Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Renal Dysfunction Indicators in Lead Exposed Workers: Sang Ju Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Sung Ryul Kim, Dong Il Kim, Joon Youn Kim, Kap Yeol Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):340-349. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.340

Abstract PDF: A range of indicators is available to assess renal dysfunction in lead exposure. This study was undertaken to find out which indicators were most valuable as markers of renal dysfunction. We selected 75 male workers from the secondary lead smelter, plastic stabilizer and radiator manufacturing industries (the "exposed" group) and 64 male office workers (the "control" group). Blood lead; blood zinc protoporphyrin; urine lead; urine coproporphyrin; delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity; and urine delta-aminolevulinic acid were chosen as indicators of lead exposure. Blood urea nitrogen; serum creatinine; serum uric acid; urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; urine albumin; urine alpha1-microglobu-lin; and urine beta2-microglobulin were used as indicators of renal dysfunction. Urine alpha1-microglobulin level was significantly associated with, the lead exposure level. Blood urea nitrogen, urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and urine alpha1-microglobulin levels were highly correlated with indicators of lead exposure. Urine alpha1-microglobulin had the highest correlation with other indicators of renal function. In addition, the proportion of subjects with high urine alpha1-microglobulin levels showed a gradient with lead exposure. Conclusively, Blood urea nitrogen, urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and urine alpha1-microglobulin are useful indicators, but urine alpha1-microglobulin is ; the early 'and the most valuable indicator of renal dysfunction related to lead exposure.

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A Study on the Safety Accidents by Shift Systems: Ji Yong Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):330-339. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.330

Author investigated safety accidents occurred in 26 companies during one year to study on the relationship between safety accident and shift systems.Safety accident incidence rate in 2-shifting system was 12.4 spells per 100 workers, was 1.7 times higher than 3-shifting system (7.3 spells) and 4 times than nonshift system (3.1 spells). The proportion of safety accident occurred by workers' mistake was 77.0 % at 3-shifting system, 68.8 % at 2-shifting system and 40.7 % at nonshift system. Safety accident incidence rate by workers' mistake in 2-shifting system was 8.5 spells per 100 workers, was 3.5 times higher than 3-shifting system (5.6 spells) and 5.3 times than nonshift system (1.6 spells). There was no fluctuation of safety accident incidence in nonshift system by time. But in 2- and 3-shifting system, spells of safety accident at the daytime were more higher than nighttime, vise versa spells of safety accident by workers' mistake. In nonshift system, a weekday of the most safety accident incidence was Thursday. But in 3-shifting system the most safety accident incidence was happened at weekend , vice versa in 2-shifting system. The proportion of admission by safety accidents was 44.6 % at 3-shifting system (33 spells) that was more higher than 2-shifting system (33.2 %) and nonshift system (22.4 %). Author concluded that safety accident incidences at shifting system were more higher than nonshift system and also more serious injuries were occurred. So the various comprehensive methods for the safety system, were needed to decrease the safety accident incidence and to increase worker's well-being.

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Impacts of Job Stress and Cognitive Failure on Patient Safety Incidents among Hospital Nurses
Young-Mi Park, Souk Young Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(4): 210. CrossRef

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Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift and its Recovery in Industry: Soo Hun Cho, Mi Na Ha, Sang Hwan Han, Young Soo Joo, Ju Hon Sung, Jong Won Kang, Dork Ro Yun, Bong Bin Song, Myung Hag Lee, Seon Tae Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):320-329. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.320

Abstract PDF: To determine the recovery time from noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS), a prospective field study was conducted at three worksites where workers are known to be exposed high level of noise. Subjects were selected according to answers on a questionnaire which inquired about otological history and previous noise exposure, including avocational, military and occupational exposures. After excluding employees with past otologic problems, recent exposure to high level noise, and under medications, total 92 employees participated in the study. Among 92 participants, complete consecutive audiometric examinations were carried out at 0~2 hours, 5~7 hours, 14~16 hours after worktime noise exposure on 26 participants wearing hearing protectors and 22 participants wearing no protective devices. The difference between the hearing level 0~2 hours after noise exposure and 5~7 hours is statistically significant by paired t-test(p<0.01). The median recovery times calculated from the data of 22 participants wearing no protective hearing devices are 15.6 hours at 4000 Hz, and 7.7 hours, 10.3 hours, 8.4 hours at 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 8000 Hz respectively. These data suggest that when measuring the pure tone audiometry for noise exposed workers, at least 16 hours noise-free interval is required.

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Musculoskeletal Diseases of Upper Extremities Among the Electronic Assembly Workers and Telecommunication Workers: Jae Wook Choi, Yorig Tae Yum, Dong Bin Spng, Jong Tae Park, Soung Hoon Chang, Jung Ae Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):301-319. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.301

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of and to collect the basic informations of musculoskeletal diseases of upper extremities in manufacturing and telecommunication companies. The subjects were 213 workers, consisted Of 98 manufacturing workers and 115 telephoBfi operators. The musculoskeletal ,symptom survey, Job safety analysis (JSA), and medical examinations including neurologic, and'nerve.cqnduction velocity (NCV) test were conducted.: All workers were women in company A, while the other composed of 68(69.4%) men and 30(30.6%) women. The results were as follows: 1. The rates of self-reporting symptoms in each company were 85.2% at the neck, 81.1% at the shoulder joint, 73.0% at the wrist joint and 34.8% at the elbow joint in company A, while 56.1% at the shoulder joint, 51.2% at the neck and 23.5% at the elbow joint in company B in order. 2. No relationship was observed between the work duration and symptom rate in company A, but the highest symptom rate was observed at the neck in 10-19 year work duration group, at the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint in 5-9 year work duration group in company B. 3. Over the 22.8% of total workers in this study having symptoms got medical treatment at the medical clinics or drug stores, but there was no statistical difference between both companies. 4. In company A, 16(13.9%) workers were classified as D category, 12(10.4%) workers as C category and 2(1.7%) workers as R category among 115 workers. And D category was 10(10.2%), C category 31(31.6%) and R category 4(4.0%) among 98 workers in company B. D category means disease category needed futher treatment, C category means disease category needed no treatment and R category means recheck category, needed futher evaluation. 5. The types of musculoskeletal disorders including D, C, and R category were 46 cases(D 13, C 30, R 3) of tension neck .syndrome (TNS), 16 cases (D 3, C 8, R 5) of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 5 cases of De Quervain's disease, 3 cases of lateral epicondylitis, 3 cases of bicipital tendinitis, 3 cases of rotator cuff tendinitis, 2 cases of medical epicondylitis, and 5 cases of cervical disc syndrome. 6. In company A, the total cases of 11 TNS, 8 CTS, 3 De Quervain's disease, 3 lateral epicondylitis, 3 rotator cuff tendinitis and 1 cervical disc syndrome were diagnosed and so were total cases of 35 TNS, 8 CTS and 4 cervical disc syndrome in company B. 7. By stepwise multiple regression analysis with dichotomization of musculoskeletal disease, the following odds ratios were significantly high (p<0.05)-sex (2.707) and age(l.926).

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Deok-Ju Kim, Hee-Jung Han, Yeong-Ae Yang
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(1): 169. CrossRef
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on the Musculoskeletal Subjective Symptoms Disorders and Health Promotion Behavior of Daily Plant Construction Workers in One Area
Ja-Sook Kim, Ja-Ok Kim, Ji-Yong Seo, Hack-Sun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 28. CrossRef
The Trends and Status of Work-related Musculoskeletal Diseases under Korean Worker's Compensation System
Kyung Ha Kim, Rah Il Hwang, Min Hyun Suk
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(2): 102. CrossRef
Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef

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A Study on Risk Prediction and Prevention Guidelines for CTDs: Dong Hyun Park, Ik Keun Yoon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):282-300. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.282

Abstract PDF: CTDs have been a growing problems for US and European industries with higher incidence rate every year. In our country, we have just Started to recognize and to work on the problems in industry. In this respect, this would be the first ergonomic-based CTD study with medical data. Two automobile part plants were ergonomically and clinically surveyed for this study. Specifically,' 25 jobs from A industry and 51 jobs from B industry were matched with the clinical data. Two types of analysis were conducted. First, ergonomic job evaluation using CTD checklist was done for both industries to figure out the relative risks for each jobs. Second, comprehensive analysis for risk factors regarding CTDs was conducted. It produced mainly two results. First, multiple regression analysis of both worker and work-related factors on total scores based on the results of the'physical examination showed that there was no statistically significant relationships between total scores based on physical examinations and either worker or work-related risk factors. Second, logistic analyses for both factors were done. An user-friendly logistic program was developed for this analysis and for the future analysis of CTD study in the long-run. The program would have even non-expert in statistical package easily manipulate logistic analysis. Based on the logistic analysis, there was no significant relationships between worker related risk factors and all CTD types except marital status. However, there was some significant results in terms of work-related factors. Lateral pinch and ulnar deviations had significant relationship with both all CTD types and CTS. Power grip was associated with all types of CTDs, Tendinitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The cycle time had significant effects only on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. In conclusion, the first ergonomic-based CTD study has been initiated in Korea. However, it was realized that good overall situation for CTD study in Korea has been before the right time yet. Therefore, futher research on the basis of the framework of this study is strongly suggested to have a complete CTD guidelines in the near future.

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A Post-examination Health Care Status of Workers with Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Manufacturing Factories: Jang Sun Choi, Jae Suk Song, Jong Uk Won, Jong Du Kang, Bong Suk Cha, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):272-281. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.272

Abstract PDF: The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.

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Biological Index for Cadmium Exposure: Assay of Metallothionein by Competitive ELISA: Jung Duck Park, Woo Suk Lee, Yoon Kong, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):258-271. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.258

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Metallothionein (MT) is a cadmium binding protein that played major' roles in protective mechanism for cadmium toxicity. In the present study, competitive ELISA was established to assay the MT expression utilizing monospecific antibody which was generated against MT-L A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with CdCl2 for two weeks to induce MT. The cytosolic fraction of rat liver was obtained by differential centrifugation. Two major MT isozymes (MT-I & MT-II) at ca. 10 kDa were purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration followed by DEAE-Trisacryl-M anion exchange column chromatogra-phy, respectively. Two rabbits were immunized 4 times consecutively with the conjugate of purified MT-L The sera were collected by heart puncture. When immunoblot was carried out, the immunized rabbit sera (anti-MT-I) exhibited specific immunoreactive band at MT-I while showed any cross reactions neither with MT-II nor with other cytosolic proteins.. By chequerboard titration using the monospecific antibody, the competitive ELISA was established. The dose-dependent relationship was observed between anti-MT-I antibody and the amount of MT in biological samples (r(2)=O.9980). These results suggested strongly that competitive ELISA is a simple, rapid and reproducible method for screening cadmium exposure.

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Evaluation of factors associated with cadmium exposure and kidney function in the general population
Mingai Huang, Seong‐Jin Choi, Dong‐Won Kim, Na‐Young Kim, Hye‐Sun Bae, Seung‐Do Yu, Dae‐Seon Kim, Heon Kim, Byung‐Sun Choi, Il‐Je Yu, Jung‐Duck Park
Environmental Toxicology.2013; 28(10): 563. CrossRef

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A Survey of Hepatitis B Virus Markers by EIA Method among Steel Manufacturing Workers: Jung Gu Kirn, Bbk Dong Nam, Sam Deug Bae, Myung Wha Ha, Doo Hie Kim, Seung Won Kang, Jong Young Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):249-257. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.249

Abstract PDF: A study for seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg and Anti-HBe) by EIA method and the Liver Function Test(SGOT and SGPT) using kinetic method was carried :out from January; to October 1995 :among male workers of a .major iron and steel manufacturing company, located,,in Pohang. The results were as follows; 1. The distribution of hepatitis B virus markers showed that the proportions of HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs (-), HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs (+) 'and HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs (+) were 8.1%, 60.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in all subjects was 8.2% whereas that of anti-HBs was 60.6%. 2. The proportions of HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs (-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs (+) increased significantly with age. While the distribution of hepatitis B virus markers exhibited no significant differences among the groups classified by educational background or work type. 3. The proportion of drinkers in HBsAg (+)/Anti-HBs (-) (73; 9%) was significantly lower than those of HBsAg (-)/Anti-HBs (-) and HBsAg (-)/Anti-HBs (+) (84.6% and 85.7% respectively). The proportions of smoking for the three groups of HBsAg (-)/Anti-HBs(+),-HBsAg (+)/Anti-HBs (-) and HBsAg (-)/Anti-HBs (-) were 54.3%, 53.7% and 53.0%, respectively (p<0.01). The proportion of the subjects with abnormal liver function test in HBsAg (+)/Anti-HBs (-) was 40.1%, whereas those in HBsAg (-)/Anti-HBs (-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs (+) were 21.9% and 18.4%, respectively. 4. The distribution of e Ag markers among HBsAg (+) subjects showed that the proportions of HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-), HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(+) and HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(+) were 31.3%, 55.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The proportion of HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-) decreased significantly with age and those of HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(-) and HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(+) increased with age. The positive rate of HBeAg among HBsAg (+) subjects was 32.9%. In conclusion, as a screening method, EIA is. recommended to test hepatitis B virus markers, especially when examining Anti-HBs more sensitively. For the workers of the iron and steel manufacturing company studied, liver diseases caused by other than hepatitis B should be given a special care including an education avoiding alcohol drinking.

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Demand of Work-site Health Promotion Program for Employees: Joong Sun Yoo, Seok Beom Kim, Pock Soo Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):239-248. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.239

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This study was conducted to identify the demand of work-site health promotion program of employees. A self-administered questionnaire method was uses to collect data from 492 employees from 40 work-sites in Taegu City and Kyungpook Provincial area. The work-site health screening programs conducted for several years were placed low value by employees. The out-door exercise was the most popular heath promotion activity implemented at work-site as a whole. The employees expressed that periodic health check-up, the health counseling, indoor exercise would be implemented as a health promotion program in the future. The male employees regarded that the periodic health check-up program should be established preferentially at work-site. However, the female employees gave priority to fitness program. The health related behavioral patterns slightly influenced the preference of health promotion program. The health screening program for employees should be improved and the health education of nutrition and diet for female employees should be implemented.

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Recognition and Satisfaction of National Oral Examination for Workers in Incheon and Daejeon
Hye-Mi Jang, Soo-Jeong Hwang
Journal of dental hygiene science.2014; 14(4): 516. CrossRef

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A Study on the Handling Patterns of Anticancer Drugs and Related Symptoms in Nurses: Hae Sook Shin, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):228-238. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.228

Abstract PDF

To evaluate the subjective symptoms; among nurses handling anticancer drugs, we investigated symptom prevalence in 487 nurses exposed to anticancer drugs and 242 control nurses, who are working at 14 university hospitals in Korea by self-administered questionnaire. Safety regulations for handling anticancer drugs in these hospitals as well as the level of knowledge on safety .rules of them among nurses were also evaluated, The results were as follows: 1. Only 1.5% of nurses used. the biological safety cabinet always, 32.7% could not use it during evening time and on holidays, and 65.8% could not use at all since lack of it. When nurses prepared anticancer drugs, they wore gloves (49.1%), gown (7.2%), goggle (1.6%), and mask (11. 5%). And. 46.1% of them answered that they ate and drank in the anticancer drugs preparation room. 2. The level of knowledge on safety rules of anticancer drugs were generally low in both exposed (12.7/17 items) and control (12.7/17 items) group. The questions which nurses answered wrong exceeded fifty percent were: the possibility of exposing to anticancer drugs when they correct their make-ups; and when they handled body fluids of cancer patients. Only 20.3%. of the, nurses were acknowledged with the hours for the cancer patients' body fluids being considered to be contaminated after receiving chemotherapy. 3. The prevalence of allergic disease was higher in exposed group than in control group. Among 43 symptoms of total, the prevalence of 10 symptoms (nausea, skin rash, itching, chronic throat irritation, tachycardia, alopecia, skin hyper pigmentation, loss of libido, leukopema, thrombocytopenia) were higher in exposed group than in control group. 4. The prevalence of ten symptoms which showed higher prevalence in exposed group was significantly correlated with eating, and drinking in the preparation room for anti cancer drugs, the degree of skin contact with anticancer drugs, and the amount of anticancer handling them, and BML It was shown that eating and drinking in anticancer drug preparation room, and the amount of handling them, significantly affected the prevalence of 10 symptoms among nurses exposed after stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study suggest that nurses handling anticancer drugs have potential risk of exposure to anticancer drugs, and the preventive measures for the protection of nurses' health be needed by education, and improvement of their working environment.

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Nurses’ Knowledge, Compliance and Exposure Experiences with Cytotoxic Drugs in a University Hospital
Bokyoung Kim, 윤지향, Kim,Myung-Hee, 이상림, 김성민
Global Health and Nursing (글로벌 건강과 간호).2016; 6(1): 11. CrossRef
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Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(4): 251. CrossRef
Health Effects of Chemicals used in hospitals among Healthcare Workers
Jong Uk Won
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 474. CrossRef

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A Survival Case Sustained Pulmonary Damage After Paraquat Ingestion: Won Oh Choo, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):223-227. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.223

Abstract PDF: The rapid quantification of paraquat in body fluids is of undoubted value in both initial assesment as well as the immediate prognosis of acutely poisoned patients. A 20-year-old woman ingested a mouthful of paraquat. Serum and urine paraquat levels were measured colorimetrically for 48 hours after identifying the presence of paraquat in her urine by a Paraquat test kit. At that time her survivability was considerd to be over 50% according to Proudfoot's scale of time related measured serum paraquat levels. Five days after admission, she began to cough but her chest x-ray picture was normal. However, she persisted to cough and subsequent chest x-rays showed fine reticulonodular densities in both upper and lower lobes. Twenty days after admission, she .was clinically well, and not deteriorated radiologically. Therefore, respiratory function tests were under-taken. They showed reduced lung volume, moderate reduction in ventilatory capacity, and a diffusion defect (DLco: 27% predicted value). Twenty four days after admission, the patient was discharged in good condition except for the sequale of lung involvement. Six months later, she was re-examined and found to be healthy with a large regression of lung lesions on her chest x-ray.

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Quantitative Sensory and Vascular Tests in the Assessment of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome: Seung Wan Kang, Eun Il Lee, Yong Tae Yum, Hae Joon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):210-222. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.210

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted on 103 male workers exposed to local vibration (exposure workers) and 23 male clergical workers not exposed to local vibration (reference workers) to evaluate the effect of local vibration in a automobile industry workers who had used vibratory tools such as electric bolt impacter or grinder. The assessment methods of this study were some tests recommended by Wasserman and Taylor. None of reference workers complained sensorineural symptoms, but 43.7% of exposed workers complained over one of those symptoms. The proportion of non-recovery type, which means that there was no full recovery of temperature of finger tips, was from 0% to 31. 3% in reference workers and from 10.7% to 15.5% in exposure workers. There was statistically significant difference of recovery time of plethysmogram after cold provocation between mean recovery time of 0.44 minutes in reference workers and that of 3.05 minutes in exposure workers. The proportion of bad plethysmogram was from 0% to 4.4% in reference workers and from 3.9% to 7.8% in exposure workers. There was statistically significant difference of discrimination sense between mean length of 2.04 mm in reference workers and that of 2.9 mm in exposure workers. There were also statistically significant difference of pain sense between mean weights of from 5.02 g to 5.26 g in reference workers and those of from 6.81 g to 7.6 g in exposure workers. By the results of multiple stepwise regression analysis the statistically significant variable affecting discrimination and pain sense was exposure and those affecting vibration sense were exposure and age. We concluded that exposure of local vibration in automobile workers was significaritly associated with decrease of sensorineural sense regardless of age and other, possible related variables.

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Trans‐Cranial Doppler and Peripheral Sensory Threshold Tests for Carbon Disulfide Poisoning
Eunil Lee, Hun‐Jong Chung, Soon‐Duck Kim, Jong‐Tae Park, Donggeun Sul, Myung‐Hyun Kim
Journal of Occupational Health.2001; 43(6): 307. CrossRef

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Effect of Mercury Chloride on Peritoneal Macrophage or EMT-6 cell from Balb/c mice: Dai Ha Koh, Jung Ho Youm, No Suk Ki, Gyung Jae Oh, Kuen Sang Kwon, Sung Yeup Kim, Nam Song Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):201-209. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.201

Abstract PDF: The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, and 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.

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A Study on Possibility of Special Health Examination to the Hospital Employees: Su Ill Lee, Byung Mann Cho, Bong Soo Cho, Young Wook Kirn, Kwang Wook Koh, Nam Chool Moon, Joo Won Kirn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):191-200. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.191

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to decide the possibility of special health examination to the hospital employees. We carried out questionnaire survey for 830 subjects at 2 general hospitals located in Pusan city. The summary of this study are as follows. 1. Above 10% of total hospital employees were replied that they exposed to 16 hazard items, such as dust, noise, stress and etc. Among them, over 50% of hospital employees exposed to dust(69.8%), noise(52.3%), stress(60.1%). And hospital employees exposed to alcoholic disinfectant(41.3%), radiation(34.6%), drug(33.3%), VDT(25.2%), and aldehyde(18.7%) also. 2. 63% of the hospital employees replied that there were hazardous factors in hospital environments, and 80% insisted the necessity for hospital environment measuring. 35.7% of respondents replied that they had never taken the education about hazardous factors. 35.7% of the total respondents answered that they didn't use protective equipment when exposed to hazardous factors. And 48.6% answered they took periodic health examination. Only 7.2% replied that ventilation condition of office room was proper. As shown in above results, hospital employees are exposed to various hazards, and turn out neglecting to health problems caused these hazardous factors. So at first, it is necessary to measuring hospital working environment, and then will be decided the possibility of special health examination to the hospital employees.

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