Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volume 17 (2); June 2005

Case Report

Two cases of anosmia suspected to be caused by chronic chlorine exposure in cleansing works: Sung mo Ku, Hyun joo Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):155-159. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.155

OBJECTIVES
We report two cases of anosmia that were suspected to be caused by chronic chlorine exposure in cleansing works METHODS: We examined the cases in order to assess the work-relatedness of their anosmia. We conducted olfactory threshold test and olfactory perception test repeatedly at one-month intervals. Using ion chromatography, we analyzed the detergent that the workers had been using for several years before their olfactory function decreased.
RESULTS
A 59-year-old male who had worked in a cleansing process for 10 years (1983-1993) and a 58-year-old female who had worked in the same process for 8 years (1987-1995) were diagnosed with anosmia. The cause of the anosmia was presumed to have been the chlorine gas that was generated from the process of heating the detergent-dissolved water, in which chloride was detected.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report on anosmia due to chronic chlorine exposure. Greater attention needs to be focused on the prevention of anosmia because there are many workers who have been exposed to chlorine gas in chlorine treating and generating processes.

Citations

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Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Induced by Crocidolite: Jong Rae Roh, Jin Gun Sohn, Hye Ran Song, Jin Ha Kim, Jin Gon Seol; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):149-154. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.149

Abstract PDF: Asbestos exposure may cause asbestosis, pleural plaques and benign pleural disease, and may give a predisposition to malignant mesothelioma in occupationally exposed workers. This case report describes a 50-year-old man, dying from histologically confirmed, diffuse, malignant mesothelioma after asbestos exposure. As a young man, he had been exposed at the workplace to crocidolite for 2 years, but he had no other known history of occupational or environmental asbestos exposure. The patient presented with chest pain and general weakness. Computed tomography showed bilateral irregular pleural thickening along both lower lateral chest walls and a low attenuating mass in the anterior portion of the left lobe. Pathological examinations revealed that it was an epithelial type with tubulopapillary structures and it tested immunohistochemically positive for antibodies against cytokeratin, calretinin and vimentin. The patient was started on chemotherapy but he died to the disease at ten months after the first onset of the symptoms. Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm in the general population. Nevertheless, the importance of close medical surveillance of the high-risk population is emphasized, because of increased asbestos exposure.

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Case Report

A Case of Acute Toxic Hepatitis induced by brief exposure to Dimethylformamide: Jong Rae Roh, Jin Gun Sohn, Jin Ha Kim, Sun Ja Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):144-148. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.144

Abstract PDF

Dimethylformamide (DMF), a widely used industrial solvent, has been reported to induce subtle to clinically overt hepatotoxicity. Liver injury due to occupational exposure through inhalation and skin contact has been sporadically reported. We report a 23-year-old male who developed intermittent abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, chest discomfort, and general weakness for 4 days after working in a plastic-coated-glove factory. An acute hepatitis episode occurred after working in an enclosed workplace for 3 days. Other causes of hepatitis such as viral, drug induced or alcoholic hepatitis, could be excluded or were considered to be unlikely. Based on occupational history, serological examination and serial liver function examinations, the case was compatible with DMF-induced acute toxic hepatitis. Hepatotoxicity due to occupational exposure to solvents (e.g., DMF) should be considered in any patient with unexplained hepatitis. The fast improvement of the clinical symptoms and the progressive normalization of the liver function tests once the DMF exposure has been stopped, supports the diagnosis.

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The potential health risks of N,N‐dimethylformamide: An updated review
Shu‐Jun Hong, Xiu‐Ning Zhang, Zhan Sun, Tao Zeng
Journal of Applied Toxicology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A case report of toxic hepatitis caused by chloroform in automotive parts manufacturer coating process
Jong Hyun Hwang, Jung Il Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Changes of 30 years in the recognized occupational diseases of Korea: Lessons from the system change perspective
Kyung Ehi Zoh, Mijin Park, Domyung Paek
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2020; 75(3): 127. CrossRef
Compensation for Occupational Diseases by Chemical Agents in Korea
Soon-Chan Kwon, Soo-Yong Roh, Ji-Hoon Lee, Eun-A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S78. CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology
Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2011; 2(2): 97. CrossRef

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Case Report

A case of peripheral polyneuropathy occurring in a small enterprise processing mobile phone cases: Joo Youn Shin, Jong Han Leem, Yong Kyu Kim, Shin Goo Park, Jee Na Lee, Hwan Chul Kim, Chang Hwan Kim, Kyong Up Cho, Mi Jang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):138-143. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.138

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We report a case of n-hexane-induced occupational peripheral polyneuropathy. The patient had been cleaning mobile phone cases using n-hexane for 3 years without proper protection in the workplace.
Method
: Physical examinations, detailed history taking, laboratory studies and electrophysiological study were done. The n-hexane concentration in the ambient air of the workplace was analysed.
RESULTS
The findings of the electrophysiological study revealed that the worker's neurologic symptoms were due to peripheral polyneuropathy. The average n-hexane concentration in the ambient air sampled at the workplace for 59 minutes was 1411.24ppm, from which the 8 hour time-weighted-average(TWA) was estimated as 882ppm. Because other alternative causes for peripheral polyneuropathy were ruled out by laboratory findings and detailed history taking, this TWA level strongly suggested that the disease was caused by n-hexane exposure.
Conclusion
: Although the neuro-toxicity of n-hexane is relatively well known, many problems have been identified in the management of this toxic material in terms of preventing toxic diseases in the workplace. We expect that this case will help in the planning of health management strategies for using n-hexane in the workplace.

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Changes of 30 years in the recognized occupational diseases of Korea: Lessons from the system change perspective
Kyung Ehi Zoh, Mijin Park, Domyung Paek
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2020; 75(3): 127. CrossRef
Study on the Chemical Management - 2. Comparison of Classification and Health Index of Chemicals Regulated by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor
Sunju Kim, Chungsik Yoon, Seunghon Ham, Jihoon Park, Songha Kim, Yuna Kim, Jieun Lee, Sangah Lee, Donguk Park, Kwonseob Lee, Kwonchul Ha
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(1): 58. CrossRef
Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef
Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef
Occupational Neurologic Disorders in Korea
Yangho Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yong-Hun Yun, Myoung-Soon Oh
Journal of Clinical Neurology.2010; 6(2): 64. CrossRef

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Original Article

Factors Affecting Fatigue and Stress in Male Manufacturing Workers: Jin Wook Kang, Young Seoub Hong, Hyun Jae Lee, Byung Jin Yeah, Jung Il Kim, Jung Man Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):129-137. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.129

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to investigate the factors affecting the fatigue and stress in male manufacturing workers.
METHODS
A questionnaire investigating general characteristics, lifestyle factors, job characteristics, fatigue and stress was distributed to 896 subjects. From 851 respondents, 11 responses with insufficient data were excluded. The data were analyzed to investigate the factors affecting personal fatigue and stress.
RESULTS
Among the general characteristics, both fatigue and stress in the older group were significantly lower than in the younger group (p<0.05). Fatigue in the group with higher education was significantly higher than in the group with only high school education (p<0.05). The group who lived alone had significantly more stress (p<0.05). Among lifestyle factors, people who exercised regularly had significantly lower fatigue and stress than those who did not (p<0.05). Fatigue was negatively correlated with decision latitude, supervisor support, and coworker support. Stress was positively correlated with job demand and negatively correlated with decision latitude, supervisor support, and coworker support. Fatigue and stress were positively correlated with each other. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that among job characteristic factors, coworker support affected fatigue while job demand and supervisor support affected stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Fatigue and stress were positively correlated, but the job characteristics that affected each were different. This suggests that for effective management of fatigue and stress, the details of job characteristics need to be considered individually for the intervention and prevention of fatigue and stress.

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Journal of Environmental Science International.2024; 33(3): 217. CrossRef
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Riba Maria Kurian, Shinto Thomas
Personality and Individual Differences.2023; 201: 111923. CrossRef
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JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2020; 32(1): 291. CrossRef
Relationship between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Manufacturing Male Workers
Hu-Yeon Lee, Jong-Tae Baek, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 543. CrossRef
Effects of Fatigue Reduction Program on Female Employees in One Food Production Company
Eun-Sook Jung, Jong-Eun Lee, Tae Yeon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 11. CrossRef
Relationship Between the Psychosocial Factors and Job Stress Among Clerical Public Officers
Ho-Jin Park, Sung-Kyeong Park, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(9): 5610. CrossRef
Relationship Between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms Among Nurses in a University Hospital
Soon-Young Kim, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(4): 1759. CrossRef
Relationship Between Job Stress and Psychosocial Stress Among Clerical Public Officers
Yoon-Jeong Jo, Young-Chae Cho
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Job Stress and Psychosocial Factors and Its Association with Self Perceived Fatigue among White Collar Male Workers
Seung-Pil Park, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(1): 301. CrossRef
Relationships Between Job Stress and Psychosocial Stress Among Nurses in a University Hospital
Sung-Kyeong Park, Jong-Oh Kim, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(9): 3887. CrossRef
Relations between Fatigue and Work-related Factors in Workers
Eun Sook Jung, Nam Hyun Cha
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Eun-A Park, Jeong-Eon Park
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Kyung-Hee Lee, Kyung-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 143. CrossRef

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Original Article

Symptom prevalence and Primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors among manufacturing workers: Hyunjoo Kim, Woo Cheol Jeong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):116-128. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.116

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers.
METHOD
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers' past one-year experience of primary interventions.
RESULTS
1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and 'high job strain' groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(> or =40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek's job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. IAlso necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.

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Kwon-Woo Lee, Won-Ho Kim
Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2017; 12(2): 113. CrossRef
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Youn-Bum Sung, Hyung-Seok Seo, Jung-Ho Lee, Young-Han Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 3999. CrossRef
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Agricultural Workers
Soo-Jin Lee, Hwan-Jin Park
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(4): 525. CrossRef

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Original Article

Sociopsychological factors associated with symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disease: Chul Gab Lee, Jong Park, Jung Sik Park, Seok Joon Sohn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):104-115. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.104

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The sudden increase in work-related musculoskeletal disease is caused by sociopsychological factors and ergonomic risk factors of the work process. This study evaluates the relationship between the symptoms of musculoskeletal disease and the sociopsychological factors.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey and ergonomic evaluation were administered to workers of a shipyard company with a high incidence rate of musculoskeletal disease. To quantify the pain score associated with a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease, the pain degree(1~5points), frequency (1~4 points) and duration (1~4 points) were multiplied to give a maximum score of 80. A score above 64 points on the pain score was defined as 'severe pain group'. This 'severe pain group' was chosen as the dependent variable and the sociopsychological factors were evaluated as independent variables with structural equation modeling based on a decision tree of exhaustive CHAID.
RESULTS
The standardized regression weights value with reference to the REBA score(0.54) had the largest value by the type of company, followed in order by joining and acting labor union(.313), job demand(.172), senior support(-.095), insufficient sleep (.092), and colleague support (.061).
CONCLUSION
The symptoms of musculoskeletal disease were greatly affected by sociopsychological factors such as whether joining and acting labor union, job demand, and senior or colleague support.

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The Validity and Reliability of the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey
Young Sun Kim, Kyung Yong Rhee, Min Jung Oh, Jungsun Park
Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(2): 111. CrossRef
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Korean farmers
Chul Gab Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(11): 1054. CrossRef

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Original Article

Analysis of the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers using survival analysis: Dong Hee Koh, Hyung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Sung Kyu Kang, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):95-103. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.95

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Occupational low back pain is a major cause of morbidity and the increases of medical and industrial costs. Efforts to control occupational low back pain have been largely unsuccessful, and further understanding of the risks including the psychological factors is needed. This retrospective study was designed to identify the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 976 male workers who were working at a Korean shipyard. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the participants' physical work factors, job stress and general characteristics. Job stress was measured using Karasek's JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Occupational low back pain was identified according to the NIOSH symptom survey criteria. Physical work factors were assessed using the Quick Exposure Check. Since the work duration can affect the relationship of physical work factors and job stress to occupational low back pain, we analyzed this association by dividing workers into two groups by work duration: 1) all workers, and 2) less than 5 years. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to elucidate the relationship of job stress with occupational low back pain in these two groups. Data were analysed with SAS 8.1.
RESULTS
In the all workers group, job demand, bending or twisting of the back, and carrying heavy materials were associated with an increased the risk of occupational low back pain. In the workers with less than 5 years work experience, people with high job demand were more likely to experience occupational low back pain than those with low job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
These RESULTS suggest that job stress as well as physical work factors can raise the risk of occupational low back pain. Especially, in the workers with less than 5 years work duration, job stress played a more crucial effect on the occurrence of occupational low back pain than physical work factors did.

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Adela Reig-Botella, Miguel Clemente, Sarah Detaille, Annet H. de Lange, Jaime López-Golpe
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Original Article

The Association between Pneumoconiosis and Genetic Polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT2, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1: Cha Jae Oh, Moon Young Hwang, Kang Jin Lee, Hoo Rak Lee, Byung Mann Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):85-94. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.85

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To investigate effects of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), N-acetyltransferase (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) on pneumoconiosis.
METHODS
Eighty-five pneumoconiosis patients and 122 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Direct interview and standard questionnaire were conducted and the genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT2, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 were investigated using multiplex PCR or PCR-RFLP methods with DNA extracted from venous blood. The relationship was investigated between the severity of pneumoconiosis and the polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, NAT2, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1, and also with various environmental factors including smoking.
RESULTS
We observed a significantly higher rate of genetic polymorphism in pneumoconiosis patients than in normal subjects. The odds ratio (95% CI) of NAT2 was 2.09 (1.19-3.68). In addition, smoking was related significantly with pneumoconiosis (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.40-5.95). In multiple logistic regression analyses, NAT2 and smoking were significant risk factors for the development of pneumoconiosis (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.00-3.37; OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.40-6.35, respectively). The age of onset of the disease and smoking were significantly related with moderate or severe pneumoconiosis (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99; OR 6.94, 95% CI 1.54-31.30, respectively). However there was no significant difference between the rate of genetic polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 in the two groups.
CONCLUSION
NAT2 genetic polymorphism was higher in pneumoconiosis patients than in normal subjects. The age of onset of the disease and smoking were significantly related with pneumoconiosis. However, the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 was not related with development or severity of pneumoconiosis.

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Original Article

Analysis of the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress in automobile factory workers using Structural Equation Model: Dong Hee Koh, Sun Sil Han, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sun Haeng Choi, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):79-84. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.79

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Social support was previously regarded as acting only a stress modifier, but many recent studies have found a direct effect on stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress to determine whether it acts via direct effect or indirect effect.
METHODS
This study was performed in May 2003. The study population consisted of 425 male workers in an automobile factory in Korea. Data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. We used JCQ(Job Contents Questionnaires) to measure job stress and social support, and PWI-SF(Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form) to measure stress outcome. We analysed the relationships using Structural Equation Modeling software AMOS4.
RESULTS
It was found that social support acts both as a direct stressor and an indirect stressor via job stress. However the direct effect was double the indirect effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The direct effect of social support on stress was the more major. Therefore social support is an independent stressor rather than a stress modifier in automobile factory workers.

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