight, BMI, blood pressure. hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, serum total cholesterol), and the changes of data during the study period were compared between case and controls. And multiple logistic regression was performed to find determinants on occurrence of hypertension. RESULTS There was significant difference in alcohol consumption amount, baseline weight, DM1, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and hemoglobin level. The main determinants on occurrence of hypertension from multiple logistic regression analysis were baseline systolic blood pressure (OR, 1. 13; 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.18%), 15-21 drinks per week (OR, 4.17; 95 % confidence interval 1.44-12.11), and 22 or more drinks per week (OR, 5.29; 95 % confidence interval 1.50-18.58). CONCLUSIONS This study showed the importance of baseline blood pressure level and adequate drinking habit for the management of hypertension.
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate the stage of behavior change for health promotion strategy in workplace METHODS: Questionnaire survey was carried out for 309 workers who employed in H Electronics company in Kyongin area from September to October 1998. RESULTS According to need assessment of four step such as precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, action stage, maintenance stage which were to change of behavior for health promotion, the percent for quitting smoking were observed 48.8%, 43.1%, 8.1%. 0 %, and for the restriction of drinking were 29.8%, 10.6%, 9.3%, 5.3%; for fitness 11.1%, 31.0%, 37.3%, 20.6% in male 26.6%, 27.8%, 26.6%, 19.0% in female, for regular diet 26.1%, 19.8%, 38.7%, 15.3% in male, 27.8%, 22.2%, 40.0%, 10.0 % in female and for stress management 5.8%, 10.6%, 8.7%, 75.0% in male, 13.6%. 22.7%, 19.7%, 44.0% in female. In heavy smoker (p=0.017) and heavy drinker, (p=0.021) the percent of precontemplation stage was significantly higher than in lower drinker and light smoker. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that company support for health promotion in workplace was weak and workers of high risk group for smoking and drinking were in precontemplation stage. So before conducting the health promotion program, health risk appraisal and need assessment for stage of behavior change should be taken for the efficient heath promotion strategy.
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Effects of a Tailored Health Promotion Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged and Advanced-Age Bus Drivers Gyu-Seok Hwang, Jae-Wook Choi, Seoung-Hyung Choi, Seoung-Gil Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Chungsik Yoon Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(1): 117. CrossRef
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate the degree of manganese exposure and its health hazards effect on welders in manufacturing industry. METHODS The author measured airborne, blood and urine concentrations of manganese and blood chemistry, and also observed clinical symptoms and signs on 60 welders for case an.d 60 non-welders for control working in manufacturing industry by age maching method. RESULTS The geometric means of blood and urine concentrations of manganese were 1.13 +/- 1.38 microgram /dI and 2.52 +/- 1.37 microgram /I for Welders group, 1.09 +/- 1.68 microgram /dl and 1.86 +/- 1.34 microgram / I for Non-welders group. Airborne concentration of manganese was 0. 15 +/- 1.66 mg/m3 for exposured group, and the urinary mean concentration of manganese was statistically significant difference between exposured and non-welders group (P < 0.05). Clinical signs in welders group were palmomentle reflex (23.3%), tremor (20.0%) and grabellar sign (5.0%). Symptoms in welders group were fatigue (66.7%), amnesia (66.7%), excessive sweating (51.7%), nervousness (51.7%), general weakness (48. 3%) and arthralgia (46.7%) and so on, and there was statistically significant difference compared to non-welders group (P<0.05). Manganese exposure effects on blood chemistry were not observed. There were statistically significant correlation between manganese concent- ration in blood and urine (r=0. 269), airborne and urine (r=0. 601) and airborne and blood (r=0. 268). CONCLUSION The author suggest that further studies are followed to evaluate the health status of welders whose blood and urine manganese concentrations were below normal reference level, and to establish the questionnaire and the diagnostic tools for early detecting the chronic manganese poisioning on welders.
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Derivation of an occupational exposure level for manganese in welding fumes Lisa A. Bailey, Laura E. Kerper, Julie E. Goodman NeuroToxicology.2018; 64: 166. CrossRef
Associations between Airborne Manganese and Blood Manganese in the Korean General Population according to KNHANES 2008-2009 Kyung Sick Jung, Jong Dae Lee, Yong Bae Kim Journal of Environmental Science International.2013; 22(12): 1589. CrossRef
Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature Robert M. Park Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(3): 123. CrossRef
Olfactory functions at the intersection between environmental exposure to manganese and Parkinsonism Silvia Zoni, Giulia Bonetti, Roberto Lucchini Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2012; 26(2-3): 179. CrossRef
Exposure-Response Relationship and Risk Assessment for Cognitive Deficits in Early Welding-Induced Manganism Robert M. Park, Rosemarie M. Bowler, Harry A. Roels Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2009; 51(10): 1125. CrossRef
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State-of-the-Science Review: Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk? Annette B. Santamaria, Colleen A. Cushing, James M. Antonini, Brent L. Finley, Fionna S. Mowat Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2007; 10(6): 417. CrossRef
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Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases Robert M. Park, Paul A. Schulte, Joseph D. Bowman, James T. Walker, Stephen C. Bondy, Michael G. Yost, Jennifer A. Touchstone, Mustafa Dosemeci American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2005; 48(1): 63. CrossRef
OBJECTIVES In order to reveal the effectiveness of the intervention in the workplace on patients suffering from cervicobrachial disorder (CBD), we reexamined 96 workers out of 137 workers suffering from CBD on the assembly lines of an electric manufacturing factory by using questionnaires, physical exams and neurological exams. METHODS Analyses were made of the characteristics of the 96 workers of this company suffering from 1994 to 1996 with special concern for differences before and after the improvement of the working environment. After reexamination of the 96 patients the following results were obtained. RESULTS We observed an improvement in the 10 most common subjective symptoms of CBD. These symptoms included general fatigue, pain on neck and shoulders, dullness of the upper extremities, back pain and discomfort and a tingling sensation in the hands and wrists (p < 0. 05). The percentage of workers who complained muscle tenderness of neck and shoulder were reduced (p < 0.05). the percentage of workers with abnormal Morley examination was reduced from 28. 5% to 2. 100 (p < 0.01), and of workers with abnormal EMG finding went from 12. 4% to 2. lao (p < 0. 01) and of grade 3 and grade 4 CBD was reduced from 42. 3% and 18. 3% respectively to 33. 3% and 2. ba (p < 0. 01). Grade 3 and over laborers of CBD had higher scores in somatization, anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, neurasthenic, hypochondriacal than other sufferers in the SCL-90-R exam (p < 0. 01). CONCLUSIONS in conclusion intervention had effectiveness on subjective symptoms of neck and shoulder and decreasing abnormal finding of muscle tenderness, neurological examination and EMG.
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OBJECTIVES Work-related upper extremity disorders of the tendons, nerves, and musdes associated with. repetitive motion represent an increasing proportion of occupational illnesses, medical services, and workers' compensation costs. Severe local muscle fatigue may be a precursor of repetition strain injuries. The demand for objective and quantitative assessment of local muscle fatigue is now increasing. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of power spectral analysis of individual muscle as one of the objective spectral parameters in quantification of local muscle fatigue. METHODS From 10 normal male without neuromuscular dysfuction, motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) of three muscles (upper trapezius, infraspinatus, and anterior deltoid) of left shoulder girdle were obtained. The surface electrodes were used and the changes of power spectrum according to frequency components were calculated per minute during the keyboard task for 30-minute period by power spectral analysis of MUAPs signal. RESULTS There was a linear relationship between median frequency (MF) and time flow in the upper trapezius muscle, however the same was not observed in other muscles. The MF slope of the upper trapezius muscle showed a decline of the MF over time and reflected the fatigue rate. Other spectral parameters, such as mean frequency and total power were not significantly correlated to time flow during the keyboard task in all three muscles. And no significant correlation was observed between keying rate and slope of median frequency of upper trapezius muscle. CONCLUSIONS Above results suggested that the power spectral analysis on median frequency in upper trapezius muscle would be useful in quantification of local muscle fatigue during the keyboard task and local muscle fatigue of shoulder was affected by static posture, not by keying rate.
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of upper limb musculoskeltal symptoms among workers in automobile related jobs. METHODS Two-hundred and twenty-one workers were volunteered in this 'study consisting of 112 seat installers and 109 auto mechanics. A questionnaire was administered to the workers consisting of questions on demographics, work type and duration, sleep hours, health habits, and standardized descriptions of NJOSH on musculoskeletal symptoms. RESULTS Complaint rates of neck and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms by anatomical site were as follows: shoulder, 52.0%; neck, 47.1%; wrist and hand, 39.4 elbow, 26.2% and; arm, 24.4%. Significantly higher prevalence of shoulder musculoskele tal symptom was found in middle school than high school graduate, married than unmar ned, less than 6 hours sleep than over 6 hours sleep and, seat installer than auto mechanic group. A significantly higher prevalence of arm, elbow, hand and wrist mus loskeletal symptoms was disclosed in the less than 6 hours sleep than over 6 hours sleep group and the seat installer than the auto mechanic group. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified education, sleep hours and, job type as the main affecting factors for shoulder musculoskeletal symptoms. Sleep hours and job type were the main affecting factors for wrist and hand musculoskeletal symptoms. Sleep hours were the main affecting factors for arm and elbow musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms was high in workers who did routine tasks at confined places like seat install-line work. It is recommended that workers performing simple and routine tasks be provided adequate sleep time since lack of sleep was the main affecting factor for most upper limb mus loskeletal symptoms in automobile factory related jobs workers.
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OBJECTIVES It is the objective of this research to identify the variation of thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA) in urine with vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure levels through methylation. METHODS After rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer of 4 levels, 0 mg/m3, 50 mg /m3, 150 mg/m3, 500 mg/m3, respectively, of which urine was sampled in each sampling time of 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours. After urine had been methylated with diazomethane in the preliminary experiment and the peak of 146 m/z had been verified, the main experiment was done. RESULTS In the variation of TdGA with sampling times, concentration of TdGA increased rapidly in 4 hours and then decreased after 8 hours. When the variation of urinary .TdGA concentration in urine according to exposure level of VCM was verified through Kruskal-Wallis statistical method at each sampling time, the significant increment with the exposure levels at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after exposure was clarified. CONCLUSION TdGA concentration in urine with increment of VCM exposure level increased, especially significantly at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours of sampling time.