OBJECTIVES The association of workplace cumulative noise exposure and blood pressure was investigated in this study using cross-sectional design. METHODS The study population comprised 852 manufacturing male workers of whom occupational health examination data, questionnaire and personnel records were available. Workplace ambient noise monitoring data was used for calculating individual cumulative noise exposure level. Mean of each systolic and diastolic blood pressure of occupational health examination data was used for individual systolic and diastolic blood pressure level. Possible confounding variables including family history of hypertension, smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit were collected by questionnaire. On the basis of job location and duration of work at the location, a cumulative time-weighted average noise level was calculated for each workers. According to this cumulative noise exposure level, each study subject was categorized as low noise exposure group, moderate noise exposure group, high noise exposure group, very high noise exposure group. Among noise exposure groups, mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was compared after adjusting possible confounding variables such as age, body mass index, serum cholesterol level, family history of hypertension, smoking history, alcohol drinking habit. RESULTS After adjusting possible confounding variables, noise exposure group was significant explanatory variables for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of very high exposure group was higher than that of low exposure group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that the high cumulative noise exposure might elevate the blood pressure.
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OBJECTIVES We performed cost-benefit analysis to investigate the benefit of companies dispensary. METHODS We measured the cost and benefit of running a factory dispensary. This study focused on a factory with well arranged professional health-care staff. The study was carried out during 1995-1997. All the past values of cost and benefit were converted into present value. We used net benefit and cost/benefit ratio as determinants. RESULTS The net benefit of the object factory dispensary was -73,000,000 Won, and cost/benefit ratio was about 0.65. This result showed no profitability. CONCLUSION There would be limitation of generalization because this study included only one factory dispensary. As we did not consider many indirect benefits. the benefit portion might be underestimated. We should also think about the possibility of profitability. If one dispensary takes charge of two or more factories. then it can produce sufficient profit. With all of those efforts we dream the days of healthy workers will come.
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OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the chronic health effect of shiftwork on cardiovascular system. METHODS We checked blood pressure(BP) and heart rate variability(HRV) at every shift on 134 male workers whose shift type was 8-hour and short rotating of 3 days shift interval. As confoundings, job stress was measured by Karasek's JCQ 49 items questionnaire and circardian type was assessed by morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Smoking and alcohol drinking habit, marital status and past medical history were also acquired. We used the method of repeated measured data analysis with mixed model to show the association between shiftwork duration and BP or HRV. RESULTS Average age of workers was 29 years olds(range 25~44). Among them, 77.9 % were current smokers, 50 % were the passive type of job strain in Karasek's model. Mean shiftwork duration was 5.21 years(range 5.4 months~10 years). In circadian type, no one was definitely morning type or definitely evening type. In multivariate analyses adjusted by age, job strain, shift, circadian rhythm and smoking, blood pressure were showed significantly increasing trends according to shiftwork duration in both systolic and diastolic(p<0.05). Heart rate variability were also showed significantly decreasing trends according to shiftwork duration in both parasympathetic and sympathetic functions(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this studs suggests the chronic negative health effect of shiftwork on cardiovascular system.
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OBJECTIVES This study was carried out to determine the knowledge(K), attitude(A) and practice(P) on major industrial safety and health problems among on-the-job training students. METHODS We used self-administered questionnaire regarding rules or regulations, the management of hazardous materials, the work place hygiene, the use of protective device, arrangement and improvement job site, ventilation, safety and health education, and inspection and management of equipment. RESULTS In general, the mean score of KAP in educated group compared with non-educated group was significantly higher. As increasing the frequency of education, the mean scores of KAP were increased. There were not significant differences among 'work duration' groups on total mean scores of knowledge and practice. But on that of the attitude, there was significant differences among 'work duration'groups. There were significant differences among 'size of enterprise'groups on total mean scores of knowledge and attitude. But on that of the practice, there was no significant differences among'size of enterprise' groups. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, education frequency and method were significantly attributed to KAP, but the coefficient of determination were low. CONCLUSIONS it is suggested that the increase of education time was the most important thing for improving the knowledge, attitude and practice on industrial safety and health in technical high school students.
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Dimethylacetamide is widely used in the production of plastics, resins, synthetic fibers, and gums and in purification and crystallization processes. Inhalation of the vapor or skin absorption of the liquid of dimethylacetamide(DMAC) can cause liver damage. Toxic hepatitis possibly attributable to DMAC exposure occurred in seven works among 178 employees who had worked on a new spandex-fiber production line. A large amount of DMAC is used as a spinning solvent for synthetic fibers in the factory. The patients were aged 23-47 years old and composed of five males and two females. They were involved in the process of polymerization(1 patient), spinning(1), take-up(4) and packaging(1). The mean duration of exposure was 10 weeks. They experienced fatigue, dizziness and jaundice. The patients showed elavated total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels. The serologic test for viral hepatitis A, B and C were negative, as were the abdominal ultrasonographic scans. Based on the presumptive diagnosis of DMAC-induced toxic hepatitis, they were removed from the workplaces. One or two months after removal from the work, the transaminase levels returned to normal. The patients had no history of significant alcohol use, blood transfusion, recent medication, and drug abuse. As a result, authors could not find any attributable cause of toxic hepatitis but the toxicity by DMAC exposure.
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OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) and the types of workstation and chair in workers with repetitive motion tasks. METHODS The study subjects were 77 repetitive motion tasks workers at small manufacturing industries in Seoul and Gyung-gi district area. A questionnaire was used to obtain about health practice for prevention and prevalence of CTDs by worker. The type of Workstations and chairs in workers were measured and analyzed with prevalence of CTDs by logistic regression. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of workers recognized that work posture was related to workstation and chair. Most employers and employees didn't follow the work practice guidelines for workers with repetitive motion tasks. The prevalence of CTDs was 64% by questionnaire. The prevalence of pain in shoulder, neck, back, and arm were 38%, 15%, 6%, and 5%, respectively, and the pain started after working an average duration of 16.5 months. The CTDs symptoms were significantly related to thickness of workstation, height of workstation, length of knee depth under workstation, height of back rest, height of seat pan, depth of sitting surface, width of sitting surface, and length from workstation surface edge to shoulder. By multiple regression analysis of each risk factor, prevalence of CTDs was highly correlated with height of back rest, height of seat pan, and depth of sitting surface. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that workstations should be made adjustable for height and chairs should be equipped with seat pan height control, enough sitting surface for depth and width, back rest height and angle control. The workers should use the right working postures, exercise for health, occupational health education, and rest breaks and the manager of company should be educated for the preventing of CTDs.
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OBJECTIVE: In order to compare and find the HRQOL and it's determinants among occupationally injured workers, TA patients and general workers, we performed a crosssectional study in Masan and Changwon city, Korea. METHODS Cases were 169 occupationally injured workers who admitted in the hospital, and controls were 78 TA patients who admitted in the hospital and 166 general workers who worked at Ulsan industrial area. HRQOL were measured by SBQOL. We investigated confounding variables which were age, sex, marital status, employment status, family numbers, monthly income, diagnosis, treatment duration, expectation for health recovery, and expectation for return to work. We compared the HRQOL among occupationally injured workers, TA patients and general workers. We made four factors from twenty three items by factor analysis and used multiple logistic regression to find determinants on HRQOL in each group. RESULTS There were significant differences in HRQOL between case and control. The main determinants on HRQOL from multiple logistic regression varied in each group. In occupationally injured workers, age(OR 2.73), treatment duration(> 6 months) (OR 3.09) and expectation for return to work(OR 2.62) were main determinants for HRQOL. And age(OR 1.07), marital status(OR 7.41), family members(OR 5.73), expectation for health recovery(OR 4.23) in TA patients. However, monthly income (<1,300,000 won)(OR 1.76) were main determinants for HRQOL in general workers. CONCLUSION Return to work is major determinants of HRQOL for occupationally injured workers.
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OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hematological changes and the immunological function of children living near the petrochemical estate in Ulsan. METHODS The study subjects comprised of 238 children who consisted of 143 children living near the petrochemical estate and 95 children living in a suburban area. We conducted the hematological examination 3 times, in April, July and October. Also we evaluated the immunological function of some children in July. To confirm differences between schools repeated measures ANOVA of generalized linear model was done controlling age and sex as covariates. RESULTS The blood cell counts of children showed differences between schools in accordance with the survey month. The total WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts of children living in a suburban area decreased in July and increased in October again, but those of some children living near the petrochemical estate did not changed distinctly. The RBC counts of children living in a suburban area decreased in July and increased in October again, but those of some children living near the petrochemical estate decreased as time passed. The changes of the amount of hemoglobin of all study subjects were similar with those of RBC. The platelet counts of all study subjects decreased in July and increased in October again. In the generalized linear model, school was a significant independent variable for the total WBC, RBC, and platelet counts, and sex was a significant independent variable for the RBC counts. Age was a significant independent variable for the lymphocyte and platelet counts. P values of all blood cell were statistically significant in interaction variable between the survey month and school, and those of the total WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were statistically significant in interaction variable between the survey month and age. The immunological function showed no significant difference between study groups. CONCLUSIONS The total WBC and RBC counts which would be easily affected by volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the atmosphere showed differences between schools in accordance with the survey month. This suggests that the amounts of exposure to VOCs are different among each school children in different months. To ascertain the hematological changes by VOCs, an additional study evaluating the concentrations of atmosphere of VOCs and biological monitoring of some VOCs is needed.
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