Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Sung-il Cho

6 Articles

Second hand smoke exposure in workplace by job status and occupations: Hyunhee Park, Sung-il Cho, Changhun Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:3. Published online January 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0282-z

Background

The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) during working hours by job status and occupation.

Methods

Using the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), 49,674 respondents who answered the question about SHS were studied. A chi-square test was carried out to determine whether there is a significant different in SHS exposure frequency by general and occupational characteristics and experience of discrimination at work and logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the risk level of SHS exposure by variables.

Results

In this study, we found that male workers in their 40s and 50s, workers employed in workplaces with fewer than 50 employees, daily workers, and people working outdoors had a higher rate of exposure to SHS than the others. The top five occupations with the highest SHS exposure were construction and mining-related occupations, metal core-makers-related trade occupations, wood and furniture, musical instrument, and signboard-related trade occupations, transport and machine-related trade occupations, transport and leisure services occupations. The least five exposed occupations were public and enterprise senior officers, legal and administrative professions, education professionals, and health, social welfare, and religion-related occupations.

Conclusion

Tobacco smoke is a significant occupational hazard. Smoking ban policy in the workplace can be a very effective way to reduce the SHS exposure rate in the workplace and can be more effective if specifically designed by the job status and various occupations.

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A Comparison of Measured Airborne and Self-Reported Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort Study
Karl O’Sharkey, Yan Xu, Jane Cabison, Marisela Rosales, Thomas Chavez, Mark Johnson, Tingyu Yang, Seung-Hyun Cho, Ryan Chartier, Deborah Lerner, Nathana Lurvey, Claudia M Toledo Corral, Myles Cockburn, Meredith Franklin, Shohreh F Farzan, Theresa M Bastai
Nicotine and Tobacco Research.2024; 26(6): 669. CrossRef
Association between temporary employment and current smoking and change in smoking behaviors: A prospective cohort study from South Korea (2009–2018)
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparison of Measured Airborne and Self-Reported Secondhand Smoke Exposure in the Madres Pregnancy Cohort Study
Karl O'Sharkey, Yan Xu, Jane Cabison, Marisela Rosales, Thomas Chavez, Mark Johnson, Tingyu Yang, Seung-Hyun Cho, Ryan Chartier, Claudia M. Toledo Corral, Myles Cockburn, Meredith Franklin, Shohreh F. Farzan, Theresa Bastain, Carrie V. Breton, Rima H
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Inconsistency between Self-Response and Urine Cotinine Biomarker Based on Korean National Data during 2009–2018
Boram Sim, Myung-Bae Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 9284. CrossRef
Self-reported secondhand smoke exposure following the adoption of a national smoke-free policy in Poland: analysis of serial, cross-sectional, representative surveys, 2009–2019
Mateusz Jankowski, Vaughan Rees, Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński, Dorota Kaleta, Mariusz Gujski, Jarosław Pinkas
BMJ Open.2020; 10(9): e039918. CrossRef

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Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey: Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e28. Published online October 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e28

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Background

Discrimination is a representative social determinant of health. Presenteeism is defined as presenting to work despite of illness and is an indicator of group health. We investigated the association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease using Korean data.

Methods

This study used the fourth Korea Working Conditions Survey (2014) data of 27,662 wage workers (employees). Presenteeism and discrimination related to age, sex, education, birth region, and employment type were ascertained. Self-reported cardiovascular disease was also assessed using the survey questionnaire. General and occupational characteristics found to be significant in univariate analyses were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease. We also calculated the odds ratios of multiple discriminations and/or presenteeism for cardiovascular disease.

Results

In the univariate analyses, sex, age, education, monthly income, employment type, occupation, hours worked per week, workplace scale, and shift work were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease. A multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for general and occupational characteristics showed that discrimination and presenteeism were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease. Finally, the association with cardiovascular disease was strongest when both multiple discriminations and presenteeism were present.

Conclusions

Discrimination and presenteeism are associated with cardiovascular disease, and this association was stronger in the presence of multiple types of discrimination and presenteeism.

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The effect of occupational coping self-efficacy on presenteeism among ICU nurses in Chinese public hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Jijun Wu, Yuxin Li, Qin Lin, Jiquan Zhang, Zhenfan Liu, Xiaoli Liu, Xian Rong, Xiaoli Zhong
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sickness Presenteeism in Shift and Non-Shift Nurses: Using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Ari Min, Minkyung Kang, Hye Chong Hong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 3236. CrossRef

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Association between working time quality and self-perceived health: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011): Jaeyoup Jung, Gyuree Kim, Kyusung Kim, Domyung Paek, Sung-il Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:55. Published online November 13, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0211-y

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Background

Self-perceived health, a subjective assessment of one’s health condition, is an important health indicator at the level of quality of life. In this study, working time quality refer to job factors with qualitative aspects of working time. This study was conducted to investigate the association between working time quality and self-perceived health in paid workers in Korea.

Methods

In this study, 35,902 paid workers were analyzed based on the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. For independent variables, working time quality (working at night, working in the evenings, working on Sundays, working on Saturdays, and working more than 10 h a day) were set as major job-related variables. Other occupational characteristics were divided into 6 groups and general characteristics were divided into 6 groups, and univariate analysis was conducted with self-perceived health, a dependent variable. Variables that had significance in the univariate analysis were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

In the univariate analysis using Chi-square test, variables showing significance in self-perceived health were age, income, education, occupation, employment type, work hours per week, and shift work. Working time quality showed a significant association with self-perceived health. After adjusting for these variables using logistic regression analysis, working at night, working in the evening, working on Sundays, and working more than 10 h a day showed significant association with self-perceived health.

Conclusions

This study showed a statistically significant association between working time quality of employees with self-perceived health.

Citations

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Examining the structural effect of working time on well-being: Evidence from Abu Dhabi
Masood Badri, Mugheer Al Khaili, Hamad Aldhaheri, Guang Yang, Muna Al Bahar, Asma Al Rashdi
Social Sciences & Humanities Open.2022; 6(1): 100317. CrossRef
The mediating role of unhealthy behavior in the relationship between shift work and perceived health
Karin I. Proper, Eva Jaarsma, Suzan J. W. Robroek, Jolinda L. D. Schram, Hendriek Boshuizen, H. Susan J. Picavet, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Sandra H. van Oostrom
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Job Quality Indices Affecting Work–Life Balance in South Korea According to Employee Gender
Seung-Hye Choi, Eun Young Choi, Haeyoung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(13): 4819. CrossRef
Salaried Workers’ Self-Perceived Health and Psychosocial Risk in Guayaquil, Ecuador
Antonio Ramón Gómez-García, Cecilia Alexandra Portalanza-Chavarría, Christian Arturo Arias-Ulloa, César Eduardo Espinoza-Samaniego
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 9099. CrossRef
Impact of Self-Rated Health on Progression to a Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype in Metabolically Healthy Obese and Non-Obese Individuals
Mi-Hyun Kim, Yoosoo Chang, Hyun-Suk Jung, Hocheol Shin, Seungho Ryu
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(1): 34. CrossRef
Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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IgA nephropathy in a laboratory worker that progressed to end-stage renal disease: a case report: Bokki Min, Gyuree Kim, Taesun Kang, Chungsik Yoon, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:35. Published online August 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0118-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis, a principal cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The mechanisms of onset and progression of IgAN have not been fully revealed, and epidemiologic studies have yielded diverging opinions as to the role of occupational exposure to organic solvents in the initiation or worsening of IgAN. As the authors encountered a laboratory worker with IgAN that progressed to ESRD, we present a case report of IgAN progression due to dichloromethane exposure along with a review of literature.
Case presentation
A 41-year-old male laboratory worker began to experience gross painless hematuria after two years of occupational exposure to toluene. Although clinical follow-up was initiated under the impression of IgAN based on clinical findings, the patient continued to work for four more years in the same laboratory, during which he was in charge of laboratory analysis with direct exposure to a high concentration of dichloromethane without proper protective equipment. During that time, his renal function rapidly worsened and finally progressed to ESRD 10 years after the first clinical symptoms. The result of exposure assessment through reenactment of his work exceeded the occupational exposure limit for dichloromethane to a considerable degree.
Conclusions
The causal association between occupational solvent exposure and IgAN is still unclear; therefore, this case report could be used as a basis to support the relevance of occupational solvent exposure to IgAN and/or its progression. Early intervention as well as close monitoring of laboratory workers exposed to various organic solvents is important to prevent or delay the progression of glomerulonephritis to ESRD in the occupational setting.

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The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011): Gyuree Kim, Bokki Min, Jaeyoup Jung, Domyung Paek, Sung-il Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:46. Published online September 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0131-2

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Background

Sleep disorder is a disease that causes reduction in quality of life and work efficiency of workers. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder among wageworkers in Korea.

Methods

This study was based on analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. We analyzed 35,902 workers whose employment status is wageworker. We classified the job-related stress factor into 12 sections. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder and Odds ratio and 95 % CI were calculated using the SPSS version 23.0 program.

Results

Many categories of Job-related stress factor were correlated with sleep disorder (8 of 12 for women, 10 of 12 for men). The results of the regression analysis, corrected for general and occupational characteristics, indicated that sleep disorder was significantly correlated with the following categories of job-related stress: discrimination experience (OR 3.37, 95 % CI = 2.49 ~ 4.56 in women, OR 1.96, 95 % CI = 1.53 ~ 2.51 in men), direct customer confrontation (OR 2.72, 95 % CI = 1.91 ~ 3.86 in women, OR 1.99, 95 % CI = 1.45 ~ 2.72 in men), emotional stress (OR 2.01, 95 % CI = 1.30 ~ 3.09 in men), work dissatisfaction (detailed) (OR 1.99, 95 % CI = 1.36 ~ 2.93 in men), work dissatisfaction (overall) (OR 2.30, 95 % CI = 1.66 ~ 3.20 in women, OR 2.40, 95 % CI = 1.88 ~ 3.08 in men), expression of opinion difficulty (OR 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.48 ~ 0.92 in women, OR 0.57, 95 % CI = 0.45 ~ 0.73 in men).

Conclusion

A number of studies have reported that stress affects sleep disorder. In this study, many factors suspected to increase the risk of sleep disorder were added to previously known job stress factors. In particular, this study found a strong correlation between work-associated sleep disorder and relational and organizational job stress factors. Sleep disorder may lead to large decreases in workers’ quality of life and work efficiency. Awareness and interventions are therefore required to reduce workplace stress; additional research of this topic is also required.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

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Association between high emotional demand at work, burnout symptoms, and sleep disturbance among Korean workers: a cross-sectional mediation analysis
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between discrimination in the workplace and insomnia symptoms
Suhwan Ju, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim, Hoje Ryu, Hyunjun Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between sleep quality and type of shift work in Korean firefighters
Hyun-Jeong Oh, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Won Jang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
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Stressful life events and poor sleep quality: a cross-sectional survey in the Chinese governmental employees
Yi-Lu Li, Dan Qiu, Cheng Hu, Fei-Yun Ouyang, Jun He, Di-Fan Zang, Dan Luo, Shui-Yuan Xiao
Sleep Medicine.2021; 85: 123. CrossRef
Disability and Economic Loss Caused by Headache among Information Technology Workers in Korea
Byung-Kun Kim, Soo-Jin Cho, Chang-Soo Kim, Fumihiko Sakai, David W. Dodick, Min Kyung Chu
Journal of Clinical Neurology.2021; 17(4): 546. CrossRef
Associations between multiple occupational exposures and sleep problems: Results from the national French Working Conditions survey
Sandrine Bertrais, Noëmie André, Marilyne Bèque, Jean‐François Chastang, Isabelle Niedhammer
Journal of Sleep Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xuexue Deng, Ronghua Fang, Yaoting Cai
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Assessing the Association Between Emotional Labor and Presenteeism Among Nurses in Korea: Cross-sectional Study Using the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Safety and Health at Work.2020; 11(1): 103. CrossRef
Job insecurity, economic hardship, and sleep problems in a national sample of salaried workers in Spain
Sergio Salas-Nicás, Grace Sembajwe, Albert Navarro, Salvador Moncada, Clara Llorens, Orfeu M. Buxton
Sleep Health.2020; 6(3): 262. CrossRef
Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Work Characteristics on the Association Between Police Stress and Sleep Quality
Claudia C. Ma, Tara A. Hartley, Khachatur Sarkisian, Desta Fekedulegn, Anna Mnatsakanova, Sherry Owens, Ja Kook Gu, Cathy Tinney-Zara, John M. Violanti, Michael E. Andrew
Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(1): 30. CrossRef
Effects of changes in occupational stress on the depressive symptoms of Korean workers in a large company: a longitudinal survey
Jaehyuk Jung, Inchul Jeong, Kyung-Jong Lee, Guyeon Won, Jae Bum Park
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Association between insomnia and job stress: a meta-analysis
Bing Yang, Yongwei Wang, Fangfang Cui, Ting Huang, Peijia Sheng, Ting Shi, Chan Huang, Yajia Lan, Yi-Na Huang
Sleep and Breathing.2018; 22(4): 1221. CrossRef
Work–Life Imbalance and Musculoskeletal Disorders among South Korean Workers
Young-Mee Kim, Sung-il Cho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(11): 1331. CrossRef

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Effect of Long Working Hours on Self-reported Hypertension among Middle-aged and Older Wage Workers: Dong Hyun Yoo, Mo-yeol Kang, Domyung Paek, Bokki Min, Sung-il Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:25-25. Published online September 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0025-0

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Many studies have reported an association between overwork and hypertension. However, research on the health effects of long working hours has yielded inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to identify an association between overtime work and hypertension in wage workers 45 years and over of age using prospective data.

Methods

Wage workers in Korea aged 45 years and over were selected for inclusion in this study from among 10,254 subjects from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Workers with baseline hypertension and those with other major diseases were excluded. In the end, a total of 1,079 subjects were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios and adjust for baseline characteristics such as sex, age, education, income, occupation, form of employment, body mass index, alcohol habit, smoking habit, regular exercise, and number of working days per week. Additional models were used to calculate hazard ratios after gender stratification.

Results

Among the 1,079 subjects, 85 workers were diagnosed with hypertension during 3974.2 person-months. The average number of working hours per week for all subjects was 47.68. The proportion of overtime workers was 61.0% (cutoff, 40 h per week). Compared with those working 40 h and less per week, the hazard ratio of subjects in the final model, which adjusted for all selected variables, working 41-50 h per week was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–4.06), that of subjects working 51-60 h per week was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.07–5.39), and that of subjects working 61 h and over per week was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.33–6.20). In gender stratification models, the hazard ratio of the females tended to be higher than that of the males.

Conclusion

As the number of working hours per week increased, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of hypertension significantly increased. This result suggests a positive association between overtime work and the risk of hypertension.

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