Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Kyung Jong Lee

24 Articles

The Relationships between Enterprise-scale Levels, Safety and Health Information Provisions in the Workplace, and the Consequential Attack Rate of Occupational Disease and Injuries: In Kyung Park, Kyung Jong Lee, Soon Young Lee, Jae Beom Park, Kyoung Bok Min; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):229-238. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.229

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the associations between enterprise-scale levels, the information supplied regarding workplace safety and health, and occupational injury and disease using a nationally representative sample of Korean workers.
METHODS
We used data from the '2006 Working Condition Survey' performed by the Korean Occupational Safety & Health Agency. Demographic variables, employment characteristics, workplace hazards, enterprise-scale levels, information supplied regarding workplace safety and health, and occupational injury and disease were included for the study.
RESULTS
Subjects who had high incomes, or who were male, full-time workers, or shift workers were more likely to provide safety and health information at work, compared to other workers' groups. The larger the enterprise-scale level, the more likely they would offer information on safety and health at work. Workers who worked in small companies, especially those with less than 10 employees, were the most likely respondents to provide safety and health information. In the corresponding logistic regression, the presence of occupational injuries and disease was significantly associated with the provision of health and safety information, the enterprise-scale level had little correlation.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the provision of health and safety information is a critical factor regarding occupational injuries and disease. Proper safety and health education, even in small companies, may contribute to a decrease in occupational disease and injury.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationship between occupational injuries and the provision of safety and health information: data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Ju-il Seo, Gab-Sik Shin, Min Gi Kim, Young-Sun Min
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

23 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

The Effects of Aircraft Noise Exposure upon Hearing Loss, Anxiety, and Depression on Subjects Residing Adjacent to a Military Airbase: Yu Rim Jeong, Jae Beom Park, Kyoung Bok Min, Chan Lee, Hyun Gwon Kil, Won Wook Lee, Kyung Jong Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):40-51. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.40

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the level of aircraft noise exposure and how it relates to hearing loss, and to investigate the association between noise exposure and anxiety and depression in subjects residing adjacent to a military airbase.
METHODS
The study was conducted upon 898 inhabitants between the ages of 30-79, living near the military airbase in Jeonra-do. The subjects were divided into three noise-exposure groups: high-exposure, low-exposure, and a control group. The cut-values were 80 and 60 on the Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level scale. A self-administered questionnaire including the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were completed. Pure tone audiometry tests were performed.
RESULTS
Hearing loss prevalence was defined by a >40 dB loss in bilateral ears or in one ear; the difference of <15 dB compared to the better side was 30.8%. The mean BAI/BDI score was 18.9+/-14.3/18.7+/-11.6, the number of abnormal subjects with BAIs > or =22 was 317 (35.3%), with BDIs > or =21 was 347 (38.6%). The pure tone average, BAI, and BDI scores were higher in the noise-exposure groups compared to the control. The BAI/BDI abnormal subjects showed a higher hearing threshold shift level compared to the normal scored subjects. The odd ratios for anxiety was significantly high in both noise exposure groups and the hearing loss, for depression was significantly high in high-exposure group and hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety and depression were higher when exposure to high-level noise and further complicated by hearing loss. Further investigation is needed to determine the cause-effect relationship.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Normal İşiten ve İşitme Kaybına Sahip Yetişkin Bireylerin Beck Depresyon Envanterine Göre Değerlendirilmesi ve Karşılaştırılması
Ayşenur Ercan, Selva Zeren
İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; (23): 865. CrossRef
Correlation between Traffic Noise and Mental Health Indices in Cities: An Ecological Study
Sukyung Noh, Sang-Yong Eom
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2023; 49(6): 353. CrossRef
Multiple Noise Analysis and Derivation of Noise Prediction Equations for Shelter System
Jae-sang Cho, Sock-kyu Lee, In-gi Baek, Sang-hyun Kim, Jeung Lee, Ji-ho Choi
Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering.2016; 26(5): 616. CrossRef
Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
Kang Ho Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja-Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Saeng Jung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
The Characterisitics of Tinnitus and Its Relationship to Depression from Tinnitus Acquired from Military Service
Kyoo Sang Kim, Ji Hae Kim, Yong Hun Yoon
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2012; 55(12): 757. CrossRef

20 View
0 Download
5 Crossref

Effects of Aircraft Noise on Children's Mental Health: Data from the Health Survey of Inhabitants in the Vicinity of Gunsan Airport: Kyeong Yeol Yu, Jae Beom Park, Kyoung Bok Min, Chan Lee, Hyun Gwon Kil, Yu Rim Jung, Kyung Jong Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):298-306. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.298

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aircraft noise exposure on children's mental health problems such as depression and personality.
METHODS
We obtained data from the health examinations of school children in the vicinity of Gunsan airport. This survey was conducted in the rural area, Gunsan during 2009. The study population included 195 children attending 4th to 6th grade from 6 elementary schools near the airport. Based on 60 Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level (WECPNL) measures of aircraft noise, participants were divided into 2 groups; the exposure group consisted of 106 children from 4 schools, and the reference group included 89 children from the 2 schools in Gunsan. All children completed questions on general characteristics, the Korean Children's Depression Inventory (KCDI) for depression, and the Korea Human Nature Inspection (KHNI) for personality.
RESULTS
Children in the exposure group were at higher risk of depression (5.62, 95% CI 1.12~28.25), and personality changes (2.08, 95% CI 1.07~4.05) than those of the reference group. In particular, children's diligence, cooperation, and concentration, subgroups of personality measure, were affected significantly and negatively, by aircraft noise level.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that exposure to aircraft noise at school is associated with mental health problems in children. Requirements should be implemented to manage aircraft noise of its affect on children's health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Influence of noise exposure on cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korea
Myoungjin Oh, Kwangsoo Shin, Kyungah Kim, Jungwoo Shin
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 651: 1867. CrossRef
Effects of APU Noise on Employees on the Ramp
Sung-Jae Park
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 720. CrossRef

28 View
0 Download
2 Crossref

Association between Occupational Stress and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms among White-collar Male Workers in an Automotive Company: Kyu Chul Park, Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Beom Park, Kyoung Bok Min, Kyu Won Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):215-224. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.215

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among white-collar male workers in an automotive company.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study involving 286 white-collar male workers was conducted with the Korean Occupational Stress Scales (KOSS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire.
RESULTS
According to the DASS cut-off value (> or =78 percentile scores), the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms was 57.7%, 37.7% and 42.2%, respectively. By logistic regression analysis, organizational system was the factor most strongly associated with depression (OR=4.83, 95% C.I.=2.43-9.58), while job demand was strongly associated with anxiety (OR=3.21, 95% C.I.=1.77-5.85) and stress (OR=4.66, 95% C.I.=2.53-8.58).
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational stress was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among white-collar male workers in an automotive company. A prospective study is warranted to delineate the causal relationships between job stress and psychiatric disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors that influence the mental health of bus drivers: A systematic review
Oladapo Akinlotan, Henry Drewry
Mental Health & Prevention.2024; 35: 200355. CrossRef
Longitudinal associations between occupational stress and depressive symptoms
Hyung Doo Kim, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Go Choi, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)
Abdullah Yıldırım, Murat Boysan, Mehmet Celal Kefeli
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling.2018; 46(5): 582. CrossRef
Effects of changes in occupational stress on the depressive symptoms of Korean workers in a large company: a longitudinal survey
Jaehyuk Jung, Inchul Jeong, Kyung-Jong Lee, Guyeon Won, Jae Bum Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between job stress and functional dyspepsia in display manufacturing sector workers: a cross-sectional study
Younghyeon Nam, Soon-Chan Kwon, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Seung-hwan Ahn
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness for Office Workers
Yoo-Mi Chae, Jeong-bae Rhie, Sook Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 389. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Depression among Wage Earners by Subjective Health and Stress Perception
Duck-Jin Kim, Jeong-Seop Lee
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 99. CrossRef
Effect of Job Insecurity on Job related Depression and Anxiety: Large- and Small-sized Company Employees
Yeongmi Ha, Hyunju Park
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 329. CrossRef
Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
Kang Ho Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja-Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Saeng Jung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS‐21) across cultures
Tian P. S. Oei, Sukanlaya Sawang, Yong Wah Goh, Firdaus Mukhtar
International Journal of Psychology.2013; 48(6): 1018. CrossRef
Effect of Psychosocial Work Environment and Self-efficacy on Mental Health of Office Workers
Kyung Ja June, Eun Suk Choi, Mi-Jin Park
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 228. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behaviour according to the Type A/B Personality of White Collar Workers
Jin Yi Choi, Young Mi Park
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(4): 305. CrossRef
The Moderating Effect of Marital Satisfaction on the Relation between Wife's Depression/Hwa-Byung and Husband's Depression/Hwa-Byung
Eunha Kim, Hyeon Suk Nam, Tae Hoon Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(10): 4837. CrossRef
Acculturative Stress, Work‐related Psychosocial Factors and Depression in Korean‐Chinese Migrant Workers in Korea
Hyeonkyeong Lee, Hyunmi Ahn, Arlene Miller, Chang Gi Park, Sun Jung Kim
Journal of Occupational Health.2012; 54(3): 206. CrossRef
Relationship between Occupational Stress and Depression of Construction Workers
Mi-Ra Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 279. CrossRef
Effects of Fatigue on Health Promotion Behavior and Mental Health of Automotive Manufacturing Workers
Kyung-Hee Lee, Kyung-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 143. CrossRef
Occupational Diseases among Office Workers
Jung-Wan Koo
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 274. CrossRef
The Influence of Workplace Violence on Work-related Anxiety and Depression Experience among Korean Employees
Eun Sook Choi, Hye-Sun Jung, Su-Hyun Kim, Hyunju Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 650. CrossRef

25 View
1 Download
19 Crossref

The Relations between Shiftwork and Sleep Disturbance in a University Hospital Nurses: Jung Tak Lee, Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Beom Park, Kyu Won Lee, Kyu Yeob Jang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(3):223-230. Published online September 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.3.223

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Nurses working in a hospital operate in a special environment where patients require a 24-hour day service. In order to meet the need for manpower, nurses in the wards, ICU, and ER work in 3 shifts per day. This study was designed to evaluate their sleeping patterns and the factors that influence them.
METHODS
The subjects were 114 female nurses working at a University Hospital in Kyungi-do. To evaluate their sleeping pattern, a survey containing 11 questions was used. Their were differentiated into insomnia, sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. Statistical analysis was conducted with independent t test, chi-square test and analysis of covariance.
RESULTS
A statistical difference was found between shiftworkers and nonshiftworkers, in terms of sleep initiation time (p<0.05). The occurrences of insomnia, sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness and snoring differed between the two groups, but not significantly.
CONCLUSIONS
Of the numerous factors affecting sleeping patterns, shiftwork has the most deteriorative effect.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems
Moon Joo Cheong, Sungchul Kim, Jee Su Kim, Hyeryun Lee, Yeoung-Su Lyu, Yu Ra Lee, Byeonghyeon Jeon, Hyung Won Kang
Medicine.2021; 100(9): e24652. CrossRef
Sleep disturbance and its association with quality of life among psychiatric nurses in China
Li Lu, Ka-In Lok, Qinge Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yifan Xiang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Brian J. Hall, Feng-Rong An, Yu-Tao Xiang
PeerJ.2021; 9: e10659. CrossRef
Effects of Light on Daytime Sleep in 12 Hours Night Shift Workers: A Field Study
Su Jung Choi, Hea Ree Park, Eun Yeon Joo
Journal of Sleep Medicine.2019; 16(1): 26. CrossRef
Differences in Sleep, Fatigue, and Neurocognitive Function between Shift Nurses and Non-shift Nurses
Yoo Jin Jung, Seung Wan Kang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(2): 190. CrossRef
Relationship of workplace violence and perpetrators on sleep disturbance-data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Taejun Yoo, Byeongjin Ye, Jung-Il Kim, Siwoo Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Night shift work and inflammatory markers in male workers aged 20–39 in a display manufacturing company
Seong-Woo Kim, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Wook Han, Min-Sung Kang, Young-Hyeon Nam, Yong-Jin Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
Gyuree Kim, Bokki Min, Jaeyoup Jung, Domyung Paek, Sung-il Cho
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Physical, Mental Health Status and Work-related Injuries According to the Working Environment of Nurses
Hye-Sim Kim, Yoon-Shin Kim, Min-Hee Hong, Jin-Uk Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 527. CrossRef
Factors Related to Sleep Disorders among Male Firefighters
Dong-Kyun Lim, Ki-Ook Baek, In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship of Shift Work to Gastrointestinal Disorders in Hospital Nurses
Eun-Ju Kim, Hye-Sun Jung, Eun-hi Choi
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2014; 14(4): 172. CrossRef
The relationships between dietary behavior and health related factors according to shift work in nurses
Ji-Myung Kim, Bok-Hee Kang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(6): 416. CrossRef
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops - Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul -
Seung-Lim Lee, Soo-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 467. CrossRef
Effect of Nutrition Education on Improving Dietary Attitudes, Food Habits and Food Frequency - Female in Twenties Shift Work in Gyeonggi Area
Seung-Lim Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 55. CrossRef
Associations between Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, with Perceived Errors during Nursing Work among Hospital Nurses
Mi Sung Kim, Jang-Rak Kim, Ki-Soo Park, Young Sil Kang, Sung Pil Michael Choe
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(4): 229. CrossRef
Effect of Environmental Intervention on Sleep, Emotions and Job Satisfaction of Rotating Shift Nurses in Intensive Care Unit
Hee-Ja Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(1): 11. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behavior among Hospital Registered Nurses - Mood States, Resourcefulness, and Health Perception -
Eun Ja Yeun, Hee Jeong Kim, Mi Soon Jeon
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(2): 198. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Sleep Duration in Korean Adults: Results of a 2008 Community Health Survey in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Korea
So Yeon Ryu, Ki Soon Kim, Mi Ah Han
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(9): 1124. CrossRef
Prevalence of Sleep Disorder and Associated Factors in Family Practice
Sam Lee, Yoo-Seock Cheong, Eal-Whan Park, Eun-Young Choi, Ho-Kuan Yoo, Ki-Hyoung Kang, Won-Soon Kang, Ki-Sung Kim, Hye-Kyung Kim, Kyung-Sup Park, Yun-Jong Park, Moon-Sung Suh, Sug-Kyu Sim, Hung-Tag Yeoum, Ran Lee, Seung-Hwa Lee, Ki-Bo Lim, Eun-Joo Jeong,
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2010; 31(11): 837. CrossRef
Occupational Psychiatric Disorders in Korea
Kyeong-Sook Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef

28 View
0 Download
19 Crossref

Urinary Excretion of Thiodiglycolic Acid According to Sampling Time in Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer: Hyun Soo Kim, Chi Nyon Kim, Jong Uk Won, Bong Suk Cha, Kyung Jong Lee, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):138-145. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.138

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The study was performed to investigate the changes of urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) concentration in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) according to the time of sampling urine.
METHODS
The personal exposure to airborne VCM was assessed and urinary TDGA concentration was sampled in 31 workers employed in a VCM and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacturing factory. Urinary TDGA was sampled three times: before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), after the end of the first-day shift (TDGA2) and before starting the following day shift after completing the oneday shift (TDGA3). Urinary TDGA in 30 workers who had not been exposed to airborne VCM was sampled after the end of the shift. A gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC/PFPD) was utilized to analyze TDGA concentration in urine after the urine was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane(2.0M in diethyl ether).
RESULTS
The creatinine level was 0.179+/-0.271 mg/g in the control workers and 0.218+/-0.443 mg/g in the workers before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), showing no significant difference (p=0.7035). Urine samples were compared according to sampling time in order to investigate the change of urinary TDGA concentration in the case of continuous exposure to airborne VCM. In VCM-exposed workers, urinary creatinine concentration was 0.434+/-0.623 mg/g in TDGA2 and 0.767+/-1.056 mg/g in TDGA3, which indicated a gradual but significant increase (p=0.024). In terms of the statistical correlation between airborne VCM and urinary TDGA to evaluate exposure dose per day, of the three urinary TDGA concentrations, TDGA3 showed the highest degree of regression (R(2)=0.4215) with 8h-TWA airborne VCM concentration.
CONCLUSION
Based on this result, the excretion half-life of urinary TDGA was assumed to be less than 3 days, because the concentration of urinary TDGA at 3 days after exposure to airborne VCM was decreased to the level of urinary TDGA concentration in the control workers. The concentration of urinary TDGA increased in the case of continuous shift, due to the accumulation of residual metabolites of TDGA. It was considered that TDGA3 can be applied as a useful biological index to evaluate the exposure dose of airborne VCM during one day because TDGA3 showed the highest correlation with the exposure dose of airborne VCM in the previous shift day.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment of urinary thiodiglycolic acid exposure in school-aged children in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in central Taiwan
Po-Chin Huang, Li-Hsuan Liu, Ruei-Hao Shie, Chih-Hsin Tsai, Wei-Yen Liang, Chih-Wen Wang, Cheng-Hsien Tsai, Hung-Che Chiang, Chang-Chuan Chan
Environmental Research.2016; 150: 566. CrossRef

34 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Relationship between Phenylglyoxylic Acid in Urine and Postural Body Sway in Styrene Exposed Workers: Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Bum Park, Keou Weon Lee, Kwang Jin Lim, Kyoo Yup Jang, Cheol Woo Bang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):459-467. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.459

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: Until now,no effective screening tools have been available for evaluating the neurotoxicity of organic solvents and metals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of posturography as a screening tool for the chronic neurotoxicity of organic solvents.
METHOD
36 workers in 4 septic tank manufacturers,who were exposed to styrene over a period of 1 year (exposed group),and 15 hospital volunteer manual workers were examined by posturography.The subjects' physical,medical,and occupational characteristics were obtained by means of a physical examination and a questionnaire. We excluded from both groups those persons who had psychiatric problems, diabetes, neurologic symptoms, gait disturbance,or a history of stroke.The sway area of the exposed group was compared to that of the non-exposed group using bivariate and multiple regression analysis. We controlled a number of variables including age, alcohol consumption,smoking, weight, height, and body mass index.
RESULT
The sway area of the exposed group was found to be higher than that of the non-exposed group after taking into consideration the effects of other characteristics by means of multiple regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
We concluded the posturography would be an effective tool for the screening of chronic neurotoxicity in workers exposed to styrene.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of the Suitability of Establishing Biological Exposure Indices of Styrene
Ah-rum Choi, Sung-guk Im, Mi-young Lee, Se-Hoon Lee
Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(1): 103. CrossRef

30 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

The Association of Exposure to Organic Solvents with Liver Function: Chi Young Ann, Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Bum Park, Jae Yeon Jang, Moon Jong Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):64-74. Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.64

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate the association of cumulative exposure to organic solvent with liver function.
METHODS
We conducted a cross sectional study. 461 male workers who perform painting job at a shipyard and use organic solvents routinely and 125 workers of the same shipyard who never have been exposed to organic solvents were studied. All subjects who were confirmed not having HBsAg surveyed their age, BMI(body mass index), alcohol drinking and smoking history, and examined liver function test (SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GTP, Total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin). The amount of cumulative exposure (CE) to mixed organic solvents were measured by biological monitoring method using their metabolites in urine.
RESULTS
The CE was observed as a significant variable with logistic regression analysis on abnormality of SGOT(>35IU/L), SGPT(>40IU/L) and gamma-GTP(>63IU/L), their odds ratio were 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.02-1.20), 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19), and 1.10 (95 %CI, 1.01-1.19) each.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore we suggest that the cumulative exposure to mixed organic solvents might be a significant variable on abnormal liver function indices (SGOT, SGPT,gamma-GTP) in male shipyard workers

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Liver function alterations among workers in the shoe industry due to combined low-level exposure to organic solvents
Nina Umicevic, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic, Vesna Paleksic, Danijela Djukic-Cosic, Evica Antonijevic Miljakovic, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic, Marijana Curcic, Zorica Bulat, Biljana Antonijevic
Drug and Chemical Toxicology.2022; 45(4): 1907. CrossRef
Estimating Benzene Exposure Level over Time and by Industry Type through a Review of Literature on Korea
Donguk Park, Sangjun Choi, Kwonchul Ha, Hyejung Jung, Chungsik Yoon, Dong-Hee Koh, Seunghun Ryu, Soogeun Kim, Dongmug Kang, Kyemook Yoo
Safety and Health at Work.2015; 6(3): 174. CrossRef
The effect of exposure to a mixture of organic solvents on liver enzymes in an auto manufacturing plant
Saber Mohammadi, Amirhoushang Mehrparvar, Yasser Labbafinejad, Mir Saeed Attarchi
Journal of Public Health.2010; 18(6): 553. CrossRef

22 View
0 Download
3 Crossref

An Analysis of Industrial Accidents in an Automobile Factory: Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Beom Park, Ho Keun Chung, Jong Goo Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):119-127. Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.119

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To know the present conditions of industrial accidents in automobile factories in Korea and make the basic materials essential to prevention of industrial accidents METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed the records of industrial accidents occurred in an automobile factory in 1997 by time of occurrence, job categories(fixed production, skilled trades, mechanical material handling, and clerical 8r technical), type of injury, kind of accident, and location of injury.
RESULTS
1. By age groups, the accident rate was the highest in age 45-49(1.6 %o) followed by age 35-39(1.3 %), 40-44(0.9 %), 30-34(0.9 %), 25-29(0.6 %), and 20-24(0.4 %) and by working duration, it was highest in group of experience over 25 years, and so we could see that the more age or working duration increases the more accident rate increases. 2. By work time, the accident rate was the highest in 10-11 a.m. (21.4 %) followed by 2-3 p.m. (17.9%). By the day of the week, it was as follows, Friday(20.5%) Wednesday (17. 9%), Monday (16. 2 %), Thesday (15. 4 %), Saturday (12. 0 %), Thursday(11.1 %), Sunday(6.8 %) in order. By the month, it was high in May(17.9 %), March(11.1 %), and April(11.1 %) followed by August(10.3 %) and January(9.4 %), so we could see it was high in spring. 3. The most frequent injury was in the back by 41.0 % followed by 17 cases in fingers(14.5 %), legs(9.4 %), hands(7.7 %), head(6.0 %) in order. And by the type of injuries, the sprain was most frequent by 38. 5% followed by fracture(22. 2 %, lumbar HNP(11.1 %), and contusion(9.4 %) in order. The causes of accident were handling heavy materials(34.2 %), upset(17.1 %), stenosis(16.2 %), and falling(6.8 %) in order.
CONCLUSIONS
By the above results, to prevent the industrial accidents in automobile factories in Korea, preventive activities for handling heavy materials and back injury, and continuous industrial education are necessary.

16 View
0 Download

Acute Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning: TWO CASES REPORT: Jong Goo Kim, Kyung Jong Lee, Se Wi Lee, Jae Beom Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):148-155. Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.148

Abstract PDF

Hydrogen sulfide poisoning is frequently encountered in the workplace. Two workers lost their consciousness in an underground tank at a factory producing paper. The tank contained liquid mixture of used paper, sodium oxygenate chloride(NaOC1), and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate(NaSO3 5H90). A worker(worker A; 36-year-old man) entered tank to remove sludge. When worker A lost his consciousness, worker B entered the tank to rescue worker A, however he lost consciousness inside the tank. We discuss in detail the clinical features of this condition. Hydrogen sulfide poisonings have occurred in industries involving petroleum refining, the manufacture of heavy water, tanning of hides, vulcanization of rubber, and the manufacture of rayon. And it is necessary to stress the health education for workers and managers in these industries.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A case of syncope in a villager with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after hydrogen sulfide exposure by an unauthorized discharge of wastewater
Hyeonjun Kim, Seunghyeon Cho, Inho Jung, Sunjin Jung, Won-Ju Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of control parameters for the sulfur gas storability with bag sampling methods
Sang-Hee Jo, Ki-Hyun Kim, Zang-Ho Shon, David Parker
Analytica Chimica Acta.2012; 738: 51. CrossRef

23 View
0 Download
2 Crossref

Health Effects of Aircraft Noise on Residents Living Near an Airport: Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Beom Park, Jae Yeon Jang, Sun Mi Cho, Se Wi Lee, Jong Goo Kim, Soon Young Lee, Jong Ja Kwak, Ho Keun Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):534-545. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.534

Abstract PDF

Objectives
; This study was conducted to reveal the health effects of aircraft noise on the residents live near the military airport.
METHODS
We sampled systematically 87 residents as the high exposed group, 58 residents as the low exposed group according to the geographical distance from the airport. We also sampled 67 residents as the control group lived far from the airport. Noise levels were measured for conform the exposures. Self-administered questionnaires for symptoms, air conduction hearing threshold level, blood pressure blood cholesterol with health examinations, and SCL-90-R were introduced to get the data from the residents.
RESULTS
The Ld/n at the area near the airport was 72.4 dB, however that of control area was 67. 7 dB. The value of pure tone average, high pure tone average, and threshold of 4,000 Hz were decreased with exposure level significantly. Linear regression analysis showed that the noise exposure level of the airport was related to the hearing threshold at pure tone average, threshold of 4,000 Hz, and high pure tone average. The systemic and diastolic blood pressure showed dose-response relationship with noise exposure. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in exposed group, but not statistically significant. In linear regression, noise level was related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure with other variables such as age, sex, BMI (Body Mass Index), and family history of hypertension. SCL-90-R showed that exposed group had higher score significantly in neurotic and psychologic variable and felt the various somatic symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that aircraft noise would influence hearing loss at low frequencies as well as 4,000 Hz and higher frequencies, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and psychological response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Influence of noise exposure on cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korea
Myoungjin Oh, Kwangsoo Shin, Kyungah Kim, Jungwoo Shin
Science of The Total Environment.2019; 651: 1867. CrossRef
Study on the Health Status of the Residents near Military Airbases in Pyeongtaek City
Hyunjoo Kim, Sangchul Roh, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ki Chung Paik, Moo-Yong Rhee, Jae-Yun Jeong, Myung Ho Lim, Mi-Jin Koo, Chang-Hoon Kim, Hae Young Kim, Jeong-Hun Lim, Dong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(5): 307. CrossRef

31 View
0 Download
2 Crossref

Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Several Volatile Organic Compounds: Jae Yeon Jang, Kyung Jong Lee, Ho Keun Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):357-377. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.357

Abstract PDF: Recently physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model has important role in industrial and environmental health. One of problem in application of PB-PK models is that they have uncertainties that is due to different input parameters according to authors. In order to develope a PB-PK model that hag good validity, the effect of several input parameters on simulation results was studies. Chemicals studied were perchloroethylene, toluene and styrene. Simulation of alveolar concentration, blood concentration and urinary metabolites was performed for three solvents, respectively. Input parameters discusses were physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and partition coefficient of chemicals. By comparing simulation results according to several pairs of parameters with experimental data, input parameters that showed best fit were decided.

17 View
0 Download

Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) Due to Chlorine Gas Exposure: Kyung Jong Lee, Yi Hyeong Lee, Jae Bum Park, Kwang Ho Kim, Ho Keun Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):12-16. Published online February 28, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.12

Abstract PDF: Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a syndrome as a persistent bronchial hyperreactivity with asthmatic dyspnea which occurs after one or more inhalation exposures to a high concentration of irritant gasses, smokes or vapors in subjects who had preciously had no respiratory disease. We report a case of a 34 years old female worker suffering from reactive airways dysfunction syndrome who had been taking charge of guest room cleaning at a condominium. 7 months before, she inhaled high concentration of chlorine gas in confined and poor ventilated working space of bathroom at the condominium. As she was washing a bathroom with a bleaching agent (6 % sodium hypochlorite) without dilution, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, nausea, and coughing developed after work. She still suffer from dyspnea and coughing. All functional tests were normal except for methacholine challenge test which reveals bronchial hyperreactivity. She has some symptoms of dyspnea and coughing when exposed to perfume, cold air, and heavy work.

15 View
0 Download

Respiratory Symptoms and Ventilatory Function Impairment of Taxi Drivers: Jong Han Leem, Jaehoon Rho, Kyung Jong Lee, Myung Jo Yuhn, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):134-142. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.134

Abstract PDF: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and impairments of ventilatory capacity were studied in a group of 74 taxi drivers in Inchon area. As a reference group, 94 office workers of same area, matched with cigarette smoking, were also included in this study. Taxi drivers complained of respiratory symptoms much more than reference group. Those were cough, sputum production, chest tightness and shortness of breath. The ventilatory capacities, FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV(1.0) (forced expiratory volume 1 second), MMF (maximal mid flow) and PFR (peak flow rate), were measured. All measured values of ventilatory capacities of taxi driver were significantly decreased than those of reference group. The rate (56.8%) of ventilatory capacity impairment in taxi drivers was significantly larger than those (14.9%) of reference group, and the most of them were restrictive type impairments. Also, Job variable, prefessional driver or not, was selected as important determinant for ventilatory capacity impairment.

22 View
1 Download

The study of blood carbon disulfide in rats after oral administration of carbon disulfide: Muyung Hwa Cho, Jae Hoon Roh, Kyung Jong Lee, Chi Nyun Kim, Yong Bong Cho, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(2):216-222. Published online September 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.2.216

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

19 View
0 Download

Effects ethanol and phenobarbital on metabolism of trichloroethylene in rats: Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Hoon Roh, Chi Nyon Kim, Myung Hwha Cho, Bong Suk Cha, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):76-87. Published online February 28, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.1.76

Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood and Urine among Residents around Camp Carroll
Hyun-Sul Lim, Wonho Yang, Geun-Bae Kim, Young-Sung Cho, Young-Sun Min, Kwan Lee, Duk Hee Lee, Young-Su Ju, Sunshin Kim, Jung Heo, Dayoung Jung
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 11. CrossRef

23 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Workers' health status related working environments in small and medium sized industries: Kyoo Sang Kim, Jae Hoon Roh, Kyung Jong Lee, Ho Keun Chung, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):3-14. Published online February 28, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.1.3

Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Practice of Health Managers and Workers according to Guidance of Work Environment Management of Specialized Health Management Institution
Yunhee Kim
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(2): 198. CrossRef
Effects of health and safety problem recognition on small business facility investment
Jisu Park, Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Jong-Tae Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Jongseo Kim, Hae-Joon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
The Work Environment and Wearing Conditions of Industrial Protective Clothing in Shipbuilding Workshops
Hyun-Sook Bae, Min-Young Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles.2012; 36(5): 512. CrossRef
The Classification of Manufacturing Work Processes to Develop Functional Work Clothes - With a Reference to the Automobile, Machine and Shipbuilding Industries -
Ginah Park, Hyewon Park, Hyunsook Bae
Fashion business.2012; 16(6): 21. CrossRef
Cancer Admission and Mortality in Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Robert M. Park, Dong-Hee Koh
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2008; 50(7): 791. CrossRef

18 View
0 Download
5 Crossref

The development of industrial health information management system: Sung Hyun Han, Young Moon Chae, Young Hahn Moon, Jaehoon Roh, Kyung Jong Lee, Myung Wha Cho, Hae Young Min; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(2):181-189. Published online October 31, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.2.181

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

20 View
0 Download

Effects of workers' health status to the recognition about their work environment: Young Hahn Moon, Chong Yon Park, Kyung Jong Lee, Myung Wha Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(1):81-91. Published online February 29, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.1.81

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

17 View
0 Download

Health hazard of workers potentially exposed to trichloroethylene in the Inchon area: Young Hahn Moon, Jaehoon Roh, Kyung Jong Lee, Chang Iei Song; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(1):14-19. Published online February 29, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.1.14

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

23 View
0 Download

The study of health care standards of noise induced hearing loss: Young Hahn Moon, Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Hoon Roh, Dongchun Shin; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1991;3(1):1-10. Published online February 28, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1991.3.1.1

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

19 View
0 Download

Analysis of Medical Charges in Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System: Young Hahn Moon, Bong Suk Cha, Jaehoon Roh, Myung Keun Lee, Kyung Jong Lee, Se Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(2):153-165. Published online August 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.2.153

Abstract PDF: A recent increase in hospital cost in Industrial Accident Compensation System has caused an issue. Especially the many problems in assessing and paying hospital cost have made necessary improvement measures on this. For this purpose the study analyzed 179,442 medical bills for industrial accident patients during 1986~1988. And various annual statistic data, references and documentations are also reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average days for medical treatment per injury decreased depending upon hospital grade in the order of clinic, hospital, and general hospital, and the average hospital charges per injury decreased in the order of general hospital, hospital and clinic. 2. The inpatients' leading injury was traumatic amputation of fingers, and the open wound of fingers came to leading injury among the outpatients. The proportions of 10 leading injuries among inpatients and outpatients were 42.7% and 49.2% respectively. 3. As a consequence of the analysis of average medical charges, fractures of neck of femur in inpatients, and intervertebral disc disorders in outpatients were obtained as the most prevalent injuries. The coal workers' pneumoconiosis and injury to nerve roots and spinal plexus were most prominent injuries with repect to the days for medical treatment. 4. According to annual days for medical treatment, fracture of tibia and fibula was the most prevalent in inpatients, and sprains and strains of back was the most prevalent in outpatient. Traumatic amputation of fingers and other 10 leading injuries has a 42.6% share of total inpatients' hospital charges, and fracture of phalanges of hand and other 10 leading injuries possessed 53.4% of total outpatients' hospital charges. 5. Multiple regression analysis revealed that length of hospital stay, number of revealed that length of hospital stay, number of radiologic examinations, duration of operation, age, and others were the major determinants of total hospital charges. A comparision with medical insurance and car insurance for hospital charges and days for treatment showed 2-4 times higher than medical insurance, but showed 0.4~1.0 times lower than medical insurance and car insurance for daily treatment charges.

14 View
0 Download

A Comparative Study of Ihe Hospital Charge of Long-term and Short-term inpatient in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System: Kyung Jong Lee, Young Hahn Moon, Bong Suk Cha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(1):1-12. Published online February 28, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.1.1

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to compare the hospital charges of long-term and those of short-term inpatients Insured by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System. This study analysed 1,597 medical bills of injured workers emitted to and discharged from all hospitals in Korea in the period between March 1, 1988 and May 30, 1989. The 308 workers hospitalized for more than 50 hospital days were classified as long-term inpatients, and the others as short-term inpatients. The sampling method employed was 25% systematic sampling. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The average length of stay for long-term inpatients was 95.1 days, and 20.7 days for short-term inpatients, 2. Long-term inpaiients' main diseases were multiple injury and fracture. Fracture of the lower extremities and feet prevailed, 3. Daily hospital charges were higher in the long-term inpatients than in the short-term inpatients. 4. Total charges decreased depending upon hospital grade in the order of general hospital, hospital, and clinic. Daily average hospital charges were the same regardless of hospital grade. 5. The proportions of long-term Inpatients admitted to general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics were 46.1%, 23.4%. and 30.5% respectively, and those of short-term patients were 33.2%, 24.1%, and 42.7% respectively. 6. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay, hospital grade, treatment results and patient's age were the major determinants of hospital charges.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

K-means Cluster Analysis on Care Status of Injured Workers with Stroke According to Discharge Disposition Patterns
Goo Joo Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Keewon Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Sewoong Chun, Tai Ryoon Han
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2011; 4(2): 132. CrossRef

30 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Health Hazards of Plating Workers: Jung Gyun Park, Jaehoon Roh, Kyung Jong Lee, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1989;1(2):218-227. Published online November 30, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1989.1.2.218

Abstract PDF

Chromic acid has widely been used for decorative chromium plating, hard chromium plating, and surface treatment of raw materials. However, its strong oxidizing action has been found to cause corrosion of mucous membranes and skin, such as the nasal septum, conjunctiva, face, and hand skin. Excessive exposure to chmmic acid has frequently caused ulceration and perforation of a nasal septum. These ulcerations are painless and confined to the cartilaginous portion at the lower anterior part of the septum known as Kisselbach's or Little's area. This study was undertaken to investigate the general characteristics, actual conditions of the working environment and the prevalence rate of nasal septal perforation due to inhalation of chromic acid mist in workers employed at plating industries. This study was conducted on 627 workers who were exposed to chromic acid from July to November 1988. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean age of workers with septal perforation was 26 years and the mean working duration was 84 months. 2. The prevalence rates of nasal septal perforation and ulceration of mucosa of the plating workers were 31.7% and 10.5% respectively. 3. The significant variables related with occurrence of nasal septal perforation were age of workers, working duration, kinds of plating, efficiency of local ventilation and performance of health examinations. From the above results, occurrences of nasal septal perforation in plating workers were affected by the duration of chromium exposed work and state of the working environment. Prevention of occupationsl diseases fri plating workers will be accomplished by implementation of an industrial health care system which includes thorough health checkups for workers and regular environmental monitoring.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

22 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Author index