Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

A case of asbestosis: Young Su Lee, Tae Won Jang, Ho Dae Yu, Maan Hong Jung, Yong Hwan Lee, Ji Young Suh, Bang Hur, Jae Sung Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):119-124. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.119

Abstract PDF: Asbestosis is the disease of pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhaled asbestos fibers, and could be diagnosed clinically, in the case of exposure history to asbestos is proved, by clinical symptoms of dyspnea or dry cough, physical examination findings, and the radiographic features. But many other inorganic dusts would show similar findings in the chest radiogram and sometimes the exposure history is obscure, so for the exact diagnosis of asbestosis lung biopsy is needed. In Korea, there have been some reports of survey in the workplace where asbestos is handled or of asbestos related diseases. This is a case report of asbestosis with accompanying pleural plaques, who had the occupational exposure to asbestos for 30 years and the consistent clinical, radiographic and pathological findings in the lung tissue obtained by the videoscope assisted thoracoscopic biopsy(VATS).

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Tympanic Membrane Perforation Due to Metal Spark in a Welder: Kyoo Sang Kim, Tae Gee Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):113-118. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.113

Injury to the ear in welders is a recognized but poorly documented entity. The risk for ear injury from molten metal or hot sparks produced during welding procedures is low, but the effects can be significant. Burns, tympanic membrane perforations and chonic otorrhoea are the most common results. One case recently experienced at our institution highlight the risk that exists for middle ear injury. The traumatic thermal injury was caused by a metal spark perforating the tympanic membrane during welding. Neither subject was using ear protection at the time. The use of ear protection is strongly advocated during welding operations that place the ear at risk.

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Occupational Hearing Loss in Korea
Kyoo Sang Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S62. CrossRef

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A Study on the N-methylformamide Excretion Rate of Workers at Synthetic Leather Factories in Korea: Ki Woong Kim, Byung Soon Choi, Seong Kyu Kang, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):106-112. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.106

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to examine the excretion rate of dimethylformamide (DMF) from the workers exposed to DMF. The study was done at two synthetic leather factories located in Kyeonggi-do from the period of May 2 to 30, 1996. N-methyl- formamide (NMF) concentrations in urine were measured and compared by the three exposure level of DMF in air. The mean concentration of the Low (dry and winder part). Moderate (rinsing part) and High (mixing and coating part) exposure group were 3.99+/-3.54. 10.19 +/-5.69 and 32.10+/-7.87 mg/m3 during workshift of 8 hours, respectively. The mean concentration of urinary N-methylforinamide (NMF) were 2.13+/-2.58, 11.16+/-4.98 and 26.24 +/-7.35 mg/g creatinine, respectively. The concentration of NMIF in urine could reach to maximum in 3 hours and was reduced nearly to zero in about 18 hours after exposure to DMF.

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Hepatotoxicity in Rats Treated with Dimethylformamide or Toluene or Both
Ki-Woong Kim, Yong Hyun Chung
Toxicological Research.2013; 29(3): 187. CrossRef
Assessment of correlation between markers of ambient monitoring and biological monitoring of dimethylformamide for workers in synthetic leather manufacturing factories in Korea
Yang In Hwang, Mi-Young Lee, Yun Kyung Chung, Eun A Kim
Analytical Science and Technology.2013; 26(5): 315. CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology
Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2011; 2(2): 97. CrossRef

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Stress Relating Factors of Working Women in a Bank: Kyung Tae Jung, Seong Sil Chang, Kang Sook Lee, Yeon Kyeng Lee, Dong Bae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):95-105. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.95

Abstract PDF

We surveyed 343 female bank clerks to find out associations between stress and a variety of factors including general, menstruation and reproductive characteristics of the participants. Unmarried women composed the majority of younger, lower income and lower education groups than married did. They also showed higher. though not significantly higher, scores for psychosocial well being index(PWJ) and the first three items of the stress survey. And married women scored slightly higher only in the fourth item of the stress survey. Among the subgroups of married and unmarried women, many factors contributed to a higher stress score in two or more items of the stress survey; in unmarried women, lower education level, little physical exercise, and large family inhabitants, in contrast married women, higher monthly income and greater working hours were related to higher stress scores. According to the menstruation factors, subgroups with dysmenorrhea or irregular cycle and scanty bleedig volume in unmarried women and subgroups with dysmenorrhea in married women showed higher stress scores in PWI. In married women, the proportion of those who have been pregnant was 77.2% and the proportion of those who have experienced spontaneous abortion was 24.1%. Those who have ever experienced two or more spontaneous abortion showed higher, though not statistically significantly higher. scores for PWI. In conclusion, dysmenorrhea was associated with high stress score in two groups. And the other factors related to higher score of PWJ were different between unmarred and married women, which should be considered in a management plan for mental health promotion.

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Work - Family Conflict and Stress: Evidence from Malaysia
Nurnazirah Jamadin, Samsiah Mohamad, Zurwina Syarkawi, Fauziah Noordin
Journal of Economics, Business and Management.2015; 3(2): 309. CrossRef

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A Study on Health Hazards of Cold Exposed Workers: Ho Chu Park, Seol Mi Jung, Deog Hwan Moon, Jong Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jae Il Choi, Yong Shik Hwang, Yong Hee Lee, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):80-94. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.80

Abstract PDF

In order to evaluate the status of cold exposure and its health hazards of workers at cold storage workplaces and to provide basic data for effective health care, the author measured core temperature and also observed clinical symptoms and signs, past and present history, and general health examination data on 99 cold exposed workers for exposure group and 96 non-exposed workers for control group working at 2 food refrigerating companies in Pusan area from January 6, 1998 to February 24, 1998. The results were as follows : 1. There was statistically significant difference in water intake between the exposure and control group and increased urine volume, urine frequency in exposure group without statistically significant difference. 2. Past and present illness in exposure group were hypertension (18.2%), hepatopathy(8. 1%). gastro-intestinal disease(7. 1%). arthritis (4.0%), intervertebral disc herniation(4.0%). and so on, and hypertension, arthritis was statistically significant difference compared to control group. 3. Symptoms inexposure group were. fatigue(89.9%), headache (64.6%), drowsy(63.6%), neck stiffness(59.6%), excessive food intake (59.6%). general weakness(58.6%), hunger(58. 6%), numbness(54. 5%), and so on, and there was statistically significant difference between the exposure and control group except fatigue, drowsy. 4. As results of clinical test abnormality rate of the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were significantly higher in exposed group that control. 5. Core temperature in exposure group was statistically significantly lower than control group and the highest statistically significant inverse correlation with the working hours and working frequency of daily mean cold storage. As above results, the author suggested that the further studies should be conducted to evaluate the health status of workers about chronic health effects in cold workplaces and to establish effective health care methods for them.

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Physiological Reaction to Work in Cold Microclimate
Alicja Bortkiewicz, Elżbieta Gadzicka, Wiesław Szymczak, Agata Szyjkowska, Wiesława Koszada-Włodarczyk, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health.2006;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship between Cold Exposure and Hypertension
Joon‐Youn Kim, Kap‐Yeol Jung, Young‐Seoub Hong, Jung‐Il Kim, Tae‐Won Jang, Jung‐Man Kim
Journal of Occupational Health.2003; 45(5): 300. CrossRef

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A Study of Working Status and Industrial Accidents for Migrant Workers in Korea: Jeong Ah Kim, Jae Wook Choi, Hae Joon Kim, Jong Tae Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):66-79. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.66

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to evaluate and to recognize the status and the problems of working conditions, and industrial accidents for migrant workers in a group of 342 who lives in Ansan area, Kyunggi province. By the questionnaire written by 5 languages (English, Bangladesh, Indonesian, Chinese and Korean), the informations of socio-demographic factors, occupational conditions of engaged company and general & occupational health status were obtained from June, 1st to July 30th, 1998. We used the ANOVA to examine differences of working hours, days and average monthly wages between overseas industrial trainee and illegal migrant workers, and by using logistic regression, odds ratio of general risk factors for industrial accidents in migrant workers were calculated. The results obtained were as follows 1. The major distribution of nationals were from Philippine, Indonesia, Bangladesh and China(92.1%), and the most of subjects were man(78.9%) and over high school graduate(81.9%). 2. Most migrant workers worked at small scale companies under 50 employees, and engaged in dye, textile clothing, leather industry. The average working hours were 59.9 hours per week in overseas industrial trainee, 64.9 hours in illegal migrant worker respectively. 3. Trainees have transferred to another company for 1.89 times, and workers who have changed qualification from trainee to illegal status were 3.09 tims, and illegal workers moved 2.36 times. The major portion of reason to move to another company were low salary and overdue salary. 4. Trainees, workers who have changed position from trainee to illegal status, and illegal workers knows 62.27%, 42.31%, and 20.45% in each about legal documentation for foreign industrial trainees in Korea "Regulations for protecting and managing of foreign industrial trainees in Korea" published on March 1995. Additionally, trainees and illegal workers have experienced medical examination by 52.3% and 18.2% respectively. 5. Industrial accident condition from Jun. 1st, 1997 to Dec. 3lth, 1997 were as follows in case of frequent rate, trainees and illegal workers were 30.04, 23.78 each, and 8.6%, 7.4% for industrial accident rate respectively. 6. The most common causes and types of industrial accident were inappropriate motions of body and abrasion, and body sites most vulnerable to injury were the hands and fingers. The results suggest that working status and industrial accidents of migrant workers are very poor in Korea. Therefore, occupational safety and health policy aimed at migrant workers are needed to protect the migrant workers.

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Occupational Characteristics and Health Status of Vietnamese Male Migrant Workers in the Republic of Korea
Ohwi Kwon, Ji-Hun Song, Jeong-Ok Kong, Seong-Won Ma, Young Shin Lee, Joonho Ahn
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(3): 267. CrossRef
A Study on the Characteristics of Injured Workers Rate and Work Environment of Male Workers for over 40 years
Kil-Yong Choi, Kyung-Soo Yang
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(1): 131. CrossRef

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain among the Production Workers in a Steel and a Welding Material Manufacturing Factories: Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Doohie Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yang Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):52-65. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.52

Abstract PDF

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group than the satisfied group(p < 0.01), However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job(point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence: OR=1.94. 95% CI: 1.44-2.61: one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77) and tenure(point prevalence: OR=1.03. 95% CI: 1.01-1.06: one year prevalence: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05).

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Occupational Low Back Pain among Seafarer’s
Jae-Ho KIM
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(4): 1265. CrossRef

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The Occupational Health Status of the Small Scale Industries Participated in the 1997 Subsidiary Program on Health Care Management: Ji Yong Kim, Do Myung Peak, Eun Hee Kim, Eun Hi Ha, Sun Mean Kim, Jung Sun Park, Kyung Ja June, Hea Sun Jung, Hea Sook Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):33-51. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.33

Abstract PDF

The small scale industries in Korea are important in occupational health care management due to high accident rate and poor working condition. The authors surveyed the 4,811 small scale industries participated in the 1997 subsidiary program on health care management. The contents of survey were the general characteristics of the factory, the results of workers' general and occupational health examination, the results of workplace environmental monitoring, and the number of occupational accident and injured person at 1995 and 1996. We classified all industries by 67 groups. The prevalence of the general disease was higher in 'Manufacture of other fabricated metal productsj. rManufacture of textiles', 'Manufacture of basic metalsj. In occupational disease, that was higher in FManufacture of metal products', 'Manufacture of basic metals', so in environmental monitoring in 'Manufacture of textiles', 'Manufacture of other fabricated metal products' 'Printfrig' in occupational injuries in 'Manufacture of chemical products', 'Manufacture of basic metals'. However the factories of 'manufacture of motor vehicle', 'manufacture of machine and equipment', 'manufacture of electric product' in the program are large in magnitude, but less important in occupational health management. We observed that the prevalence of general disease, occupational disease, workplace environmental monitoring, occupational injuries of subsidized industries in 1996 were increased compared with those in 1995. and were larger than those of nationwide statistics. These phenomenon shows that the subsidiary health program for participated industries is important and to be urgent. We observed that the major groups in district were different and so the approaching method of each district must be various and different. And the health program manager should focus on the C grade in health examination and the action level in workplace monitoring more than the D grade and the permissible level.

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Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of health and safety problem recognition on small business facility investment
Jisu Park, Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Jong-Tae Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Jongseo Kim, Hae-Joon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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Reference Value of Cadmium in Myocardium in Korean: Jung Duck Park, Heon Bang Lim, Byung Sun Choi, Il Hoon Kweon, Sang Yeon Lee, Eun Yong Kang, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):24-32. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.24

Abstract PDF: Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and non-essential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies(male 172, female 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 microgram/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male(0. 18 microgram/g wet weight) and female(0.22 microgram/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 microgram/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male(25.13 microgram/g wet weight) and female(25.57 microgram/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation Log Heart-Cd = -1.2726 + 0.0234 Age - 0.0002 Age2. The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 microgram/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation Total Cd burden in Heart = -10.165 + 2.891 Age - 0.0258 Age2. The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7 microgram at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195 +/- 0.0262- Log Heart-Cd.

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A Meta-analysis on the Association between Bladder Cancer and Glutathione S transferase mu Genetic Polymorphism: Sang Baek Koh, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park, Chun Bae Kim, Myung Gun Kang, Ki Woong Kim, Won Jin Lee, Soung Hoon Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):13-23. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.13

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies which assess the relationship between bladder cancer and Glutathione S transferase mu genetic polymorphism. We retrieved the literatures using MEDLINE search, with bladder cancer and Glutathione S transferase as key words, which were reported from 1980 to October 1998. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows; 1) The paper should have histologically confirmed bladder cancer as case definition. 2) The paper should use the GSTM1 gene typing as method for analysis. Among 59 retrieved articles, fourteen studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The overall effect size of the risk of bladder cancer due to GSTM1 was calculated by common odds ratio. Before the integration of each effect sizes into common effect sizes, the homogeneity test were conducted. All studies were case control design and cases were transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. And only four papers used matching technique. Homogeneity of studies were rejected by Breslow-Day test(P<0.01), so random effect model was used for evaluation of odds ratio. The overall odds ratio of GSTM1 associated with bladder cancer was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.90) and cumulative odds ratio became more stable when the study subjects were over 1,500. Our result suggested that positive association be found between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and bladder cancer.

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Performance of Neurobehavioral Tests Among Welders Exposed to Manganese: Youngwoo Jin, Yangho Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Euna Kim, Young Sook Cho, Yong Chul Shin, Changho Chai, Younghyu Choi, Se Hoon Lee, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):1-12. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.1

Abstract PDF

To study neurobehavioral effects for manganese fume exposure of welders, we administrated questionnaire about subjective symptom, related with manganese exposure. Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery of World Health Qrganization(NCTB) and finger tapping for 98 welders and 29 non-welding workers. We adopted welding duration as a criterion for exposure assessment, because of the lack of the longitudinal valid data and differences in airborne concentrations of manganese in welding types, such as shielded metal arc and CO2 arc welding. Neurologic, musculoskeletal and concentration symptoms were significantly increased by increase of welding duration. Performance of finger tapping preferred hand, Santa Ana dexterity test preferred hand and correct number of pursuit aiming were significantly decreased by increase of welding duration. These results comparable with previous studies that suggest neurobehavioral test, especially motor test, to be an appropriate tool to detect early neurobehavioral abnormalities related with manganeses exposure.

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Manganese exposure and cognitive performance: A meta-analytical approach
Thomas Vlasak, Tanja Dujlovic, Alfred Barth
Environmental Pollution.2023; 332: 121884. CrossRef
Derivation of an occupational exposure level for manganese in welding fumes
Lisa A. Bailey, Laura E. Kerper, Julie E. Goodman
NeuroToxicology.2018; 64: 166. CrossRef
Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature
Robert M. Park
Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(3): 123. CrossRef
Neuropsychological effects of low-level manganese exposure in welders
Wisanti Laohaudomchok, Xihong Lin, Robert F. Herrick, Shona C. Fang, Jennifer M. Cavallari, Ruth Shrairman, Alexander Landau, David C. Christiani, Marc G. Weisskopf
NeuroToxicology.2011; 32(2): 171. CrossRef
Occupational Psychiatric Disorders in Korea
Kyeong-Sook Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef
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Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef
Exposure-Response Relationship and Risk Assessment for Cognitive Deficits in Early Welding-Induced Manganism
Robert M. Park, Rosemarie M. Bowler, Harry A. Roels
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2009; 51(10): 1125. CrossRef
State-of-the-Science Review: Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk?
Annette B. Santamaria, Colleen A. Cushing, James M. Antonini, Brent L. Finley, Fionna S. Mowat
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2007; 10(6): 417. CrossRef
High signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of neurobehavioral performance of workers exposed to manganese
Yong Chul Shin, Euna Kim, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Sungil Cho, Joon Sakong, Kyoo Sang Kim, Jung Sun Yang, Young-Woo Jin, Seong-Kyu Kang, Yangho Kim
NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 257. CrossRef
Sequelae of fume exposure in confined space welding: A neurological and neuropsychological case series
Rosemarie M. Bowler, Sanae Nakagawa, Marija Drezgic, Harry A. Roels, Robert M. Park, Emily Diamond, Donna Mergler, Maryse Bouchard, Russell P. Bowler, William Koller
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Issues in neurological risk assessment for occupational exposures: The Bay Bridge welders
Robert M. Park, Rosemarie M. Bowler, Donald E. Eggerth, Emily Diamond, Katie J. Spencer, Donald Smith, Roberto Gwiazda
NeuroToxicology.2006; 27(3): 373. CrossRef

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