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Jung Won Kim 17 Articles
The effect of earplug training on noise protection
Jung Won Kim, Seonhee Yang, Insung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e34.   Published online November 12, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e34
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Noise-induced hearing loss is an occupational disease, and workplace noise exposure is a major hazard in Korea. Although hearing protectors effectively reduce a worker's exposure to noise, their success is compromised by the wearer's inability to fit the protectors correctly, and there are no proper training methods for using hearing protectors in small-scale industries. This study aims to evaluate the effect of earplug training on hearing protection using field microphone-in-real-ear (F-MIRE) and prevent noise-induced hearing loss.

Methods

The study population comprised 172 noise-exposed manufacturing workers who visited occupational health facilities in Daegu, South Korea, between July 2014 and September 2017. Personal attenuation ratings (PARs) were calculated with F-MIRE. Paired t-tests were used to compare the differences in PAR (dB) before and after training, and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to compare the differences in PAR according to the number of trainings.

Results

Mean PARs increased after the first and second training, and the differences were statistically significant. Among the 30 participants who received all 4 trainings, PARs were significantly higher after each training than before the training. As the number of training increased, the differences in PARs significantly increased. When comparing pretraining PARs for each training session, we found statistically significant differences between the first and second training and between the second and third training, but not between the third and fourth training.

Conclusion

In this study, the short- and long-term effects of earplug training were statistically significant. In particular, the PAR before and after the fourth training showed the greatest increase, and the PARs continued to increase during each training.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Hearing protection field attenuation estimation systems and associated training for reducing workers’ exposure to noise
    Thais C Morata, Wei Gong, Christina Tikka, Alessandra G Samelli, Jos H Verbeek
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Earplugs in Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in an Auto Parts Factory in China
    Wei Gong, Liangliang Zhao, Ling Li, Thais C. Morata, Wei Qiu, Huiling Amy Feng, Baoli Zhu
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(13): 7190.     CrossRef
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A Study Regarding the Work Fitness of a Manufacturing Worker Suffering from a Stroke and Muscle Weakness
Eun Kwang Ryu, Jae Seung Yong, Jung Won Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):294-303.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.294
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Occupational health and safety guidelines have the goals of protecting workers, helping them to adapt to their working environment, and to promote their health and ability. In the work fitness evaluations done by occupational medicine doctors, one of their subjective duties is to assess a worker's working ability so as not to affect the health of the worker or his/her co-workers. A worker's functional capacity and reasonable accommodations should be considered. We studied a case regarding cerebral hemorrhage and muscle weakness after renal disease.
CASE
This patient was a male who worked at a tobacco company. He suffered from acute renal failure in 2003. In 2004, during his treatment, a convulsion-seizure occurred. This patient had non-specific findings in family history, blood studies, urinary analysis, mental status examination, and showed no signs of depression. There was a decrease in muscle power found during a physical examination. As a result, an occupational and environmental doctor and an industrial hygienist went to the worker's company in order to analyze the workers tasks. They concluded that there were some problems regarding the worker' s daily activities. When considering reasonable accommodation it was determined that such cases could work in the qualify control department instead of current job, assembly department.
CONCLUSIONS
Throughout this case, we considered the work compatibility of the various complications arising from a cerebral hemorrhage and convulsion-seizure disease which occurred to a factory worker who suffered from acute renal failure. We recommend it essential to create work compatibility guidelines regarding this case presentations, ensuring consistency to the efforts made by health care workers and physicians.

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An Occupational Erythema Multifome Case of a Worker Exposed to Dichlone and 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine in a Dye Manufacturing Process
Jae Seung Yong, Jung Won Kim, Eun A Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):311-318.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.311
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
In Korea, the only case of occupational erythema multiforme was found to be due to Bolivian rosewood, but there has been no case due to occupational chemicals in the manufacturing industry. Here, we report a case of erythema multiforme caused by dichlone and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(DCB) in a dye worker.
CASE
REPORT: We report a 43-year-old male worker manifesting erythema multiforme-like skin lesions during the DCB synthesis, The patient's dermatitis was relieved when he avoided the process, and it became aggravated when he restarted his work. Patch and prick tests confirmed positive irritant reactions to two chemicals.
CONCLUSION
This case was diagnosed as erythema multiforme based on clinical manifestations. Symptoms worsened upon exposure to chemicals while avoiding exposure improved symptoms. Skin test results showed that dichlone and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine induced irritant reactions. We assume that erythema multiforme occurring in workers is an occupational skin disease likely caused by dichlone and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine.

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A Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Worker Treating Pesticide Wastes
Soon Choy, Jung Won Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):480-487.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.480
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease involving the motor neuron of the cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord. It has been suggested that various occupational or environmental agents could be a cause of ALS. We report upon a case of a person contracting ALS who experienced a long-time exposure to pesticides, implying that pesticides are probable causal agents of ALS.
CASE REPORTS
The patient has been experiencing shoulder pain and limitation of movement that started abruptly about three years ago. Over time, these symptoms have become aggravated despite ongoing therapies including medication. After two years, he was diagnosed with ALS through electromyography, nerve conduction velocity and many laboratory tests at a university hospital in Seoul. His social and medical history was non-specific. The patient had worked for about 15 years at a waste disposal site and mainly destroyed glass bottles containing pesticides. During this period, his respiratory tract and skin were exposed to various raw pesticides without appropriate personal protective equipment. He did this job one or two times a week and worked for two or more hours without a break. Through an investigation into the patient's working environment, significant levels of dichlorvos, one of the organophosphates, were detected.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results revealed that the patient was exposed to considerable doses of pesticides as opposed to men spraying pesticides. Although controversial, pesticide exposures have been associated with ALS. However, we suggest that in this case the possibility that these pesticide exposures acted as a causal agent for the diagnosed ALS based on plausible biological mechanisms and epidemiologic data.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Agricultural Environments: A Systematic Review
    Hyun Kang, Eun Shil Cha, Geun Joo Choi, Won Jin Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(12): 1610.     CrossRef
  • Pesticides and human chronic diseases: Evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives
    Sara Mostafalou, Mohammad Abdollahi
    Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2013; 268(2): 157.     CrossRef
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Influences of Job Stressors on Psychosocial Well-being, Fatigue and Sleep Sufficiency among Firefighters
Kun Hyung Kim, Jung Won Kim, Sung Hoon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):232-245.   Published online September 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.232
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To measure the job stressors and stress responses among firefighters.
METHODS
We created a structured, self-reported questionnaire about job stressors using Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), psychosocial stress using Psychosocial Well-being Index, Short Form(PWI-SF) and fatigue using Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). The questionnaire also included sociodemographic data, job-related factors, and health-related behaviors. We collected questionnaires from 104 male firefighters, 35 male emergency medical service (EMS) rescuers and 28 male administrators in three different municipal fire departments in Busan from September 23 to October 2, 2003. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to examine the job stressors using SPSS (10.0). The statistical significance level was 0.05.
RESULTS
Both PWI-SF and MFS scores increased in the order of EMS rescuers, firefighters and administrators. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, sleep insufficiency showed statistically significant effects on both PWI-SF (OR=5.19, 95% CI=2.14~12.57) and MFS (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.02~4.46). Alcohol drinking (OR=0.28, 95% CI=0.10~0.75) had a protective effect on MFS. The odds ratios in job loss and shiftwork were 3.44 (95% CI=1.25~9.42) and 8.69 (95% CI=2.87~26.36) on MFS. Monthly income showed a statistically significant effect on both MFS (OR=5.09, 95% CI=1.34~19.41) and sleep sufficiency (OR=7.27, 95% CI=1.62~32.61). However, there was no statistical significance among the JCQ items on either PWI-SF or MFS.
CONCLUSIONS
Firefighters in this study had potential psychosocial stress and moderate level of fatigue scale. As a causal factor for these outcomes, sleep insufficiency and job loss, lower monthly income and shiftwork were statistically significantly, which confirm the need for countermeasures to ensure optimal sleep time and to raise monthly income. Further follow-up study using more in-depth interview is also required to identify the effects of both alcohol consumption and job loss.

Citations

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  • Firefighters’ medical use and Korean Medicine experience in Korea: A qualitative study protocol
    Jisu Ha, Inae Youn, Yuri Han, Jinwon Kim, Sunjoong Kim, Hanbit Jin, Jung Won Kang, Jungtae Leem, Johanna Pruller
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0300532.     CrossRef
  • Fatigue sensitivity and mental health among trauma-exposed firefighters
    Brooke Kauffman, Kara Manning, Michael J. Zvolensky, Anka A. Vujanovic
    Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior.2022; 10(3): 146.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Stress and Burnout in the Fire Service: Examining the Complex Role and Impact of Sleep Health
    Mari-Amanda A. Dyal, Todd D. Smith, David M. DeJoy, Brian A. Moore
    Behavior Modification.2022; 46(2): 374.     CrossRef
  • Sleep and neighborhood socioeconomic status: a micro longitudinal study of chronic low-back pain and pain-free individuals
    Deanna D. Rumble, Katherine O’Neal, Demario S. Overstreet, Terence M. Penn, Pamela Jackson, Edwin N. Aroke, Andrew M. Sims, Annabel L. King, Fariha N. Hasan, Tammie L. Quinn, D. Leann Long, Robert E. Sorge, Burel R. Goodin
    Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2021; 44(6): 811.     CrossRef
  • Posture-related musculoskeletal problems among hotel receptionists in Mumbai: A cross-sectional study
    ManjitKaur Chauhan, Ankita Sondhi
    Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020; 24(3): 157.     CrossRef
  • Mental health and quality of life in firefighters working on the scene in South Korea: Focus on the capital area and growth promotion area
    Woo‐Hyuk Jang, Da‐Som Kim, Hye‐Won Park, Ji‐Hoon Kim
    Brain and Behavior.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study
    MyeongSeob Lim, Solam Lee, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, Ji-Su Shin, Sung-Kyung Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Yeon-Soon Ahn
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Training Program on the Fitness and Performance of Firefighters
    Cherho Kim, Changjin Ji, Sangho Kim
    Fire Science and Engineering.2020; 34(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • Psychological Factors Influence the Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Their Effect on Quality of Life among Firefighters in South Korea
    Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
    Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Psychological factors influence the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and their effect on quality of life among firefighters in South Korea
    Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
    International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2016; 22(4): 315.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Alternate Methods to Medication in Lowering the Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive Patients
    Hyun-Ju Moon, Sung-Hak Cho
    The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2016; 28(3): 201.     CrossRef
  • Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
    Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Different Noise Types on Heart Rate Variability in Men
    Chang Sun Sim, Joo Hyun Sung, Sang Hyeon Cheon, Jang Myung Lee, Jae Won Lee, Jiho Lee
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2015; 56(1): 235.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for fatigue and stress among Korean police officers
    Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jae-Ouk Ahn
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2015; 27(5): 1401.     CrossRef
  • Job Stress, Coping Type, and Job Satisfaction in Firefighters
    Hyun Kim
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 323.     CrossRef
  • Statistical analysis of the emotional labor of firefighters using smart devices
    Ji-Hun Shin, Bu-Yeon Park, Jae-Hong Lee, Sul-Kung Song
    The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2015; 10(11): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Sleep Quality among Middle-aged Male Workers
    Eliza Lee, Keum Jae Lee
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(4): 235.     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors on Health Promotion Behavior of Fire Officers
    Ja-Ok Kim, Ja-Sook Kim, A-Yong Park, Su-Jeong Han
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2013; 22(3): 218.     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms Among Nurses in a University Hospital
    Soon-Young Kim, In-Sun Kwon, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(4): 1759.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Perception of Job Stress and Stress Coping Style on Mental Health of Firefighters
    Ho Jin Lee, Hee Sook Kim, Sang Yeon Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 315.     CrossRef
  • Health Hazards in Firefighters
    Kyoo Sang Kim
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 296.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Health and Fitness for Work of Firefighters
    Inah Kim, Jaechul Sung
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1078.     CrossRef
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Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Symptoms of Municipal Fire Officers in Busan.
Sung Hoon Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Byung Chul Son, Jeong Ho Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Sang Hwan Jang, Chae Kwan Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):103-111.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.103
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between respiratory disorders and fire exposure by investigating and analyzing the lung function and respiratory symptoms of firefighters.
METHODS
The health effects of firefighting on respiratory function were investigated in 699 male fire officers in 4 fire departments in Busan by recording respiratory symptoms and measuring lung function. The data were analysed according to fire exposure and smoking habits.
RESULTS
Mean spirometric data showed significantly decreased levels in the fire-exposed group (FVC, -0.20 L; FVC%, -4.2%; FEV(1) -0.21 L; FEV(1)%, -5.1%; FEF25%, -0.13 L/SEE p<0.05). After stratification by smoking habits, FVC and FEV(1) showed a significant difference between groups. The prevalence of spirometric abnormality was greater for the fire-exposed group than for the non-exposed group. Significantly higher prevalences of nasal stiffness (16.7% vs. 10.9%), sore throat (17.7% vs.14.2%) and chest tightness (6.5% vs. 2.5%) were recorded in firefighters compared to controls (p<0.05). However, after stratification by smoking habits, the 3 symptoms were showed only marginal differences in the smoking group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that fire-exposed firefighters generally suffer a decline of lung function and a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. These results suggest that the exposure to routine firefighting activity is associated with adverse health effects to the respiratory system.

Citations

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  • A Study on the Relationship between Firefighters Disease and Health Status
    Ho-Jung Kang, Sung-Ho Byun, Chul-Hwan Mun, Yu-Jung Choi, Jae-Wook Choi
    Fire Science and Engineering.2020; 34(5): 86.     CrossRef
  • Related factors for preserving firefighter's pulmonary function
    Seonggyu Kim, Ye-eun Jeon, Hyeseung Ryu, Mi-Young Lee, Insung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Environmental Air Pollution on Pulmonary Function Level of Residents in Korean Industrial Complexes
    Eunju Hong, Seokwon Lee, Geun-Bae Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hyoung-Wook Kim, Kyoungho Lee, Bu-Soon Son
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(5): 834.     CrossRef
  • Psychological Factors Influence the Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Their Effect on Quality of Life among Firefighters in South Korea
    Seung-Ho Jang, Han-Seung Ryu, Suck-Chei Choi, Sang-Yeol Lee
    Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure and its Pulmonary Function Effects
    Yong-Jin Lee, Da-Hye Kim, Soo-Hwan Kim, Jeong-Soo Kim, Dong-Chun Shin, Young-Wook Lim
    Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment.2016; 32(5): 457.     CrossRef
  • Muscuoloskeletal Disorders of Korean Fire Fighters: Applicants for Public Worker's Compensation from 2011 to 2013
    Jangwhon Yoon
    Fire Science and Engineering.2016; 30(3): 133.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, Awareness and Health Risk Concerns on Occupational Exposure to Radiation among Firefighters in Korea
    Hyeongyeong Lee, Hyeongwan Yoon, Jeongim Park
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 516.     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea
    Ju-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hong Shin, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An Ergonomic Analysis for Heavy Manual Material Handling Jobs by Fire Fighters
    Su-Jung Im, Jong-Tae Park, Seo-Yeon Choi, Dong-Hyun Park
    Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering.2013; 27(3): 85.     CrossRef
  • Health Hazards in Firefighters
    Kyoo Sang Kim
    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 296.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Health and Fitness for Work of Firefighters
    Inah Kim, Jaechul Sung
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1078.     CrossRef
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Epidemiologic Characteristics of Occupational Lung Cancer in the Busan area
Jung Il Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Dongmug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chang Hoon Lee, Hyun Jae Lee, Jin Uk Kang, Jin Kun Son, Jin Kon Sul, Young Ki Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):53-58.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of occupational lung cancer in the Busan area.
METHODS
Occupational physicians of four university hospitals operating an occupational disease surveillance system in the Busan area actively interviewed all of the newly diagnosed, lung cancer cases about their characteristics and occupational histories through a survey questionnaire and chart review. To evaluate and agree on the work-relativity, the cases were presented in periodic meetings.
RESULTS
A total of 301 lung cancer cases were interviewed, of which 50 (16.6%, all male, 27 probable and 23 possible) were related to occupational exposure. The exposure materials were asbestos, Cr, PAH etc. Pathologic findings included squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of occupational lung cancer cases above the probable level was 9% and above the possible level was 17%. To develop the public health policy and to prevent further cancer death, the meaningful data from occupational cancer surveillance systems should be collected continuously for ongoing monitoring.

Citations

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  • Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
    Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tae-Woo Kim, Dong-Hee Koh, Chung-Yill Park
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 140.     CrossRef
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Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees
Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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Gene Expression Analysis in Basal Ganglia of Manganese-Exposed Rat Based on cDNA Array
Chae Kwan Lee, Noh Sung Min, Deog Hwan Moon, Jeong Ho Kim, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):352-364.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.352
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis.
METHODS
For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg B.W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ml) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reversetranscribed in the presence of [alpha32P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array II and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression.
RESULTS
Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twentyeight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose (0.2 mg/kg B.W./day).
CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

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Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

Citations

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  • Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers
    Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
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Effects of Cadmium on Placental Function and Reproduction in Rats
Jin Hong Ahn, Kwang Soo Ko, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Ho Chun, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):236-249.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.236
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on placental function and reproduction in rats. For this study, the mRNA levels of the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) gene family, placental trophoblast cell frequemcy and reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
Pregnant F344 Fisher rats (200 g+/-23 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of cadmium (CdCl2) dissolved in saline from days 7-11 or 16-20 of pregnancy, and were sacrificed at days 11 or 20, respectively. The mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hormone concentration was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and the frequemcy of the placental trophoblast cells was observed by histochemical study. Reproductive data were surveyed at day 20 of the pregnancy and after the births. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH gene family were reduced dose dependently by cadmium. The mRNA levels of Pit-1a and -b isotype genes were also reduced by cadmium. The hormone concentration of PL-Iv and -II was decreased by cadmium. During the second half of pregnancy (days 11-21), a high dose of cadmium exposure significantly reduced the frequency of spongiotrophoblast and trophoblast giant cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. In the last stage of pregnancy (day 20), a high dose of cadmium exposure induced the apoptosis of spon-giotrophoblast cells in the junctional zone of the placenta. Reproductive data such as placental and infant weight, number of live fetuses were decreased, and number of resorptions and dead fetuses, post-implantation loss were increased significantly in the cadmium exposed group compared with the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Cadmium disrupts the functions of the placenta and these effects leads to reproductive disorders in rats.

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Effects of Toluene on the Expression of Placental PRL-GH Family Genes and Reproduction in the Rat
Byong Soo Choe, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):262-275.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.262
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the toxic effects of toluene on the placental functions and reproductionin the rat. In this study, the expression of placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) and Pit-1 genes, the frequency of placental trophoblast cells, and the reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
The pregnancy of the Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) was determined by verifying the presence of the copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear and the day on which this was observed was defined as pregnancy day 0. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups. The control group was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with sesame oil, and the other two groups were given either 150 or 750 mg/kg BW/day of toluene resuspended in sesame oil during pregnancy days 7-11 and 16-20. The rats from the three experimental groups were sacrificed on pregnancy days 11 and 20, respectively. The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH, Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The hormonal concentration was analyzed by Radioimmunoassay. The frequency of the placental trophoblast cells was determined by means of a histochemical study. Reproductive data, such as the placenta and infnat weight, pregnancy period and litter size were surveyed at pregnancy day 20 and after birth. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH family genes were reduced in a linear fashion by exposure to toluene. The mRNA levels of the Pit-1a and b isotype genes, which induce the expression of the PRL-GH family genes, were also reduced by exposure to toluene. The placental lactogen Iv and II concentrations in the rat placenta, fetus and maternal blood were also decreased by exposure to toluene. During the last stage of gestation, exposure to a high dose of toluene reduced the frequency of the spongiotrophoblast cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. Reproductive data such as the placenta and infant weight, and litter size were reduced, and the pregnancy period was extended in the toluene exposed group as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Toluene disrupts the PRL-GH hormone metabolism in the rat placenta and this leads to reproductive disorder.

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Occupational disease surveillance system in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam area
Jung Il Kim, Byung Gwan Kim, Jung Won Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Cheol Ho Yi, Dongmug Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Young Wook Kim, Young Ha Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Younghee Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Hyung Ryul Yun, Cheol In Yoo, Baek Geun Jeong, Tae Won Jang, Yun Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yun, Jin Uk Kang, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Dong Joon Lee, Joon Ho Jang, Kwang Young Lee, Hyu Ran Song, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Man Cho, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Yu Jin Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Kap Yeol Jung, Jung Man Kim, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):1-12.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases METHODS: 11 hospitals participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Between Apri1 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. Most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7 %) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9 %). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6 %) and 4 (12.1 %) cases of occupational asthma, the agents included isocyanate and welding fume, respectively. 64.7 % of the cases of occupational skin diseases were contact dermatitis, and organic solvents and welding fume were the main agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10 (58.8 %) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (29.4 %) as adenoma.
CONCLUSION
This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

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  • Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46.     CrossRef
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Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Ship-yard Workers
Jong Eun Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Yong Chul Shin, Mi A Son, Jung Won Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Young Ki Kim, Deog Hwan Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):401-410.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.401
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTS: This study was conducted to prepare the primitive data of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among ship-yard workers in order to set up management and prevention strategies by investigating the risk factors for WMSD symptoms.
METHODS
We carried out a self-administered questionnaire survey of 7,237 blue-collar workers during October 2001, in a ship-yard of Kyungsangnam Province. We collected 2,223 questionnaires and analysed 1,985. The questionnaires included demographic data, quick exposure check (QEC) for ergonomic risk factors, and Karasek's job content questionnaires (JCQ) for job stress. WMSDs were evaluated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were age, maximum weight of manual handling material, frequency of the back movement during manual handling tasks, deviation or bending of the wrists/hands position, excessively bent or twisted head/neck, job dissatisfaction, and high job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of ship-yard workers, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of back movement during manual handling tasks, wrists/hand deviation or bending, and neck bending or twisting. In addition, devoted effort is needed to increase job satisfaction and to reduce job demand.

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    Sang Ye Shin, Eun Suk Lee
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 22.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627.     CrossRef
  • The Study of Muscle Fatigue and Risks of Musculoskeletal System Disorders from Text Inputting on a Smartphone
    Kyung Ko, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hea Woo
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(3): 273.     CrossRef
  • Medical Managements of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Shipbuilding Industry
    Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 157.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
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    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025.     CrossRef
  • Development and Evaluation of the Neck Supporter for Preventing Neck-related MSDs
    Yong-Ku Kong, Jun-Goo Han
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(2): 297.     CrossRef
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A Case of Lung Injury due to Acute Exposure to Oxides of Nitrogen
Jeong Ho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chang Hee Lee, Jung Won Kim, Doeg Hwan Moon, Chae Un Lee, Joo In Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):302-309.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.302
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Lung injuries due to exposure to nitrogen oxides can occur in various process in industry. We experienced a case of chemical pneumonitis induced by accidental inhalation of nitrogen oxides emitted from the bath in an acid dipping operation.
CASE
Dyspnea, cough and blood-tinged sputum production, cyanosis, and tachypnea occurred after exposure to oxides of nitrogen. There were bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities in simple chest radiography and high resolutional computed tomography, hypoxemia in arterial blood gas analysis, mixed ventilation defect and reduced diffusion capacity in spirometry. As an oxygen and supportive therapy, after hospitalization, was given, the patient recovered completely from the lung injury on the 8th day after admission. There was no evidence of delayed onset of bronchiolitis obliterance or pulmonary edema in a follow-up for about 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Acid dip operation require more efficient hooding and exhausting system for the prevention of lung injuries caused by inhalation of nitrogen oxides. Also health education for worker need.

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A Case of Work-Related Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Due To Repetitive Motions
Jung Won Kim, Insun Park, Youngjoon Lee, Yu Chang Kim, Pilja Kim, Dongmug Kang, Chae Un Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):310-318.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.310
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To report cubital tunnel syndrome due to repetitive motions.
METHODS
A worker complaining muscle weakness and atrophy of the right hand intrinsic muscles admitted to a hospital. We evaluated him with blood tests, neurophysiologic studies (NCV & EMG), plain X-ray and US at the both elbows. We investigated his occupational history, and videotaped his work motions based on the work cycle at his previous work site. Finally, an ergonomics expert analyzed the motions using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA).
RESULTS
NCV & EMG studies reveals slow conduction velocity on both ulnar nerve across the elbow, more severely in the right side. US shows us compatible finding with diffuse neuritis of both ulnar nerves at both elbows. RULA score is 7.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed that the workers symptoms were related to his previous jobs demanding repetitive motions using the elbow joints. It is necessary that we should prepare appropriate measures to evaluate, prevent, rehabilitate, and help injured workers to return to work.

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A Case of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Combined with Asbestosis in a Boilermaker and Plumber
Dong Mug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Byung Chul Son, Joo In Kim, Jae Chul Woo, Jong Tae Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):610-617.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.610
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diffuse mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum are considered "signal tumors" of asbestos exposure. Although asbestos use in Korea started before the national liberation, it rose abruptly with economic development in 1970's. Considering latent period of mesotheliomas as twenty years, occupational mesothelioma cases would increase rapidly. In Korea construction is a major industry which use asbestos. Because workers in construction industry are mostly composed of daily based workers, it is hard to calculate the number of workers involving asbestos related work, to manage them with organized method, to educate them about adverse effects of asbestos and protection methods, to check health status of them periodically, and to follow them up. Although a case of occupational mesothelioma which was found in a asbestos textile worker have been reported, no case related with construction workers have been reported so far in Korea. The authors experienced occupational malignant pleural mesothelioma combined with asbestosis in a boilermaker and plumber in a construction industry.

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    Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
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    Soo-Geun Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(5): 335.     CrossRef
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    Dong-Mug Kang
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2009; 35(2): 71.     CrossRef
  • Three Cases of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Misdiagnosed as Tuberculous Pleurisy
    Ki Uk Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Woo Sung Jo, Ji Seok Lee, Hye Kyung Park, Yun Seong Kim, Min Ki Lee, Hoseok I, Yeong Dae Kim, Chang Hun Lee
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2007; 62(4): 323.     CrossRef
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