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Sang Baek Koh 38 Articles
The Relationship of Physical and Psychosocial Risk Factors to Work-related Musculoskeletal Upper Extremity Symptoms amongst Male Automobile Manufacturing Workers
Ki Hyun Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Sung Soo Oh, Sung Hoon Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):72-85.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.72
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted using male automobile manufacturing workers in order to examine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. A total of 1,793 male workers were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding general characteristics, health related behaviors, work-related characteristics, job stress, ergonomic risk factors, and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (neck, shoulder, arm, and hand). Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. In order to measure the physical risk factors, the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z-365 Quick checklist was incorporated into the questionnaire. Job stressors were measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed that examined the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The result showed that the physical and psychosocial risk factors were associated with musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. The workers with high physical risk factors reported more musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62). The workers with high job stress were more likely to have an increased risk of musculoskeletal upper extremity symptom compared to those with normal job stress (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 2.03~3.47). A significant relationship between the combined effects of physical and psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms was also found. The workers exposed to high physical risk factors, high job stress, and long working hours were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors, normal job stress and moderate working hours(OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that some physical and psychosocial risk factors increase the risk of work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers. In order to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders amongst automobile manufacturing workers, it is strongly recommended to manage the physical psychosocial risks occurring in the workplace.

Citations

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  • The moderating effect of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in relation to occupational stress and health-related quality of life of construction workers: a cross-sectional research
    Soo Jeong, Byoung-Hee Lee
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-Related Upper Extremity Disorders among University Teaching Staff in Ethiopia, 2021: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen, Mekuriaw Alemayehu, Giziew Abere, Redha Taiar
    Pain Research and Management.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of an Active Tailored Exercise Program on Pain and Oswestry Disability Index in Automobile Manufacturing Workers with Musculoskeletal Symptoms of the Low Back
    Won-Ho Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(3): 109.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Muscle Strength and Posture among Automobile Parts Manufacturing Workers and the Necessity of the Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention Program
    Il-Ho Kwon, Won-Seob Shin
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(4): 173.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training
    Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(4): 523.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
    Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314.     CrossRef
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Suicide Trend of Standardized Mortality Ratio and Age Standardized Proportion Mortality Ratio According to Occupational Groups in Korea: 1993-2007
Jin Ha Yoon, Ki Hyun Lee, Kyu Yeon Hahn, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Seong Ho Min, Kyung Suk Lee, Hye Seon Chae, Aeyong Eom, Sang Baek Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):173-182.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A number of studies on the trends of socioeconomic differences in suicide mortality have indicated that these inequality gaps have widened over time and highlight that certain occupations have more suicide risk than others. However suicide rates according to occupation based socioeconomic position have not been frequently studied in Korea. The purpose of this study is to report trends and inequality of suicide according to occupation based social class during 1993-2007 in Korea and to identify occupations with significantly high standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) for both men and women.
METHODS
Korean census records for the years 1995, 2000, and 2005 were linked with the cause of death records from Korean National Statistical Office (KNSO) for the periods 1993-1997, 1998-2003, and 2004-2007 respectively. This data was used to calculate age adjusted proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for both men and women aged 25~54 years according to five occupation based socioeconomic positions.
RESULTS
Among men, the agricultural-fishery-forestry group had the greatest suicide rate (SMR: 341) with a high PMR (113) and the manual labor group showed the highest PMR (118), while the managers-professional occupation group showed the lowest sPMR (78) and SMR (21). Among women, the agricultural-fishery group had the highest score in SMR (316) and PMR (130), and the technical-artificer group showed the lowest sPMR (71) and SMR (27). The inequality gaps in the suicide mortality rate according to occupation had widened during 1998-2002, but showed a recovery trend plot after 2003.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the occupation based socioeconomic inequalities show a recovery trend after 2003, the excess inequality from suicide remains as high as it was prior to the 2002 year in some occupational groups. The results of the current study indicate that the manual and agricultural-fishery-forestry groups were high risk groups of suicide.

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  • Health and Mortality in Korean Healthcare Workers
    Yoonhee Shin, Ui Jeong Kim, Hye Ah Lee, Eun Jeong Choi, Hyun Jin Park, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyesook Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Suicide Trends over Time by Occupation in Korea and Their Relationship to Economic Downturns
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Sun Jae Jung, Jaesung Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(11): 2007.     CrossRef
  • Suppressing emotion and engaging with complaining customers at work related to experience of depression and anxiety symptoms: a nationwide cross-sectional study
    Jin-Ha YOON, Mo-Yeol KANG, Dayee JEUNG, Sei-Jin CHANG
    INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2017; 55(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Does High Emotional Demand with Low Job Control Relate to Suicidal Ideation among Service and Sales Workers in Korea?
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Dayee Jeung, Sei-Jin Chang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(7): 1042.     CrossRef
  • Oral Health and Occupational Status among Korean Adults
    Bo-Mi Shin, Soo-Myoung Bae, Sang-Hee Yoo, Sun-Jung Shin
    Journal of dental hygiene science.2016; 16(3): 225.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Long Working Hours and Suicidal Thoughts: Nationwide Data from the 4th and 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Pil Kyun Jung, Jaehoon Roh, Hongdeok Seok, Jong-Uk Won, Kenji Hashimoto
    PLOS ONE.2015; 10(6): e0129142.     CrossRef
  • The association between concealing emotions at work and medical utilization in Korea
    Hongdeok Seok, Jin-Ha Yoon, Wanhyung Lee, June-Hee Lee, Pil Kyun Jung, Inah Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Suicide rates among working-age adults in South Korea before and after the 2008 economic crisis
    Chee Hon Chan, Eric D Caine, Sungeun You, King Wa Fu, Shu Sen Chang, Paul Siu Fai Yip
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2014; 68(3): 246.     CrossRef
  • Investigating the Time Lag Effect between Economic Recession and Suicide Rates in Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry Workers in Korea
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Washington Junger, Boo-Wook Kim, Young-Joo Kim, Sang-Baek Koh
    Safety and Health at Work.2012; 3(4): 294.     CrossRef
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Job Stress and Self-perceived Fatigue in Korean Farmers
Ki Hyun Lee, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Jin Joo Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Kyung Suk Lee, Sook Jung Hyun, Kang Myoung Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Jung Kyu Choi, Sung Soo Oh, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):213-224.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A growing body of research has documented that job stress has a pivotal role in developing adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between farmers' job stress and health outcomes. This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue in Korean farmers.
METHODS
A total of 526 Korean farmers were asked to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the participants' general characteristics, job stress and self-perceived fatigue. Job stress was measured using a forty-eight item Farm Stressor Inventory (FSI), and the self-perceived fatigue was estimated by Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue.
RESULTS
The result showed that job stress was associated with self-perceived fatigue. For the farmers with high job stress, the risk of self-perceived fatigue was more likely to increase compared to those with low job stress. For males, labor intensity (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.91~7.89), job environment (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.22~4.93), social support (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.07~4.13), social isolation (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.15~5.60), financial problems (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.53~6.91), uncertainty (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.30~4.75) and health problems (OR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.46~13.53) were associated with self-perceived fatigue. For females, job environment (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22~4.08), social isolation (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.05-4.15), physical environment & weather condition (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33~5.12), financial problems (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.55~5.32), uncertainty (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.95~6.83) and health problems (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.57~7.27) were associated with self-perceived fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This result suggests that farmers' job stress plays a role in the development of fatigue, and job stressors related to fatigue are slightly different according to gender.

Citations

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  • Association Between Ergonomic Burden Assessed Using 20-Item Agricultural Work-Related Ergonomic Risk Questionnaire and Shoulder, Low Back, and Leg Pain in Korean Farmers
    Sora Baek, Jintae Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Gowun Kim, Hyocher Kim, Hee-Won Park
    Journal of Agromedicine.2023; 28(3): 532.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Brain Stress in Response to Temperature Changes under Agricultural Work Using Electroencephalogram Measurement
    Seok-Joon Hwang, Ju-Seok Nam
    Agriculture.2023; 13(9): 1801.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Factors Influencing Farmers’ Work-Life Balance and Social Support on Job Stress
    Jung Shin Choi, Choi Yoon Ji, Chae Hye Sung, Kim Ga Hee
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(4): 717.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of stress, musculoskeletal disorders, and fatigue among broadcasting actors
    Moon-Hee Park, Ham-Gyum Kim, Hae-Kag Lee
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(11): 3047.     CrossRef
  • Farmers’ Cohort for Agricultural Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (FARM) Study: Study Design, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled Subjects
    Hannae Jo, Sora Baek, Hee-won Park, Sang-Ah Lee, Jiyoung Moon, Jae E. Yang, Ki Sung Kim, Jee Yong Kim, Eun Kyoung Kang
    Journal of Epidemiology.2016; 26(1): 50.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Manufacturing Male Workers
    Hu-Yeon Lee, Jong-Tae Baek, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 543.     CrossRef
  • Examining the Relationship between Exercise and Psychological Stress among the Rural Population
    Jung-Woo Oh, Hyun-Jin Kwon, Sang-Hwa Lee, Jung-Jun Lim, Bo-Youl Choi, Mi-Kyung Kim, Yeon-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2015; 33(2): 126.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Job Characteristics on Smoking and Mediating Effects of Job Stress among Older Workers
    Sungeun Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 51.     CrossRef
  • Work-related hazards among farmers
    Soon Chan Kwon, Soo-Jin Lee, Mihye Jeong
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(11): 1046.     CrossRef
  • The Relation Between the Occupational Stress and Fatigue Level of Neonatal Nurses
    Eun-A Park, Jeong-Eon Park
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 261.     CrossRef
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The Relationship between Hospital Departments and Risk of Developing Tuberculosis among Nurses Working at a University Hospitalin Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study
Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Soo Oh, Ki Hyun Lee, Sung Kyung Kim, Je Ho Oh, Chung Se Won, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Ae Yong Eom, Sang Baek Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):64-70.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.64
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the occurring characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among nurses working at a university hospital in Korea.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from a university hospital. A total of 351 nurses without any pulmonary disease were enrolled during 2000~2007, and were followed up until October 2010. To compare with the incidence of TB between occupational subgroups, workplaces were divided into high and low TB-exposure risk departments. For statistical analysis, the relative risks for TB incidences between departments were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models and mean incidences were estimated with person-time years.
RESULTS
Seven cases of TB were observed during 2001 person-years. Five and two cases were observed in the high and low TB-exposure risk departments, respectively. The relative risk of TB infection in the high TB-exposure risk departments were 6.52 (95% CI, 1.26~33.60) compared to that in the low TB-exposure risk department. The mean incidence of TB in the total nurses was 0.350% per person-year.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the concept of occupational and environmental medicine, high TB-exposure risk departments were more likely to be at increased risk of tuberculosis.

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A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Oswestry Disability Index in a Farming Community
No Yul Yang, Hae Yean Park, Jin Su Kim, Joo Hyun Lee, Soo Hyun Park, Min Ye Jung, Sang Baek Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):290-297.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.290
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is the most widely used tool validated instrument for measuring and the level of disability associated with low back disorders. We wanted to validate use of the Korean version of the ODI in Korean farmers with low back pain.
METHODS
The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the ODI. The Korean version was tested on 53 farmers (62.3+/-10.3 years of age) with low back-related disorders. We investigated the Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the ODI. The Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 farmers within a time interval of approximately 14 to 18 days. Differences between the Korean version of the ODI and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), which includes 8 domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain, role-emotional limitation, mental health, vitality, social functioning) were analyzed for construct validity. The correlation of the Korean version of the ODI with the SF-12 was analyzed, as well.
RESULTS
The intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.854. Reliability estimated by the internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.879. The correlation between 7 domains of the SF-12 except for the mental health domain and the Korean version of the ODI was statistically significant (p<0.05). Four domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain) that measured physical status all showed high correlations (p<0.01), as did a domain that measured mental status (role-emotional limitation) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the Korean version of the ODI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of disability in Korean farmers with low back-related disorders. The use of this instrument is recommended for future clinical trials in Korea.

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    Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2020; 30(4): 195.     CrossRef
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    Hui-Yeong Chu, Sang-Woon Lee, In-Su Bae, Kyung-Young Yoon, Jun-Heum Youn, Dong-Wook Hwang, Hyun-Woo Cho
    Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2020; 30(3): 163.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2014; 25(3): 273.     CrossRef
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    The Korea Journal of Herbology.2013; 28(2): 75.     CrossRef
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Factors Related to Occupational Injuries and Health Problems for Some Female Workers in Non-standard Employment
Woo Jin Park, Hyoung June Im, Jong Uk Won, Sang Baek Koh, Young Su Ju, Jae Hoon Roh, Sang Yong Oh, Young Jun Kwon, Chang Kook Hwang, Jung Wook Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):301-313.   Published online December 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.301
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine certain factors associated with occupational injuries and health problems for some female workers in non-standard employment.
METHODS
We enrolled 754 female workers that were selected from 1,040 people who had agreed to be surveyed as part of a group or company in either the Seoul and the Kyonggi area. We performed univariate logistic regression on survey data and again performed multivariate logistic regression on those variables that were statistically significant.
RESULTS
In this study, the overall incidence of occupational injury for all workers was 12.5%. The incidence rates by position were as follows: 12.9%(insurance saleswoman), 7.4%(telemarketer), 9.2%(visiting teacher), 22%(golf caddy). The most frequent complaint was lower back pain(12.8%) in insurance saleswomen, voice symptoms(37%) in telemarketers, knee and ankle symptoms(33.8%) in golf caddies, and voice symptoms(14.4%) in visiting teachers. The factors related to occupational injuries included job type, and age. The factors related to health problems were job type, psychosocial stress, accident risk, and social support. The percentage of the cases that occurred without fringe benefits including social welfare was 30.4%, and the percentage of "paid out of the person's own pocket" of ways to arrange costs of accidents was 32.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, some female workers in non-standard employment had relatively high level of occupational injuries, accompanied by various health problems. In these occupational classes, the conditions for social insurance and social welfare were poor. It is necessary to expand the application of social insurances including industrial accident compensation insurance. Regardless of job category, psychosocial stress and social support were statistically significant for many symptoms. We believe that measurement of these factors is necessary. In the future, additional studies are required with the use of objective methods for additional job categories.

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  • The Effect of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Musculoskeletal Complaints on Presenteeism Among the Dependent Self-employment Workers in Korea
    Jiyun Kim, Sookja Choi
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(9): 719.     CrossRef
  • Golfsport als Beruf – eine arbeitsmedizinische Bestandsaufnahme
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    Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie.2020; 70(3): 130.     CrossRef
  • Irregular menstruation according to occupational status
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
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    Eun-Young Hong, Sang-Dol Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4107.     CrossRef
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Effect of Muscle Strengthening Exercise on Psychosocial and Physical Status in Farmers
Min Ye Jung, No Yul Yang, In Gyu Yoo, Sang Baek Koh, Kyung Suk Lee, Kyungran Kim, Hyocher Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(4):343-350.   Published online December 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.4.343
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate both the psychosocial and physical effects of muscle strengthening exercise on farmers, and in so doing evaluate their effect on musculoskeletal disorders in farmers.
METHODS
28 subjects participated in our muscle strengthening exercise program. Mean age of subjects was 63+/-13 years. The exercise program was performed 3 times a week during the 8 week studys period. Before and after training various measurements were made: self esteem scale (SES), psychosocial wellbeing index short form (PWI-SF), static and dynamic balance ability, grip strength, arm curl, time up and go (TUG), functional reach, and oswestry disability index.
RESULTS
The muscle strengthening exercise program increased the self-esteem, grip strength and static and dynamic balance of subjects, while psychosocial stress and low back pain levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The muscle strengthening exercise improved psychosocial and physical status of test subjects. Thus, exercise may be an effective strategy for enhancing the psychosocial and physical health of farmers.

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    Nami Chun, Hyun Ju Chae
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The Association of Occupational Stress with Self-perceived Fatigue in White Collar Employees
Kyoung Tae Cha, Il Whoi Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Sook Jung Hyun, Jun Ho Park, Jong Ku Park, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):182-192.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.182
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
& OBJECTIVES: A growing body of research has documented that occupational stress is closely associated with increased risk of fatigue. This study was conducted in an effort to assess the relationship of occupational stress to self-perceived fatigue among Korean white collar employees.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002-2004). Among them, a total of 4,502 white collar employees were recruited. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, and self-perceived fatigue. Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively.
RESULTS
In logistic regression analyses, occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of fatigue, and some domains of occupational stress had different effects on fatigue by gender (job demand, job insecurity, and lack of reward for men, job demand, lack of reward, and discomfort in occupational climate for women), which indicates that occupational stress may perform a slightly different role in increasing the risk of fatigue by gender.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of selfperceived fatigue. Thus, a stress management program for the reduction of occupational stress, and the promotion of white collar worker's health and quality of life is strongly recommended. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future studies were also discussed.

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    Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jae-Ouk Ahn
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    Hye Joo Park, Yun Young Kim, Ki Hyun Park, Si Woo Lee, Jong-Hyang Yoo
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171.     CrossRef
  • Relationships of Job Stress, Fatigue & Depression among one Ship-building Supply Workers
    Sang-Dol Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2789.     CrossRef
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    Jin Yi Choi, Young Mi Park
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    Soon-Young Kim, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(4): 1759.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Occupational Stress and Gastric Disease in Male Workers
    Ho-Seob Lihm, Sang-Hyun Park, Eun-Hee Gong, Jong-Soon Choi, Jung-Won Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012; 33(5): 311.     CrossRef
  • Job Stress and Psychosocial Factors and Its Association with Self Perceived Fatigue among White Collar Male Workers
    Seung-Pil Park, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(1): 301.     CrossRef
  • The Relation Between the Occupational Stress and Fatigue Level of Neonatal Nurses
    Eun-A Park, Jeong-Eon Park
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 261.     CrossRef
  • Job Stress Levels in Environment Impact Assessment, and Related Factors Including Expert
    Dong-Ha Ji, Hye-Ri Jeon, Soo-Hyun Choi, Bu-Soon Son, Mi-Suk Choi
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2010; 36(5): 373.     CrossRef
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The Association among Exposure of Bisphenol A, Genetic Polymorphism of Metabolic Enzyme and Urinary Metabolite
Sang Baek Koh, Jun Ho Park, Su Song Yun, Sung Su Oh, Sei Jin Chang, Sun Haeng Choi, Bong Suk Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):112-118.   Published online June 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.112
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To examine bisphenol A (BPA) exposure with subjects in the manufacturing industry and to determine its correlation with metabolites according to genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes.
METHODS
The study subjects comprised 104 workers in the manufacturing industry, 64 and 40 in the exposed and control groups, respectively. The questionnaire variablesincluded age, use of protective equipment, smoking habit and alcohol intake. Their urine samples were collected in the afternoon and urinary BPA concentration was measured by revising with the urinary creatinine concentration. The genetic polymorphism of the metabolic enzymes was examined by using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after extracting DNA from leucocytes.
RESULTS
The minimum and maximum BPA level of the exposed group during working time was 34.22 and 221.20 ng/mg, respectively. The urinary BPA concentration was significantly higher in the exposed groups than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the urinary BPA level according to genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1 and CYP2E1, but UGT1A6 showed a significant difference. In multiple regression analysis on the urinary and airborne BPA levels, UGT1A6, use of protective equipments and workplaces were significant variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The urinary BPA concentration was affected by the levels to which workers were exposed during their working time and was considered to be metabolized by UGT1A6.

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  • Filling gaps between exposure modeling and the analysis of urinary biomarkers using personal air monitoring: An intervention study of permethrin used in home insecticide spray
    Seon‐Kyung Park, Heon‐Jun Lee, Eugene Song, Yerin Jung, Hyun Jung Yoo, Jeong‐Eun Oh, Hyeong‐Moo Shin, Jung‐Hwan Kwon
    Indoor Air.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Study Design, Rationale and Procedures for Human Biomonitoring of Hazardous Chemicals from Foods and Cooking in Korea
    Seokwon Lee, Ryoung Me Ahn, Jae Hyoun Kim, Yoon-Deok Han, Jin Heon Lee, Bu-Soon Son, Kyoungho Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(14): 2583.     CrossRef
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Occupational Stress in Relation to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease: Longitudinal Analysis from the NSDSOS Project
Chang Kook Hwang, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Chong Yon Park, Bong Suk Cha, Sook Jung Hyun, Jun Ho Park, Kang Myoung Lee, Kyoung Tae Cha, Woo Jin Park, Hyung Joon Jhun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):105-114.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.105
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This prospective study was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and the development of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
A total of 8,429 employees were selected from a nationwide sample, proportional to both the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to access the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior and work related characteristics. 43-items of the full version of Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used to access the participants occupational stress. New cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were evaluated using medical utilization files received from the National Health Insurance Corporation for the period of March 2004 to December 2005. A logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
RESULTS
43 new cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were found. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, job stressors were related with circulatory diseases after adjustment for gender, age, number of workers, employment type, shift work, smoking, alcohol intake, and regular exercise. Of the 8 subscales, insufficient job control (Adj. RR 2.802; 95% CI 1.038-7.564) and occupational climate (Adj. RR 2.365; 95% CI 1.087~5.143) were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, no significant relationships were found between the 6 KOSS subscales and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the short-term follow-up of about two years, the KOSS subscales of insufficient job control and occupational climate were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.

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    Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Ji Sun Ha
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    Young-Sook Yook
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    Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
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  • Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
    Yuran Jeong, Bo-Hyun Yoon, Eun-Joo Oh, Je-Heon Song, Soo-Hee Park, Haran Jung, Moon-Doo Kim, Man-Ki Baek, Eun-Rak Son, Ja-Young Jung
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587.     CrossRef
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    Soo Kyoung Choi, Jeong A Jo, Seon Young Hwang
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    Jaehyeok Ha, Soo-Geun Kim, Domyung Paek, Jungsun Park
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The Effect of Job Stress on Umemployment
Yun Kyung Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, So Yong Park, Jung Yeon Hong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):115-124.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.115
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the relationship between job stress and unemployment through a 2-year follow-up study in the KOSS cohort.
METHODS
We established the KOSS cohort in 2004. Among this cohort, we selected 5680 persons with complete KOSS scores and resident registration numbers. We investigated the state of unemployment using unemployment insurance data from Jan. 2005 to Oct. 2006. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between job stress and unemployment. We also adjusted for age, education, marital status, experience of medical visiting, and size of enterprise.
RESULTS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were related to unemployment for men, while only lack of reward was an unemployment risk factor for women.
CONCLUSIONS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were found to be risk factors for male unemployment. Efforts should be made to reduce these job stressors as risk factors.

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  • Changes in working status after cancer diagnosis and socio-demographic, clinical, work-related, and psychological factors associated with it
    Danbee Kang, Ka Ryeong Bae, Ho Young Kim, Yeojin Ahn, Nayeon Kim, Youngmog Shim, Tae Sung Sohn, Woo Yong Lee, Ji Hyun Baek, Sun-Seog Kweon, Juhee Cho
    BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
    Yuran Jeong, Bo-Hyun Yoon, Eun-Joo Oh, Je-Heon Song, Soo-Hee Park, Haran Jung, Moon-Doo Kim, Man-Ki Baek, Eun-Rak Son, Ja-Young Jung
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of occupational stress on dry mouth, temporomandibular disorder and oral symptoms on workers
    Min-Hee Hong
    Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2013; 13(1): 136.     CrossRef
  • Problems and Prospects of Nursing Research on Job Stress in Korea
    Wonsup Cho, Myoungsoon You
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(1): 63.     CrossRef
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Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Change of Urinary Hippuric Acid and Methyl Hippuric Acid among Workers Coexposed to Toluene and Xylene
Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Sounghoon Chang, Hyeongsu Kim, Wonki Oh, Sang Baek Koh, Kunsei Lee, Suekyung Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):163-170.   Published online September 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.163
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the effect of drink containing sodium benzoate on the change of urinary hippuric acid (UHA) and methyl hippuric acid (UMHA) excretion among workers coexposed to low toluene and xylene.
METHODS
Study subjects were 55 male shipbuilders who were divided into 3 groups; nonexposed group (n=10, who were not exposed to organic solvent and had drunk sodium benzoate), exposed A group (n=24, who were coexposed to toluene and xylene, and had drunk sodium benzoate), and exposed B group (n=21, who were coexposed to toluene and xylene, and had not drunk sodium benzoate). The study methodology consisted of questionnaire survey, urinary analysis for metabolites of toluene and xylene before and after drinking with or without sodium benzoate, and personal air sampling of toluene and xylene.
RESULTS
Before drinking, there was no significant difference in UHA or UMHA between the exposed A and B groups. After 1.5 hour of drinking, UHA of the exposed A group was significantly higher than that of the exposed B group. After 3 hours, however, UHA of the exposed A group was decreased to the level of the exposed B group, regardless of the ambient toluene level. UMHA exhibited no significant difference between the exposed A and B groups regardless of time and ambient toluene level. The regression model showed that drinking of sodium benzoate was positively correlated with UHA after 1.5 hours of drinking, but not after 3 hours. In addition, sodium benzoate didn't affect UMHA.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that sodium benzoate initially increased UHA temporally but that its effect disappeared after 3 hours. In the medical examination of toluene exposure workers, the ingestion of drink containing sodium benzoate should be forbidden during the 3 hours prior to urinary sampling.

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Epidemiologic Characteristics Revealed with a Malignant Mesothelioma Surveillance System in Korea
Soon Hee Jung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Suk Joong Yong, Byong Soon Choi, Yeon Soon Ahn, Tae In Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Yun Mee Kim, Ji Sun Song, Yoon Kyong Chung, Joon Pyo Myung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):46-52.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.46
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma and its epidemiologic features in Korea. We collected data on 160 cases for the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005.
METHODS
We established a surveillance system for malignant mesothelioma in 2001. The important participants were pathologists, and respiratory and occupational physicians. We reclassified these cases according to the date of diagnosis and calculated fatality by comparing National Mortality Data. We actively surveyed 18 cases which were diagnosed in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate their work-relatedness.
RESULTS
Among 160 cases, 18 were initially diagnosed before 1995, 57 from 1996 to 2000, 11 in 2001, 18 in 2002, 11 in 2003, 29 in 2004 and 16 in 2005. After 2001, 17cases were reported annually. Among the 86 cases which were diagnosed before 2003, 60 cases (69.8%) had died and 46(53.5%) had died within 1 year. Among the 18 cases which we surveyed, 5 were related with the construction industry, 2 with asbestos textile manufacturing industries and 1 with asbestos painting. There was no evident work relatedness in the other 10 cases, but 6 were related to environmental exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Although this surveillance system revealed the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma in Korea, it needs to be supplemented by an active surveillance system using death certificate data and cancer registry data etc.

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    Soon‐Hee Jung, Hyoung‐Ryoul Kim, Sang‐Baek Koh, Suk‐Joong Yong, Myoung Ja Chung, Chang‐Hun Lee, Joungho Han, Min‐Seob Eom, Sung‐Soo Oh
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    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
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    Hyoung Ryoul Kim
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Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees
Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3668.     CrossRef
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    Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(3): 133.     CrossRef
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Fatigue as a Predictor of Medical Utilization, Occupational Accident and Sickness Absence
Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Jin Joo Chung, Chul Gab Lee, Myung Geun Kang, Sook Jung Hyun, Jung Jin Cho, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):318-332.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.318
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self-perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence.
RESULTS
In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22- 1.66) and highest quartile (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

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    Minsun Kim, Jiho Kim, SeongCheol Yang, Dong-Wook Lee, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
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  • Relationship between fatigue severity scale and occupational injury in Korean workers
    Hyeonwoo Ju, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sung Wook Jang, Youna Won, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Convergence Relationship between Occupational Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Blue Collar Workers in Manufacturing Plants
    Eun-Sook Shin
    Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue Level, Job Stress and Quality of Life for Workers
    Yunyoung Kim, Hye-Sun Hyun, Jong Hyang Yoo
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  • Study on the Structural Relation between the Level of Fatigue and Stress of Construction Workers and Disaster Risks
    Yong Koo Yang, Byung Suk Kim
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    Soon-Young Kim, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
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    Jee In Hwang, Eun Jeong Hwang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 306.     CrossRef
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Occupational Stress and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Jong Ku Park, Jun Ho Park, Dong Koog Son, Sook Jung Hyun, Bong Suk Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):186-198.   Published online September 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.186
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between occupational stress and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
METHOD
The study subjects were 169 male workers aged over 40 who were employed in the shipbuilding industry. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the respondents' sociodemographics and occupational stress. Eight domains of occupational stress according to the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used. We included blood pressure, lipid level (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol), coagulation factors, pulse wave velocity and heart rate variability as possible cardiovascular risk factors.
RESULT
In multiple regression analyses, job demand was associated with triglyceride level, pulse wave velocity and heart rate variability. Interpersonal conflict was related to total cholesterol. Job insecurity was related to heart rate variability. Organizational system was associated with blood pressure, total cholesterol, pulse wave velocity and heart rate variability. Lack of rewards was related to systolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that occupational stress is associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

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  • Heart Rate Variability, Risk-Taking Behavior and Resilience in Firefighters During a Simulated Extinguish-Fire Task
    Rebecca Prell, Oliver Opatz, Giampiero Merati, Björn Gesche, Hanns-Christian Gunga, Martina A. Maggioni
    Frontiers in Physiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Young-Sook Yook
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2020; 32(12): 839.     CrossRef
  • Association between supervisors’ behavior and wage workers’ job stress in Korea: analysis of the fourth Korean working conditions survey
    Shin Uk Kang, Byeong Jin Ye, ByoungGwon Kim, Jung Il Kim, Jung Woo Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
    Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Temperament and Character Traits, Heart Rate Variability and Occupational Stress in New Nursing Employees
    Min Soo Ko, Yong Lee Jang, Jin Sook Choi, Hyun Bo Shim, Hee Jung Nam, Mee Suk Wang, In Deok Lee, Hae Woo Lee
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2016; 55(3): 271.     CrossRef
  • Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
    Yuran Jeong, Bo-Hyun Yoon, Eun-Joo Oh, Je-Heon Song, Soo-Hee Park, Haran Jung, Moon-Doo Kim, Man-Ki Baek, Eun-Rak Son, Ja-Young Jung
    Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587.     CrossRef
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Analysis of the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers using survival analysis
Dong Hee Koh, Hyung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Sung Kyu Kang, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):95-103.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.95
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Occupational low back pain is a major cause of morbidity and the increases of medical and industrial costs. Efforts to control occupational low back pain have been largely unsuccessful, and further understanding of the risks including the psychological factors is needed. This retrospective study was designed to identify the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 976 male workers who were working at a Korean shipyard. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the participants' physical work factors, job stress and general characteristics. Job stress was measured using Karasek's JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Occupational low back pain was identified according to the NIOSH symptom survey criteria. Physical work factors were assessed using the Quick Exposure Check. Since the work duration can affect the relationship of physical work factors and job stress to occupational low back pain, we analyzed this association by dividing workers into two groups by work duration: 1) all workers, and 2) less than 5 years. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to elucidate the relationship of job stress with occupational low back pain in these two groups. Data were analysed with SAS 8.1.
RESULTS
In the all workers group, job demand, bending or twisting of the back, and carrying heavy materials were associated with an increased the risk of occupational low back pain. In the workers with less than 5 years work experience, people with high job demand were more likely to experience occupational low back pain than those with low job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
These RESULTS suggest that job stress as well as physical work factors can raise the risk of occupational low back pain. Especially, in the workers with less than 5 years work duration, job stress played a more crucial effect on the occurrence of occupational low back pain than physical work factors did.

Citations

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  • Which Personal and Organizational Factors Influence the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Shipyard Blue-Collar Workers?
    Adela Reig-Botella, Miguel Clemente, Sarah Detaille, Annet H. de Lange, Jaime López-Golpe
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4849.     CrossRef
  • Relationships among Nursing Activities, the Use of Body Mechanics, and Job Stress in Nurses with Low Back Pain
    Keunja Jung, Soonrim Suh
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2013; 20(2): 141.     CrossRef
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The Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Job Stress & Intensity of Labor among Shipbuilding Workers
Inah Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Jeong Soo Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Mia Son, Yongkyu Kim, Jaechul Song
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):401-412.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.401
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to reveal the multiple factors that are related to the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of shipbuilding workers, and to elucidate the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and factors such as the change of working conditions, job stress and physical workload.
METHODS
The study sample comprised 1,059 shipbuilding workers. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics, job stress, psychosocial well-being index (PWI), physical workload, change of working conditions and information concerning musculoskeletal symptoms. We estimated the relations of job stress, physical workload and intensity of labour to musculoskeletal symptoms using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in any part of the body was 89.5% by 'criteria 1'in the order of back (58.6%) and shoulder (56.3%). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, posture factor (Odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [ C I ] = 1 . 0 0~1.12), non-posture factor (OR=1.17, CI=1.05~1.31), Borg scale (OR=1.15, C I = 1 . 0 0~1.32), relative work intensity increase (OR=1.92, CI=1.08~3.41), labor flexibility increase (OR=2.04, CI=1.04~4.01), high job demand (OR=2.68, CI=1.48~4.88), and high risk stress group (OR=13.50, CI=3.15~57.97) were all found to be significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that WMSDs have multiple risk factors such as stress, physical workload and change of working conditions. High job demand, increased relative intensification of work and increased flexibility, especially such as subcontract, outsourcing and importing of contingent work, were very important factors associated with increasing WMSDs.

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    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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  • Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
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    Kwan-Suk Lee, Da-Yeh Chung
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Relationship between Job Stress and Pulse Wave Velocity as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Jung Ok Kong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Ho Keun Chung, Hong Ryul Choi, Kyung Hee Jung-Choi, Soon Ja Jeon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):450-458.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.450
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between job stress and pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a cardiovascular risk factor.
METHOD
The study design was cross-sectional, and a total of 234 industrial workers were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics and job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude) using a modified Karasek model. Cuffs were applied to the extremities and a microphone for phonocardiography was placed at the second intercostal space at the margin of the sternum. The subjects rested in a supine position for 5 min, and PWV was measured using a VP-1000(Colin Waveform analyzer).
RESULTS
There were significant correlations between blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, coagulation factor and PWV. The group with low decision latitude and high decision latitude showed higher levels of PWV, but the differences were not significan. The PWV (left) was significantly higher in the high strain group than in the lower strain group. After adjustment for age and cardiovascular risk factors, job strain was still associated with PWV.
CONCLUSION
These result suggest that the high strain group among workers is related to an increased risk of PWV as a marker of atherosclerosis.

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Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

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    Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
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    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
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    Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Gi Kim
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Work Related Factors Affecting Perceived Fatigue in Male Metal Assemblers
Jun Ho Jang, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):155-165.   Published online June 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.155
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To find work related factors affecting perceived fatigue among male metal product assemblers.
METHODS
The study subjects were metal product assemblers from three metal product companies (476 car parts assemblers, 610 car engine assemblers, 454 ship engine assemblers). From the total of 1,540 subjects, 1,136 (73.8%) were included and 38 respondents with insufficient replies were excluded. Associations between fatigue score and other variables (general characteristics, job related factors, workload, job stresses) were investigated in terms of the concept of multidimensional fatigue construct by self administered questionnaire. Using MFS (Multidimensional Fatigue Scale), JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire), and Borg's scale, we estimated the fatigue, job stress, and workload, respectively. Fatigue score was estimated by 'sum of fatigue' in MFS. Associations were tested by linear regression analysis using SAS v.8.0.
RESULTS
In this study, the fatigue related factors were older age, longer working hours per week, higher workload, higher job demand, lower decision latitude, and lower supervisor support.
CONCLUSIONS
Prolonged working hours, higher workload, higher job demand, poor supervisor support and lower decision latitude were fatigue related factors among the male metal product assemblers of this study.

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    Sungeun Lee
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    Min-Hee Hong
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    Kyung-Hee Lee, Kyung-Sook Lee
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Occupational disease surveillance system in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam area
Jung Il Kim, Byung Gwan Kim, Jung Won Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Cheol Ho Yi, Dongmug Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Young Wook Kim, Young Ha Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Younghee Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Hyung Ryul Yun, Cheol In Yoo, Baek Geun Jeong, Tae Won Jang, Yun Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yun, Jin Uk Kang, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Dong Joon Lee, Joon Ho Jang, Kwang Young Lee, Hyu Ran Song, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Man Cho, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Yu Jin Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Kap Yeol Jung, Jung Man Kim, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):1-12.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases METHODS: 11 hospitals participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Between Apri1 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. Most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7 %) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9 %). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6 %) and 4 (12.1 %) cases of occupational asthma, the agents included isocyanate and welding fume, respectively. 64.7 % of the cases of occupational skin diseases were contact dermatitis, and organic solvents and welding fume were the main agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10 (58.8 %) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (29.4 %) as adenoma.
CONCLUSION
This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

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  • Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46.     CrossRef
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Effects of Physical Workload on Salivary Cortisol Level
Dong Mug Kang, Byung Min Son, Sang Baek Koh, Junho Jang, Mia Son, Jongwon Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):57-69.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.57
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Workload is known to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Although many studies had revealed that job stress related factors could affect the neuroendocrine system among blue-collar workers, these studies had limitations as they had not evaluated the workload by objective methods which took into consideration individual physiological differences. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical workload adjusted job stress on cortisol regulation by using objective tools for workers having various job tasks.
METHODS
Among 110 foundry workers, shipyard workers, and fine machine assemblers for whom saliva samples were obtained, 102 without any past history of conditions that could affect hormonal regulation such as diabetes, and hypertension were included in this study. Among the 102 study participants, 15 workers whose saliva for morning or afternoon or heart rate monitoring data was not attained were excluded from the final analysis. Workload was evaluated by RHR (relative heart rate) using a heart rate monitor, and job stress was evaluated by Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire. Saliva samples were gathered during 8 - 9 am and 5 - 6 pm, and salivary cortisol levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
After adjusting several variables which could effect cortisol secretion including job stress, among the higher RHR group morning salivary cortisol level was increased (beta=60.32, S.E.=26.35, p=0.0266), afternoon salivary cortisol level was decreased (beta=-7.43, S.E.=29.73, p=0.8044), and salivary cortisol level difference between morning and afternoon was increased (beta=72.10, SE=35.50, p=0.0509).
CONCLUSIONS
As physical workload increases morning cortisol level, which is caused by the effect of arousal, and decreases afternoon cortisol level, which is caused by exhaustion, physical workload enlarges the width of diurnal cortisol variance. Therefore, physical exhaustion due to excessive workload could have adverse effects on the neuroendocrine system.

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    Seon Soo Kim, Meiling Luo, Yeon Ju Oh, Yong Hee Lee
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Determination of Appropriate Sampling Time for Job Stress Assessment: the Salivary Chromogranin A and Cortisol in Adult Females
    Ran-Hi Hong, Yun-Jung Yang, Sang-Yon Kim, Won-Young Lee, Yeon-Pyo Hong
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    D. Kang, J.-H. Woo, Y.-C. Shin
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Job Stress, Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome
Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Hong Ryul Choi, Jong Min Woo, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park, Yong Hee Chen, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):70-81.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.70
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: A growing body of literature has documented that job stress is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanism of this association remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to elucidate the relationship between job stress, heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome.
METHOD
The study design was cross-sectional, and 169 industrial workers were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics and job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude). Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded using SA-2000 (medi-core). HRV was assessed by time-domain and by frequency-domain analyses. Time domain analysis was performed for SDNN (Standard Deviation of NN interval), and spectral analysis for low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF) and total frequency power. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of clustering of risk factors, when three or more of the following cardiovascular risk factors were included in the fifth quintile: glucose, systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol (bottom quintile), triglyceride and waist-hip ratio.
RESULTS
The results showed that job characteristics were not associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The high strain group had a less favorable cardiovascular risk profile with higher levels of blood pressure, glucose, homocysteine, and clotting factor than the lower strain group (low strain+passive+active group), but the difference was not statistically significant. The SDNN of HRV was significantly lower in the high strain group than in the low strain group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the low strain, passive, active and high strain groups was 9.7%, 13.9%, 14.9% and 23.8%, respectively. In the high strain group, the metabolic syndrome was significantly related to a decreased SDNN. However, we could not find a significant association in LF/HF ratio.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that decreased HRV does not play a role in the development of disease; however, it can induce cardiovascular abnormalities or dysfunctions related to the onset of heart disease among high risk groups.

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Job Characteristics and Psychosocial Distress of Atypical Workers
Sang Baek Koh, Mia Son, Jung Ok Kong, Chul Gab Lee, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):103-113.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.103
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the job characteristics (work demand, decision latitude, and job insecurity) and psychosocial stress levels of typical workers in the parent firm, to those of atypical workers in subcontracted firms. In addition the risk factors for psychosocial stress of atypical workers are evaluated.
METHOD
The study design was cross-sectional, and 1,713 shipbuilding workers (681; typical workers, 1,032; atypical workers) were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial stress levels. We used the chi-square test for univariate and multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
In univariate analyses, there were significant differences in smoking, hobby, insufficient sleeping, work hours per week, quitting, unemployment, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity. The job strain was significantly higher in the atypical workers than in the typical workers. The proportion of iso-strain groups was significantly greater in the atypical workers than typical workers. Using psychosocial stress as the dependent variable, multiple regression models were estimated. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, unemployment, quitting, employment type, job demand, job decision latitude and job insecurity were all found to be significantly associated with psychosocial stress.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that the psychosocial stress of atypical workers is related to job characteristics such as job insecurity and labor flexibility.

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Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Workloads
Dongjun Lee, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Junho Jang, Jongeun Kim, Byungmann Cho, Suill Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):388-400.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.388
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to make a questionnaire for assessing physical workloads and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
METHODS
A total of 220 workers (foundry workers 30, large vehicle assemblers 30, shipyard workers 75, and automobile manufacturers 80) completed a self-administered questionnaire and took examinations for physical work capacity and working heart rate. We excluded data with insufficient responses or incorrect physical work capacity and working heart rate. Finally, the data of 154 workers (70.0%) were used for our study. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, we used statistical analyses including the scaling assumption test and a comparison with the objective tool for physical workload which was evaluated by working energy expenditure.
RESULTS
The items of the questionnaire in the same categories had close distribution in the evaluation of the scaling assumption. The item internal consistency was 0.41-0.73 for posture factor, and 0.62-0.79 for non-posture factor. The item discriminate validity was 100%. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of the total items was 0.73 (0.58 for posture factor and 0.74 for nonposture factor). In the correlation between working energy expenditure and questions, general physical activity (p=0.008), proportion of the workday with hands above shoulder (p=0.002), proportion of the workday with trunk bent (p=0.028), proportion of the workday with awkward posture (p=0.048), sweating after work (p=0.006), total scales (p=0.003) and Borg scale (p=0.011) all had statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our questionnaire for assessing physical workloads demonstrated statistically significant reliability and validity. But the questions for the proportions of the workday with sitting work posture and with static posture should be modified via a larger study.

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    Tae-Hwan Kim, Hwan-Mo Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Dae-Kyung Kwak, Jae Keun Oh, Yong Chan Kim, Moon Soo Park, Federico Bonifacio Alday, Seok Woo Kim
    Spine.2013; 38(24): E1541.     CrossRef
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Epidemiologic Characteristics of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome through Occupational Disease Surveillance System in Busan, Ulsan, Kyungnam Province
Young hee Choi, Cheol In Yoo, Ji Ho Lee, Choong Ryeol Lee, Hun Lee, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Lu Jin Lee, Yang ho Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(3):261-268.   Published online September 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.3.261
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to estimate the epidemiologic characteristics of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) due to occupational exposure of hand transmitted vibration and to identify the occupations and industries where such exposures arises, and the main sources of exposure.
METHODS
In April 2001 the Busan, Ulsan, and Kyung-Nam Province occupational disease surveillance system was established to measure the incidence and prevalence of work-related HAVS and other occupational diseases in these Korean provinces. Occupational physicians of nine hospitals in Busan, Ulsan, and Kyung-nam Province were involved in this project between April 2001 and November 2002. Physicians collected information through questionnaires and interviews. Information gathered included age, occupation, types of vibration tools used and presence of subjective symptoms such as vibration-induced white finger (VWF), numbness and tingling.
RESULTS
A total 192 cases were reported with 188 males and 4 females. The shipbuilding industry was the most common type of industry and grinders were the most common source of exposure. Symptoms of neurological disorder were more common than those of vascular disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors concluded that exposure to hand transmitted vibration is common and that HAVS is one of the most common occupational diseases in Korea. However, the range and extent of hand transmitted vibration and the overall prevalence of HAVS in Korea is still unknown. More extensive research on this syndrome in order to priorite necessary preventive measures is required.

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Job instability of Labor Market and Preplacement Health Examination: the Case of Hearing Loss
Sang Baek Koh, Kyoo Sang Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park, Dong Mug Kang, Jai Young Kim, Soo Keun Kim, Hong Ryul Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):57-68.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.57
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examines the problem of the preplacement health examination in terms of hearing loss case, where workers have been experiencing job instability in the labor market.
METHODS
In order to measure the 2-year job retention rate of employees in 79 shipbuilding subcontracted companies in Kyongnam province, we utilized the same methods as those used by Neumark et al(1999), and Bernhardt et al(1999). We surveyed 79 heath and safety personnel from the companies with a questionnaire to evaluate the present status of the preplacement health examination. We reviewed the preplacement health certificates(result of audiometric hearing thresholds) of 1,818 recruits issued by Daewoo hospital from January 1 to June 30, 2001.
RESULTS
The job retention rate was 40.3 %(male 38.53 %, female 52.01 %). Of the 79 health and safety personnel of companies, 44(55.7 %) perceived the preplacement health examination as a tool for the selection of recruits, 3(3.8 %) as a procedure for job fitting and 31(39.2 %) as both. Most of them were against the acceptance of recruits with hearing loss, spinal disease and hepatitis. Among the 1,818 workers who underwent the preplacement health examination, 530(29.1 %) were examined after employment, but 1,096(60.3 %) were examined before employment. The number with previous job experience was 1,591(87.5 %). In the audiometric hearing threshold results, the prevalence of hearing loss was positively correlated with age. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of hearing loss depending on previous job and number of quitting at 4,000 Hz.
CONCLUSIONS
The comparison of 2-year job retention rates before and after the Korean economic crisis of 1997 suggests that job stability has been aggravated especially for cohorts of long tenure, irregular job, and old age. This evidence shows that previous job and age play a role in determining worker employment based on perceived results from the preplacement health examination. This result suggests that a pre-employment health examination be substituted for the preplacement health examination based on the essential job functions and reasonable accommodation. Because it has little relevance in a wide range of employment and minor health problems, the results of this examination should not debar applicants from employment.

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The Similar Exposure Group and Exposure Variation in Ship-Building Painters: Focused on Xylene Exposure
Sang Baek Koh, Young Man Roh, Hyeon Woo Yim, Yong Chul Shin, Soo Keun Kim, Hong Ryul Choi, Jai Young Kim, Soung Hoon Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):413-422.   Published online December 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.413
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to assess the concentration of xylene exposure and exposure variability of a similar exposure group(SEG) in accordance with job title and confined space.
METHOD
The study subjects included 28 workers working in the painting process in the ship-building industry. Measurement of subjects were repeated three times. Within and between-worker exposure variance components were estimated from log-transformed exposure concentrations employing a one-way nested random effects analysis of variance model. A uniformly exposed group was defined as one where the between-worker variance(sigmaB2) was less than or equal to 0.031 or bwR95 RESULT
The results indicated that, contrary to popular belief, similar exposed groups based on job title were heterogeneous. The between-worker variance(sigmaB 2) is large(>or=0.031) and the ratios of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile workers of the log normally distributed exposures of each group of workers was more than 2. However dividing job title into confined space(in-block, out-block, in/out-block) decreased the between-worker exposure variability.
CONCLUSION
This study focused on the quantitative aspects of exposure in painters in the ship-building industry. We cannot accept the assumption that SEG are uniformly exposed, as a major component of variation in exposure relates to differences in tasks or other factors. Therefore, the observational schemes can be improved by investigating jobspecific task and practice.

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  • Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
    Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Work Environment and Wearing Conditions of Industrial Protective Clothing in Shipbuilding Workshops
    Hyun-Sook Bae, Min-Young Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles.2012; 36(5): 512.     CrossRef
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The Association of Workplace Cumulative Noise Exposure and Blood Pressure
Sang Yun Lee, Jai Young Kim, Hyoung June Im, Ki Jung Yoon, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Dae Hee Kang, Soo Hun Cho
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(2):200-208.   Published online June 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.2.200
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The association of workplace cumulative noise exposure and blood pressure was investigated in this study using cross-sectional design.
METHODS
The study population comprised 852 manufacturing male workers of whom occupational health examination data, questionnaire and personnel records were available. Workplace ambient noise monitoring data was used for calculating individual cumulative noise exposure level. Mean of each systolic and diastolic blood pressure of occupational health examination data was used for individual systolic and diastolic blood pressure level. Possible confounding variables including family history of hypertension, smoking habit, alcohol drinking habit were collected by questionnaire. On the basis of job location and duration of work at the location, a cumulative time-weighted average noise level was calculated for each workers. According to this cumulative noise exposure level, each study subject was categorized as low noise exposure group, moderate noise exposure group, high noise exposure group, very high noise exposure group. Among noise exposure groups, mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was compared after adjusting possible confounding variables such as age, body mass index, serum cholesterol level, family history of hypertension, smoking history, alcohol drinking habit.
RESULTS
After adjusting possible confounding variables, noise exposure group was significant explanatory variables for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of very high exposure group was higher than that of low exposure group.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggested that the high cumulative noise exposure might elevate the blood pressure.

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  • Impact of Indoor Green in Rest Space on Fatigue Recovery Among Manufacturing Workers
    ChoHye Youn, LeeBom Chung, Minji Kang, Juyoung Lee
    Journal of Environmental Science International.2024; 33(3): 217.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension using nearest age-matching method in South Korea male workers
    Min Gi Kim, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Zhongmin Jin
    Cogent Engineering.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cohort study for the effect of chronic noise exposure on blood pressure among male workers in Busan, Korea
    Ji Ho Lee, Weechang Kang, Seung Rim Yaang, Nari Choy, Choong Ryeol Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2009; 52(6): 509.     CrossRef
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The Health Status Assessment of Subcontracted Workers
Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Hyoung June Im, Sang Yun Lee, Jai Young Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Soo Hun Cho
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):18-30.   Published online March 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.18
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The strategy for the labor flexibility through subcontracted labor have brought a negative effect on the lives of the workers, such as the increase of the unstable employment. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the employment of subcontracted firms and the health status of them, and to find out some problems which have been caused in the process of health evaluation and the characteristics of social exclusion.
METHODS
We reviewed the periodical health examination and preemployment health examination in order to compare health status of the subcontracted workers with those of the parent firm workers. The SF-36 questionnaire was administered to assess the self-perceived health status.
RESULTS
The result shows that compared to the working duration of the parent firm workers, those of the subcontracted workers were shorter, and the job transfer rate was higher. In the periodical health examination, the prevalence of occupational and general disease was higher in the parent firm(10%) than in the subcontracted firms(6%). Preemployment health examination plays an important role in worker's health management. Among 6,260 workers who received preemployment health examination, the prevalence of disease was 37.9%. Mean scores of health status measured by SF-36 were lower in the subcontracted firm than in the parent firm.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to social exclusion of the subcontracted workers from the periodical health examination, there is a possibility that the periodical health examination have the healthy worker effect. These results suggests that the preemployment health examination could be a more appropriate indicator which is able to assess the health status of the subcontracted workers than the periodical health examination.

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    Yeogyeong Yoon, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 93.     CrossRef
  • Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
    Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Subcontractors and increased risk for work‐related diseases and absenteeism
    Kyoung B. Min, Shin G. Park, Jae S. Song, Kwan H. Yi, Tae W. Jang, Jin Y. Min
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2013; 56(11): 1296.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Cancer Screening Rates of Manufacturing Workers
    Su Ho Park, Chang Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 179.     CrossRef
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Incidence and Risk Factors for Occupational Low Back Pain Among Shipyard Workers
Sang Baek Koh, Hyong Sik Kim, Hong Ryul Choi, Ji Hee Kim, In Hyok Song, Jun Han Park, Jong Ku Park, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Seok Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):1-11.   Published online March 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate, and to identify the risk factors for the occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 9,784 workers who were employed in a ship-building industry(excluded workers who had a history of low pack pain before 1995 or did not take periodic health examination in 1995). The cases were 220 people who experienced back pain from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. To assess risk factors for occupational low back pain, Cox propotional hazard model was used.
RESULTS
During the recent three years from 1996 to 1998, the incidence rate per 1,000 persons was 7. 8 in 1996, 8. 8 in 1997, and 3. 1 in 1998. The main causes of work-related low back pain were sprain, strain and disc herniation. Lifting was the most common cause of back pain(35. 3%), and carrying(10.2%) and pulling(8.0%) were followed. In Cox proportional harzard model, independent risk factors for back pain were body mass index(R.R.; 1.54, 959o C.I.: 1.06-2.25), shift work(R.R.; 1.65, 95% C.I.: 1.19-2.28), and lifting heavy material(R.R. ; 3.95, 95% C.I: 2.29-6.82).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the risk factors of back pain in shipyard workers were body mass index, shift work and lifting.

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    Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627.     CrossRef
  • Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
    Yu-Chang Kim
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    Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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A Meta-analysis on the Association between Bladder Cancer and Glutathione S transferase mu Genetic Polymorphism
Sang Baek Koh, Bong Suk Cha, Jong Ku Park, Chun Bae Kim, Myung Gun Kang, Ki Woong Kim, Won Jin Lee, Soung Hoon Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):13-23.   Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.13
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies which assess the relationship between bladder cancer and Glutathione S transferase mu genetic polymorphism. We retrieved the literatures using MEDLINE search, with bladder cancer and Glutathione S transferase as key words, which were reported from 1980 to October 1998. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows; 1) The paper should have histologically confirmed bladder cancer as case definition. 2) The paper should use the GSTM1 gene typing as method for analysis. Among 59 retrieved articles, fourteen studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The overall effect size of the risk of bladder cancer due to GSTM1 was calculated by common odds ratio. Before the integration of each effect sizes into common effect sizes, the homogeneity test were conducted. All studies were case control design and cases were transitional cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. And only four papers used matching technique. Homogeneity of studies were rejected by Breslow-Day test(P<0.01), so random effect model was used for evaluation of odds ratio. The overall odds ratio of GSTM1 associated with bladder cancer was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.90) and cumulative odds ratio became more stable when the study subjects were over 1,500. Our result suggested that positive association be found between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and bladder cancer.

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Effect of Economic Depression on Psychosocial Distress of Industrial Workers
Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Seung Jun Wang, Sei Jin Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):484-492.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.484
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was carried out to assess the effect of economic depression on psychosocial distress, and to assess the relationship between differences of psychosocial distress and job characteristics (job strain), and to find out the effect of social support on psychosocial distress. We measured job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor supports) at work by a self-administered questionnaire. Psychosocial distress was measured by PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 45-item self-administered instrument. Among the 152 respondents, the prevalence of high job strain was 27% (41 persons). The Odds ratio of high job strain was 3.11 (95% CI; 2.12~4.11), and those of passive group and active group were 2.01(95% CI; 0.83~2.76) and 1.80(95% CI; 0.83~2.76), respectively. Our results supported the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. The odds ratio of high strain isolates group (high strain group+low social support) was 3.59 (95% CI; 2.05~5.13), but the odds ratio of high strain collective group was 1.32 (95% CI; 0.23~2.41). Social support at work was modifying factor of the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that economic depression was associated with psychosocial distress in this study, and that the strength of the social support was important in maintain health.

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    Bach Xuan Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Kiet Tuan Huy Pham, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Thu-Trang Vuong, Hong-Kong T. Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(9): 1642.     CrossRef
  • Stressors, coping resources and strategies, and police stress in South Korea
    Merry Morash, Dae-Hoon Kwak, Vincent Hoffman, Chang Hun Lee, Sun Ho Cho, Byongook Moon
    Journal of Criminal Justice.2008; 36(3): 231.     CrossRef
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The Assessment of Worker's Health Status by SF-36
Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Jong Ku Park, Myung Guen Kang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):9-19.   Published online February 28, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to understand health status by general characteristic, and to find out relationship between social support and worker's health status. Health status was measured using SF-36(Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36), a 36 item self administered Instrument. The finding of this study were as follow; Mean scores of health status by sex were higher in male. The younger worker reported good health on physical functioning and role limitation-physical than did the older worker, but the older worker reported good health on social functioning and mental health. Mean scores of health status were higher in high income and white worker. When the relationship between social support and health status, social functioning, role limitation-emotion, mental health, vitality, general health were significantly related. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that socio-economic condition are associated with health status in this study, and that the strength of the social support was a important to maintain health.

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    Gyeongsil Lee, Jiyoung Park, Seung-Won Oh, Hee-Kyung Joh, Seung-Sik Hwang, Jeehyun Kim, Danbee Park
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    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2010; 31(1): 35.     CrossRef
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    Jin-young Lim, Jong Park, Myeong Geun Kang, So Yeon Ryu
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  • The 3 years Prognosis of Patients with Long Term Mechanical Ventilation in Medical Intensive Care Unit at a University Hospital
    Gyu Rak Chon, Ik Su Choi, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh, Yeon-Mok Oh, Tae Sun Shim, Sang Do Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Dong-Soon Kim, Won Dong Kim, Sang-Bum Hong
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2007; 62(5): 398.     CrossRef
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The Metabolism and Liver Toxicity of N, N-dimethylformamide in the Isolated Perfused Liver
Sang Baek Koh, Bong Suk Cha, Myung Guen Kang, Sang Yeol Koh, Jung Woo Lee, Sang Ok Kwon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):217-229.   Published online June 30, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.217
AbstractAbstract PDF
N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is a solvent which is widely used in the industrial workplace. It causes the liver damages to the chronically exposed workers and is also well known as the harzadous material to generate occupational malignancies. DMF is mainly metabolized into N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (HMMF) by the microsomal cytochrome p-450. HMMF breaks down to NMF. However, the detailed mechanism of its toxicity are unknown. In this experiment, the metabolism and the toxicity of DMF was investigated using an isolated perfumed liver model. DMF (0, 10, 25mM) were added into recirculating perfusate of the isolated perfused rat liver. Samples were collected at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 minutes from inferior vena cava. The gas-chromatography was used to analyze the metabolite of DMF, The changes in the oxygen consumption rate by DMF were monitored during perfusion. The enzyme activity (AST, ALT, LDH) in the perfusate were treasured to find out whether DMF causers hepatotoxicity. As perfusion continued, DMF concentration in the perfusate decreased, and NMF 1.16mM was detected. The oxygen consumption rate increased both at 10mM and 25mM DMF concentration. However, when SKF 525A, a known inhibitor of cytochrome p-450, had been pretreated (300uM before DMF addition, the oxygen consumption rate was significantly inhibited, indicating that cytochrome p-450 system is responsible for the conversion to NMF. With DMF addition, the activity of AST, ALT, and LDH significantly increased time dependently and dose dependently. However, the pretreatment of perfused liver with SKF 525A shoved that the release of AST, ALT and LDH was inhibited. In summary, it is found that DMF is metabolized to NMF in liver, and that cytochrome p-450 mono-oxygenase is suggested to play a role in the biotransformation of NMF. The time course of BMF toxicity in relation to NMF formation is compatible with hypothesis that the hepatotoxicity of DMF is mediated via NMF. Further study combined with in vivo experiment through the toxicological approaches is expected.

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  • Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology
    Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2011; 2(2): 97.     CrossRef
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Effect of Noise Exposure and Psychosocial Factors on Blood Pressure in Manufacturing Workers
Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Jung Ku Park, Myung Guen Kang, Sang Yul Koh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):244-257.   Published online June 30, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.244
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to assess the effects of noise exposure and psychosocial factor on blood pressure in manufacturing workers. The study subjects are 414 workers (243 males, 171 females) employed at the noisy department. The mean age of low exposed group (<85dB) was 34.65+/-9.53 years, and that of high exposed group (> or =85dB) was 36.37+/-11.15 years. The difference in mean age wart not significant. The mean and distribution of working duration, smoking status, drinking status were not significantly different between two groups. The mean systolic blood pressure of the low exposed groups was 120.01+/-12.06 mmHg, and that of high exposed group wart 126.27+/-13.84 mmHg. The mean diastolic blood pressure of the low exposed and the high exposed group were 77.18+/-10.83 mmHg, and 83.46+/-11.22 mmHg respectively. These differences of blood pressure were statistically significant(p<0.05). The workers in noisy department have significantly less work environmental satisfaction, higher job demand, and higher social support. The mean values of psychosocial distress were higher in the workers of the noisy department, but the difference was not statistically significant. This study was to speculate whether the work environmental satisfaction and social supports modify the association between the noise exposure level and the blood pressure. The results showed that work environmental satisfaction could not modify the association between the blood pressure and the noise exposure. Social support at work did not modify the association. Furthermore, we evaluated the high job strain from a combination of high job demand and low job control at work. Compared to the low strain group, the olds ratio of the high job strain group for hypertension in diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant, but not in systolic blood pressure. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the independent variables contributed to explaining the blood pressure. After controlling for possible confounders, we found that the noise exposure level was a correlate of the diastolic blood pressure. But no association between the noise exposure level and the systolic blood pressure. No significant result was found for psychosocial factor.

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    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(9): 3887.     CrossRef
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Effects of the Chelating Agent on the Nephrotoxicity and Histopathological Change in Rat after Administration of Inorganic Mercury
Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Soon Won Hong
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):292-300.   Published online June 30, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.292
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was to determine the effects of Sodium-N-[4-methoxybenzyl]-D-glucamine-N-dithiocarbamate(MeOBGDTC) on the nephrotoxicity of mercury and histopathological change in rats pretreated with mercuric chloride 48h earlier. In a firsts experiment, 3 groups were given a single injection i.p. of 3.5 micromol/kg of HgCl2 mixed with 1microCi of 203Hg2+ in a final volume of 0.5ml of physiologic saline. Subsequently the rats also received the chelator, 1 mmol/kg of MeOBGDTC, at 1h in group 2 (HgCl2-MeOBGDTC 1h) and 12h in group 3 (HgCl2-MeOBGDTC 12h) after injection of mercuric chloride. The results showed that the injection of chelating agent at 1h after mercury injection significantly decreased mercury level in plasma. But not significant in renal cortex. In a second experiment, rats were divided into 4 groups, one group was control group, others were mercury injected group. MeOBGDTC was also administered to mercury-injected rats as described above. The changes in renal function were determined by measurement of proteinuria, plasma creatinine and urinary osmolality. The results showed that the injection of mercuric chloride increased the excretion of urinary protein and plasma creatinine, and decreased the urinary osmolarity. However, the injection of chelating agent at 1h after mercury injection significantly decreases the toxic effects of mercury. Finally, histopathological change at the light microscopic level was comparable effect of chelating agent on nephrotoxicity of mercury. Minimal morphological alterations were seen in kidney of rats of HgCl2-MeOBGDTC 1h. The HgCl2-MeOBGDTC 12h caused necrotic change of the proximal tubule at cortical-medullary junction. These changes were more common and more severe at the HgCl2 alone.

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