Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Kyung Jae Lee

8 Articles

Emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female Bank employees: a questionnaire survey using the K-ELS and K-WVS: Guang Hwi Kim, Hee Sung Lee, Sung Won Jung, Jae Gwang Lee, June Hee Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:17. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

In modern society, the scale of the service industry is continuously expanding, and the number of service workers is increasing. Correspondingly, physical and mental problems related to emotional labor are becoming a major social problem. In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female bank employees, which is a typical service industry.

Methods

In this study, the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) and Korean Workplace Violence Scale (K-WVS) were distributed to 381 female workers in their 20s at a bank in Seoul, Korea. Data were obtained from 289 subjects (75.9%) and analyzed for 278 respondents, after excluding those with missing responses. We examined the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among 278 subjects, 27 workers (9.7%) had depressive symptoms. “Emotional disharmony and hurt” (OR 2.93, 95% CI = 1.17–7.36) and “Organizational surveillance and monitoring” (OR 3.18, 95% CI = 1.29–7.86) showed a significant association with depressive symptoms. For workplace violence, the “Experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers” (OR 4.07, 95% CI = 1.58–10.50) showed a significant association. When the number of high-risk emotional labor-related factors was 1 or more, 13.1% showed depressive symptoms. When the number of high-risk workplace violence-related factors was 1 or more, 14.4% had statistically significant depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

A significant result was found for depressive symptoms related to Emotional disharmony, which is a sub-topic of emotional labor, and those at high risk for “Organizational surveillance and monitoring.” For workplace violence, depressive symptoms were high for the group at high risk for the “experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers.” In this way, management of emotional disharmony, a sub-factor of emotional labor, is necessary, and improvements to traditional corporate culture that monitors emotional labor is necessary. Violence from colleagues and supervisors in the workplace must also be reduced.

IRB Approval No. SCHUH 2017–01-029. Registered 26 January 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

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Journal of Affective Disorders.2022; 310: 304. CrossRef
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Yeogyeong Yoon, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 93. CrossRef
Workplace violence influences nurses’ turnover intentions, but only when organisational support and perceived invulnerability are considered
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Prevalence and Consequences of Verbal Aggression among Bank Workers: A Survey into an Italian Banking Institution
Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto, Cristina Civilotti, Nicola Magnavita
Administrative Sciences.2022; 12(3): 78. CrossRef
Relationship between workplace violence and work-related depression/anxiety, separating the types of perpetrators: a cross-sectional study using data from the fourth and fifth Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS)
Na-Rae Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Han Joo, Jae-Han Lee, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Workplace violence and turnover intentions among nurses: The moderating roles of invulnerability and organisational Support – A cross‐sectional study
Huseyin Cakal, Saeed Keshavarzi, Ali Ruhani, Golnoosh Dakhil‐Abbasi
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce?
Won Ju Hwang, Hye Kyung Yang, Ji Hye Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8019. CrossRef
Does Emotional Labor Increase the Risk of Suicidal Ideation among Firefighters?
Dae-Sung Hyun, Da-Yee Jeung, Changsoo Kim, Hye-Yoon Ryu, Sei-Jin Chang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(2): 179. CrossRef
Emotional Labor and Mental Health
Jae-Hon Lee
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2020; 59(2): 98. CrossRef
Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City
Sung Kyu Park, Han Cheol Heo, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of emotional labor on the health in the workplace: a narrative review of literature from 2013–2018
Norah Aung, Promise Tewogbola
AIMS Public Health.2019; 6(3): 268. CrossRef
Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals: The Effects of Healthcare Disturbance on the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Healthcare Workers
Nan Tang, Louise E. Thomson
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(19): 3687. CrossRef

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The Association Between Hypertension and Lifestyle in Express Bus Drivers: Jin Woo Lee, Nam Soo Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):270-278. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.270

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To examine whether or not there is an association between blood pressure and lifestyle habits in male express bus drivers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 249 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, daily hours of sleep, work duration and weekly working hours. The subjects' BMI (Body Mass Index) was classified using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for obesity in Asians, and their blood pressure was classified according to the JNC (Joint National Committee) 7 classification. Multiple cases of logistic regression modeling were used to determine associations between hypertension and the subjects' common characteristics, lifestyle habits and obesity were used as the independent variables.
RESULTS
We found that lack of sleep was associated with hypertension (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01~3.39) and obesity was also associated with hypertension (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.59~4.98).
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that daily hours of sleep and obesity were associated with hypertension in male express bus drivers. Due to the characteristics of this job, such as long hours and lack of exercise, it can result in obesity and lack of sleep, which can in turn influence occurrences of hypertension. Therefore, consideration of lack of sleep and obesity in their workers will be helpful for the management in the prevention of hypertension.

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The Relationship between Job Stress and Dyslipidemia in Express Bus Drivers: Nam Soo Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Jin Woo Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):221-229. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.221

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To examine whether or not there is a relationship between job stress and dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 301 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors and job characteristics. Job stress was measured by the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A measure of blood lipid levels, comprised of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, was dichotomized and categorized into 'high' or 'low'. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and dyslipidemia, with blood lipid level as the dependent variable.
RESULTS
We found that high job demand was associated with high total cholesterol (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18-8.95) and high LDL-cholesterol (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.18-14.44) and lack of job control was associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.56).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that job demand and lack of job control were associated with dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers. A job stress management program that emphasizes job demand and lack of job control is needed to prevent dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.

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Stress-Related Factors in Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020)
Min Jeong Lee, Jeong Ho Shin, Jin Hoon Kang, Sung Hyun Jun
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(1): 47. CrossRef
Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef
Eating Habit and Stress Status according to Exercising Habits of Middle-Aged Adults in Chungnam
Se-Yune Kim, Yeon-Ja Seo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 43. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Health Promoting Lifestyle of Urban Bus Drivers in Small-sized Companies
Miju Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 363. CrossRef
The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers
Hee Ryang Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Ja Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 20. CrossRef

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Relationship of Shift Work to Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Korean Female Workers: Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(4):362-371. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.4.362

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We wanted to investigate the relationship of shift work to the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms of Korean female workers.
METHODS
The data was analyzed from a cross-sectional survey of 1,875 Korean female workers. Information was obtained about the shift work, the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms and the background characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for the relationship between the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms and the shift work variables, while controlling for the covariates.
RESULTS
Shift work was more common for blue-collar workers than for office workers. A higher proportion of current smokers and drinkers was observed for shift workers than for day workers. A full-time job was more popular for shift workers than for day workers, while more day workers worked over 8 hours per day than did the shift workers. The mean scores of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher for shift workers than for day workers. Shift work was associated with 0.54 more cardiovascular symptoms and with 0.38 more gastrointestinal symptoms on a multiple regression analysis (p=0.001; p=0.020, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that shift work may increase the risks for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disturbances. Therefore, preventive strategies are needed to control the negative effects of shift work in the workplace.

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The Impact of Sleep Disorder and Job Stress on Turnover Intention of Shift-Working Nurses
Eun Ok Yang, In Ryung Choi, Seong-Min Kim
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(4): 255. CrossRef
Night shift work and inflammatory markers in male workers aged 20–39 in a display manufacturing company
Seong-Woo Kim, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Wook Han, Min-Sung Kang, Young-Hyeon Nam, Yong-Jin Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Work-related Characteristics and Hypertension among White Collar Workers
Chae-Bong Kim, KyooSang Kim
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(3): 418. CrossRef
Relating Factors for Depression in Korean Working Women: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)
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Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 265. CrossRef
The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers
Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey
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The association between shift work and hyperuricemia in steelmaking male workers
Jae-Seok Oh, Won-Jun Choi, Min-Kee Lee, Sung-Woo Han, Seung-Ho Song, Jong-Wan Yun, Sang-Hwan Han
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Relationship of Shift Work to Gastrointestinal Disorders in Hospital Nurses
Eun-Ju Kim, Hye-Sun Jung, Eun-hi Choi
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2014; 14(4): 172. CrossRef
Effect of Nutrition Education on Improving Dietary Attitudes, Food Habits and Food Frequency - Female in Twenties Shift Work in Gyeonggi Area
Seung-Lim Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 55. CrossRef
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops - Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul -
Seung-Lim Lee, Soo-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 467. CrossRef
Effect of Environmental Intervention on Sleep, Emotions and Job Satisfaction of Rotating Shift Nurses in Intensive Care Unit
Hee-Ja Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(1): 11. CrossRef
Health Status and Affecting Factors related to Job among Korean Women Employees
Eun-Young Hong, Sang-Dol Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4107. CrossRef

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Health Evaluation of ex-workers occupationally exposed to Carbon disulfide: Subjective Symptoms and Related Factors according to compensation for CS2 poisoning: Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Hyun Rim Choi, Gil Seong Yang, Ho Kim, Shang Hyuk Yim, Yun Geun Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):150-161. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.150

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the chronological subjective symptoms and related factors in ex-workers who were occupationally exposed to Carbon disulfide.
METHODS
One hundred and seventy-seven subjects (147 males and 30 females) were randomly selected among ex-workers and interviewed by well trained doctors, who filled out a structured questionnaire developed by authors on the subjective symptoms. The questionnaire was composed of symptoms in the head and neck, and those of the neuro-psychological, respiratory, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems. Other factors such as general and occupational characteristics including work department, work duration, duration since cessation of exposure, and compensation for occupational disease were also investigated.
RESULTS
The mean subject age was 55.4 years. The mean cumulative exposure index (CEI) was 38.96 +/- 31.18. CEI was significantly higher in the compensated group (47.61 +/- 32.51) than in the non-compensated group (26.81 +/- 24.75)(p=0.000). Symptom complaints were significantly higher in the compensated group in all organ systems, and their incidence increased gradually until 10 years after cessation of work, and then decreased. The mean duration for cessation of exposure at the time of compensation was 10.97 years. The significantly different factors between the compensated group and the non-compensated group were total cumulative exposure index and the time interval between the cessation of work and the time of compensation.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that total cumulative exposure index and the time interval between the cessation of work and the time of compensation may be important factors affecting the compensation for occupational disease. Therefore, further studies will be necessary.

Citations

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Health Behavior and Health Condition of Patients Exposed to Carbon Disulfide according to Exposure Level
Hyun Joe
Soonchunhyang Medical Science.2020; 26(2): 53. CrossRef
Recognition and Using Status of Carbon Disulfide (CS2) as Fumigant for Controlling Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis among Chestnut Farmers
Moo-Sik Lee, Eun-Young Kim, Jae-Lim Lee, Gi-Yeon Sohn
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2016; 41(2): 63. CrossRef

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Cerebrovascular, and Other Health Effects, Due to the Exposure of Ex-Workers to Carbon Disulfide in the Maunfacture of Rayon: Joo Ja Kim, Kyung Jae Lee, Hyun Sook Hong, Dae Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):72-83. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.72

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cerebrovascular and other related health effcets, due to the exposure of ex-workers to carbon disulfide in the manufacture of rayon.
METHODS
The study subjects comprised of 453 workers from the rayon manufacturing industry (387 males, 66 females). They were examined with a brain MRI and for other risk factors related to their occupation, such as age, work department, work duration, duration of work cessation, and blood pressure. Laboratory tests were also performed such as blood sugar, hemoglobin, cholesterol, etc. The cumulative exposure levels were calculated as the mean exposure level, per work department, multiplied by the total work duration in months.
RESULTS
75.1% of the subjects were between the ages of 40 and 59 years. 76.0% of the subjects had worked in high exposure departments (e.g., department of spinning and refining etc). 52.5% of the subjects had worked for more than 10 years, and 63.3% of the subjects had ginven up the work (exposure) more than 10 years earlier. The brain MRI findings were normal, a single lacunar infarct, multiple lacunar infarcts (mostly, on subcortex and white matter), and a hemorrhage in 52.5, 8.6, 36.2 and 2.7% respectively. Multiple lacunar infarcts were not related to the cumulative exposure level but in the female workers only, were significantly related to the increasing level of work duration (p<0.05), and in the male workers only, were related to the increased duration of work cessation and age (p<0.01). Abnormal rates of laboratory tests were higher in the multiple lacunar infarcts subjects with hypertension compared to theose with normal brain MRI findings (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The multiple lacunar infarcts of the brain seemed not to be related to the cumulative exposure level but to the low exposure departments, duration of work, duration of work cessation, age and hypertension. This was conducted as a health evaluation on workers from the rayon manufacturing industry who had terminated their exposure to carbon disulfide many years earlier.

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Effects of Stem Cell and Myeloperoxidase on Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Micronuclei Induction of Peripheral Lymphocytes by Styrene, Hydroquinone and Trichloroethylene: Kyung Jae Lee, Hyoung Ah Kim, Min Jung Shin, Jae Hyug Sung, Chung Yill Park, Hoon Han, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):315-324. Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.315

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to identify the possible role of stem cell and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone and trichloroethylene, by investigating the effects of stem cell from umbilical cord blood and MPO on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) induction in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to these chemicals.
METHODS
Isolated lymphocytes from whole blood were cultured for 72 hours. The cells were treated with 1.50 mM styrene, 50 microM hydroquinone and 1.50 mM trichloroethylene dissolved with acetone (30 microl in total volume) at 24 hours after the beginning of culture. Control group was treated with acetone only. Immediately after adding these chemicals, 1.3X1 06 cells/ml and 2.6X1 06 cells/ml stem cell or 1.0 and 2.0 unit MPO with H2O2 (for substrate) were added to the cultures. Slides were stained with Giemsa's solution, and acridine orange for sister chromatid exchange, and for micronucleus analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
The results were as follows: 1) Myeloperoxidase and stem cell did not significantly affect the frequencies of SCE or MN in the control group. 2) The frequency of SCE or MN with exposure to styrene did not different from control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induced by styrene was significantly increased by adding stem cell or MPO in dose-dependent relationship. The frequency of MN induced by styrene significantly increased in the presence of 2.0 unit MPO. 3) The frequency of SCE was significantly increased with exposure to hydroquinone than acetone treated control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induction by hydroquinone significantly increased dose-dependently in the presence of stem cell or MPO. There was a tendency of increase of the MN frequency induced by hydroquinone in the presence of stem cell or MPO, but not significant. 4) It was found that trichloroethylene itself did not increase SCE or MN frequency. Frequency of SCE induced by trichloroethylene was significantly increased with adding stem cell (low and high) and 2.0 unit MPO. Even though stem cell or MPO increased the frequency of MN of lymphocyte exposed to trichloroethylene, the difference was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors found that the frequencies of both sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus induced by styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene were increased significantly with the treatment of stem cell or myeloperoxidase. It was suggested that myeloperoxidase may therefore play an important role in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene and myeloperoxidase probably be involved in the myelotoxicity of these chemicals.

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Performances of the WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery among Mal Workers Occupationally Non-exposed to Neurotoxic Agents: Se Hoon Lee, Hyoung Ah Kim, Won Chul Lee, Seong Sil Chang, Kyung Jae Lee, Chung Yill Park, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):139-151. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.139

Abstract PDF: Five items among neurobehavioral core test battery of World Health Organization, including Santa Ana dexterity, pursuit aiming, digit symbol, simple reaction time, and Benton visual retention, were administered to the workers occupationally non-exposed to neurotoxic agents by operational guide for the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Subjects were volunteers from the industrial workers (117) and clerks (40). Detailed occupational history such as exposed agents including noise or vibration, educational level, residence, smoking and drinking habit were recorded. Most of the neurobehavioral tests were correlated with age and educational level. Smoking was correlated with pursuit aiming and digit symbol. Vibration affected pursuit aiming. Job type (industrial workers vs. clerks) and noise exposure did not affected among tested items. Multiple regression analysis was done for establishing predict equation to estimate normal ranges of the tests for male workers. Age was shown to be main independent variable affected for all tests except wrong dot of pursuit aiming. Educational level was also shown to affected most of the tests except Santa ana dexterity and wrong dot of pursuit aiming. Alcohol consumption affected Santa Ana dexterity, non-preferred hand, and smoking affected only wrong dot of pursuit aiming after multiple regression analysis.

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