Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Joo Ja Kim

13 Articles

Emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female Bank employees: a questionnaire survey using the K-ELS and K-WVS: Guang Hwi Kim, Hee Sung Lee, Sung Won Jung, Jae Gwang Lee, June Hee Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:17. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9

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Background

In modern society, the scale of the service industry is continuously expanding, and the number of service workers is increasing. Correspondingly, physical and mental problems related to emotional labor are becoming a major social problem. In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female bank employees, which is a typical service industry.

Methods

In this study, the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) and Korean Workplace Violence Scale (K-WVS) were distributed to 381 female workers in their 20s at a bank in Seoul, Korea. Data were obtained from 289 subjects (75.9%) and analyzed for 278 respondents, after excluding those with missing responses. We examined the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among 278 subjects, 27 workers (9.7%) had depressive symptoms. “Emotional disharmony and hurt” (OR 2.93, 95% CI = 1.17–7.36) and “Organizational surveillance and monitoring” (OR 3.18, 95% CI = 1.29–7.86) showed a significant association with depressive symptoms. For workplace violence, the “Experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers” (OR 4.07, 95% CI = 1.58–10.50) showed a significant association. When the number of high-risk emotional labor-related factors was 1 or more, 13.1% showed depressive symptoms. When the number of high-risk workplace violence-related factors was 1 or more, 14.4% had statistically significant depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

A significant result was found for depressive symptoms related to Emotional disharmony, which is a sub-topic of emotional labor, and those at high risk for “Organizational surveillance and monitoring.” For workplace violence, depressive symptoms were high for the group at high risk for the “experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers.” In this way, management of emotional disharmony, a sub-factor of emotional labor, is necessary, and improvements to traditional corporate culture that monitors emotional labor is necessary. Violence from colleagues and supervisors in the workplace must also be reduced.

IRB Approval No. SCHUH 2017–01-029. Registered 26 January 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses compared to the general population based on Propensity Score Matching: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China
Yafei Wu, Xiaoxv Yin, Shijiao Yan, Nan Jiang, Mengge Tian, Jiali Zhang, Zhenyuan Chen, Jing Wang, Chuanzhu Lv, Yanhong Gong
Journal of Affective Disorders.2022; 310: 304. CrossRef
Workplace Violence in Workers with Multi-Party Employment Arrangements: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey
Yeogyeong Yoon, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 93. CrossRef
Workplace violence influences nurses’ turnover intentions, but only when organisational support and perceived invulnerability are considered
Rebecca Jane Seymour, Sarah Jane Charles
Evidence Based Nursing.2022; 25(4): 137. CrossRef
Prevalence and Consequences of Verbal Aggression among Bank Workers: A Survey into an Italian Banking Institution
Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto, Cristina Civilotti, Nicola Magnavita
Administrative Sciences.2022; 12(3): 78. CrossRef
Relationship between workplace violence and work-related depression/anxiety, separating the types of perpetrators: a cross-sectional study using data from the fourth and fifth Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS)
Na-Rae Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Han Joo, Jae-Han Lee, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Workplace violence and turnover intentions among nurses: The moderating roles of invulnerability and organisational Support – A cross‐sectional study
Huseyin Cakal, Saeed Keshavarzi, Ali Ruhani, Golnoosh Dakhil‐Abbasi
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce?
Won Ju Hwang, Hye Kyung Yang, Ji Hye Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8019. CrossRef
Does Emotional Labor Increase the Risk of Suicidal Ideation among Firefighters?
Dae-Sung Hyun, Da-Yee Jeung, Changsoo Kim, Hye-Yoon Ryu, Sei-Jin Chang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(2): 179. CrossRef
Emotional Labor and Mental Health
Jae-Hon Lee
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2020; 59(2): 98. CrossRef
Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City
Sung Kyu Park, Han Cheol Heo, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of emotional labor on the health in the workplace: a narrative review of literature from 2013–2018
Norah Aung, Promise Tewogbola
AIMS Public Health.2019; 6(3): 268. CrossRef
Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals: The Effects of Healthcare Disturbance on the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Healthcare Workers
Nan Tang, Louise E. Thomson
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(19): 3687. CrossRef

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The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey: Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:46. Published online October 2, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0205-9

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Background

Around the globe, discrimination has emerged as a social issue requiring serious consideration. From the perspective of public health, the impact of discrimination on the health of affected individuals is a subject of great importance. On the other hand, subjective well-being is a key indicator of an individual’s physical, mental, and social health. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between Korean employed workers’ subjective health and their exposure to perceived discrimination.

Methods

The Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2014) was conducted on a representative sample of the economically active population aged 15 years or older, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. After removing inconsistent data, 32,984 employed workers were examined in this study. The data included general and occupational characteristics, perceived discrimination, and well-being. Well-being was measured through the WHO-Five index (1998 version). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and well-being.

Result

As a group, employed workers who were exposed to discrimination had a significantly higher likelihood of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were not exposed to discrimination. More specifically, the workers exposed to age discrimination had an odds ratio(OR) of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.36–1.68), workers exposed to discrimination based on educational attainment had an OR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.26–1.61), and workers exposed to discrimination based on employment type had an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.48–1.91) with respect to poor well-being.

Furthermore, workers exposed to a greater number of discriminatory incidents were also at a higher risk of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were exposed to fewer such incidents. More specifically, the workers with three exposures to discrimination had an OR of 2.60 (95% CI: 1.92–3.53), the workers with two such exposures had an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.44–1.99), and the workers with one such exposure had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20–1.45).

Conclusion

The present study found that discrimination based on age, educational attainment, or employment type put workers at a higher risk of “poor well-being,” and that the greater the exposure to discrimination, the higher the risk of poor well-being.

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Yosuke Kita, Shoko Yasuda, Claudia Gherghel
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Association Between Presenteeism/Absenteeism and Well-being Among Korean Workers
Wonjeong Jeong, Yun Kyung Kim, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Jin-Ha Yoon, Eun-Cheol Park
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(8): 574. CrossRef
The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being in Korean wage workers through the Cantril ladder Scale
Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
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Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek
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Second hand smoke exposure in workplace by job status and occupations
Hyunhee Park, Sung-il Cho, Changhun Lee
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Relationship of activities outside work to sleep and depression/anxiety disorders in Korean workers: the 4th Korean working condition survey: Sung Won Jung, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Jae Gwang Lee, June-Hee Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:51. Published online October 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0206-8

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Background

Sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders are long-standing and significant problem for mental health. Also there are already known so many negative health effect of these disorders. But there were few studies to examine the association between activities outside work and forementioned disorders. So this study aimed the association of those things by using the Republic of Korean data.

Methods

Data from 32,232 wage workers were used in the 4th Korean Working Condition Survey. General and occupational characteristics, sleep disorders, depression/anxiety disorders and activities outside work are included in questionnaire. To find the relationship between activities outside work and sleep, depression/anxiety disorders, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics.

Results

We observed that volunteer activities increased the odds ratio of both sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders(Odds ratio[OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.03–1.78 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.29–1.84, respectively). And self-development activities increase the odds ratio of sleep disorders(OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17–1.57). Gardening activities lowered the odds ratio of depression/anxiety disorders(OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94).

Conclusion

Some of activities outside work were related to sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean wage workers. Our results showed negative health effect of some kinds of activities outside work such as volunteering and self-devlopment compared to other studies that emphasized positive effect of those activities for health.

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Association Between Occupational Physicochemical Exposures and Headache/Eyestrain Symptoms Among Korean Indoor/Outdoor Construction Workers
Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(4): 437. CrossRef
The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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The association between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean workers: analysis of the third Korean Working Conditions Survey: Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:32. Published online August 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0121-4

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Background

Discrimination is a long-standing social problem, and interest in the health effects of discrimination has been increasing. Unfortunately, Korean workers experience various types and combinations of discrimination. This study aimed to examine the association between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean workers.

Methods

Data from 33,530 paid workers were extracted from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey. The data included general characteristics, occupational characteristics, perceived discrimination, and depression/anxiety disorders. To examine the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate depression/anxiety disorders as the dependent variable and perceived discrimination as the independent variable, after adjusting for relevant general and occupational characteristics.

Results

After adjusting for the relevant general and occupational characteristics, we observed that male and female workers who had experienced perceived discrimination exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of having depression/anxiety disorders. The odds ratios among male and female workers were 3.25 (95 % confidence interval: 2.45–4.32) and 4.56 (95 % confidence interval: 3.45–6.03), respectively.

Conclusions

Perceived discrimination was significantly related to depression or anxiety disorders among Korean workers. The risk of depression or anxiety was higher among female workers, compared to male workers.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8541. CrossRef
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Journal of Investigative Medicine.2020; 68(7): 1228. CrossRef
Association between workplace discrimination and depressive symptoms among firefighters in South Korea
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The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship of activities outside work to sleep and depression/anxiety disorders in Korean workers: the 4th Korean working condition survey
Sung Won Jung, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Jae Gwang Lee, Joo Ja Kim, June-Hee Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers: Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:29. Published online December 12, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0

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Background

Shift work is vital in hotel businesses as these businesses run 24 h daily regardless of holidays to accommodate customers. The number of shift workers in hotel businesses is expected to increase consistently and it is crucial to study the impact of shift work on hotel workers’ mental health. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between depression and shift work in hotel workers. It especially focuses on investigating whether there is a difference in how closely these two are related depending on shift types.

Methods

A survey was conducted with 768 hotel workers who worked at two first-class hotels in Seoul. Out of 659 respondents total (response rate of 85.8 %), 506 respondents were selected as the final research subjects, excluding 153 respondents whose responses were incomplete. The survey was composed of questionnaires related to general characteristics, work-related characteristics, shift work, shift type, and depression level. The Korean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the subjects’ depression level. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with depression as a dependent variable and shift type as an independent variable after relevant general and work-related characteristics were adjusted to examine the relationship between shift type and depression.

Results

After adjustment for relevant general and work-related characteristics, hotel workers had a significantly higher likelihood of belonging to the depression group than those with a fixed day shift, across all three shift types: rotating day shift (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.05–4.61), rotating night shift (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.11–6.24), and fixed night shift (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI = 1.02–11.74).

Conclusions

The results showed that shift work was significantly related to depression in hotel workers and the risk of depression clearly differed among shift types. In particular, fixed night shift workers were most vulnerable to depression. Rotating day shift workers without night work could also have a higher risk of depression.

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Fatigue and related factors among hotel workers: the effects of emotional labor and non-standard working hours: Ju Jong Lee, Hyun Jey Moon, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:51. Published online December 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0051-y

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Objectives

This study assessed fatigue and its association with emotional labor and non-standard working hours among hotel workers.

Methods

A structured self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1,320 employees of five hotels located in Seoul. The questionnaire survey included questions concerning the participants’ sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job-related factors, emotional labor, and fatigue. Fatigue was assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine the associations between fatigue and emotional labor.

Results

Among male workers, there was a significant association between fatigue and both emotional disharmony (OR=5.52, 95% CI=2.35-12.97) and emotional effort (OR=3.48, 95% CI=1.54-7.86). These same associations were seen among the female workers (emotional disharmony: OR=6.91, 95% CI=2.93-16.33; emotional effort: OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.00-5.16).

Conclusion

These results indicate that fatigue is associated with emotional labor and, especially, emotional disharmony among hotel workers. Therefore, emotional disharmony management would prove helpful for the prevention of fatigue.

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The Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Work-related Risk Factors in Hotel Workers: Jin Woo Lee, Ju Jong Lee, Hyeon Je Mun, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:20-20. Published online October 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-20

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Objectives

To identify work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and any associated work-related risk factors, focusing on structural labor factors among hotel workers.

Methods

A total of 1,016 hotel workers (620 men and 396 women) were analyzed. The questionnaire surveyed participants’ socio-demographics, health-related behaviors, job-related factors, and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. All analyses were stratified by gender, and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine associations between work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related risk factors.

Results

The risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was 1.9 times higher among male workers in the kitchen department than males in the room department (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03-3.79), and 2.5 times higher among male workers with lower sleep satisfaction than those with higher sleep satisfaction (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.57-4.04). All of the aforementioned cases demonstrated a statistically significant association with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Moreover, the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was 3.3 times higher among female workers aged between 30 and 34 than those aged 24 or younger (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.56-7.04); 0.3 times higher among females in the back office department than those in the room department (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.12-0.91); 1.6 times higher among females on shift schedules than those who were not (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.02-2.59); 1.8 times higher among females who performed more intensive work than those who performed less intensive work (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.17-3.02), and; 2.1 times higher among females with lower sleep satisfaction than those with higher sleep satisfaction (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.34-3.50). All of the aforementioned cases also displayed a statistically significant association with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Conclusion

This study focused on structural risk factors in the working environment, such as the gender-based division of labor, shift work and labor intensity, that demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of hotel workers. Both men and women reported different prevalence rates of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among different departments. This could indicate that a gender-based division of labor produces different ergonomic risk factors for each gender group. However, only females displayed a statistically significant correlation between shift work and labor intensity and musculoskeletal symptoms. Thus, minimizing ergonomic risk factors alone does not suffice to effectively prevent musculoskeletal diseases among hotel workers. Instead, work assignments should be based on gender, department, working hours and work intensity should be adjusted to address multi-dimensional musculoskeletal risk factors. In addition, an approach that seeks to minimize shift work is needed to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders.

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The Association Between Hypertension and Lifestyle in Express Bus Drivers: Jin Woo Lee, Nam Soo Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):270-278. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.270

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To examine whether or not there is an association between blood pressure and lifestyle habits in male express bus drivers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 249 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, daily hours of sleep, work duration and weekly working hours. The subjects' BMI (Body Mass Index) was classified using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for obesity in Asians, and their blood pressure was classified according to the JNC (Joint National Committee) 7 classification. Multiple cases of logistic regression modeling were used to determine associations between hypertension and the subjects' common characteristics, lifestyle habits and obesity were used as the independent variables.
RESULTS
We found that lack of sleep was associated with hypertension (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01~3.39) and obesity was also associated with hypertension (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.59~4.98).
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that daily hours of sleep and obesity were associated with hypertension in male express bus drivers. Due to the characteristics of this job, such as long hours and lack of exercise, it can result in obesity and lack of sleep, which can in turn influence occurrences of hypertension. Therefore, consideration of lack of sleep and obesity in their workers will be helpful for the management in the prevention of hypertension.

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The Relationship between Job Stress and Dyslipidemia in Express Bus Drivers: Nam Soo Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Jin Woo Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):221-229. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.221

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To examine whether or not there is a relationship between job stress and dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 301 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors and job characteristics. Job stress was measured by the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A measure of blood lipid levels, comprised of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, was dichotomized and categorized into 'high' or 'low'. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and dyslipidemia, with blood lipid level as the dependent variable.
RESULTS
We found that high job demand was associated with high total cholesterol (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18-8.95) and high LDL-cholesterol (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.18-14.44) and lack of job control was associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.56).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that job demand and lack of job control were associated with dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers. A job stress management program that emphasizes job demand and lack of job control is needed to prevent dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.

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Stress-Related Factors in Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020)
Min Jeong Lee, Jeong Ho Shin, Jin Hoon Kang, Sung Hyun Jun
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(1): 47. CrossRef
Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef
Eating Habit and Stress Status according to Exercising Habits of Middle-Aged Adults in Chungnam
Se-Yune Kim, Yeon-Ja Seo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 43. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Health Promoting Lifestyle of Urban Bus Drivers in Small-sized Companies
Miju Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 363. CrossRef
The Effect of Emotional Labor for Job Stress in Bus Drivers
Hee Ryang Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Ja Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
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Relationship of Shift Work to Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Korean Female Workers: Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(4):362-371. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.4.362

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We wanted to investigate the relationship of shift work to the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms of Korean female workers.
METHODS
The data was analyzed from a cross-sectional survey of 1,875 Korean female workers. Information was obtained about the shift work, the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms and the background characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for the relationship between the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms and the shift work variables, while controlling for the covariates.
RESULTS
Shift work was more common for blue-collar workers than for office workers. A higher proportion of current smokers and drinkers was observed for shift workers than for day workers. A full-time job was more popular for shift workers than for day workers, while more day workers worked over 8 hours per day than did the shift workers. The mean scores of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher for shift workers than for day workers. Shift work was associated with 0.54 more cardiovascular symptoms and with 0.38 more gastrointestinal symptoms on a multiple regression analysis (p=0.001; p=0.020, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that shift work may increase the risks for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disturbances. Therefore, preventive strategies are needed to control the negative effects of shift work in the workplace.

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The Impact of Sleep Disorder and Job Stress on Turnover Intention of Shift-Working Nurses
Eun Ok Yang, In Ryung Choi, Seong-Min Kim
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(4): 255. CrossRef
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Seong-Woo Kim, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Wook Han, Min-Sung Kang, Young-Hyeon Nam, Yong-Jin Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Work-related Characteristics and Hypertension among White Collar Workers
Chae-Bong Kim, KyooSang Kim
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(3): 418. CrossRef
Relating Factors for Depression in Korean Working Women: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V)
Kyung-Jae Lee, Jeung-Im Kim
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 265. CrossRef
The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers
Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey
Sungjin Park, Juhyun Nam, Jong-Ku Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between shift work and hyperuricemia in steelmaking male workers
Jae-Seok Oh, Won-Jun Choi, Min-Kee Lee, Sung-Woo Han, Seung-Ho Song, Jong-Wan Yun, Sang-Hwan Han
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship of Shift Work to Gastrointestinal Disorders in Hospital Nurses
Eun-Ju Kim, Hye-Sun Jung, Eun-hi Choi
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2014; 14(4): 172. CrossRef
Effect of Nutrition Education on Improving Dietary Attitudes, Food Habits and Food Frequency - Female in Twenties Shift Work in Gyeonggi Area
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 55. CrossRef
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Seung-Lim Lee, Soo-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 467. CrossRef
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Eun-Young Hong, Sang-Dol Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4107. CrossRef

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Health Evaluation of ex-workers occupationally exposed to Carbon disulfide: Subjective Symptoms and Related Factors according to compensation for CS2 poisoning: Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Hyun Rim Choi, Gil Seong Yang, Ho Kim, Shang Hyuk Yim, Yun Geun Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):150-161. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.150

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the chronological subjective symptoms and related factors in ex-workers who were occupationally exposed to Carbon disulfide.
METHODS
One hundred and seventy-seven subjects (147 males and 30 females) were randomly selected among ex-workers and interviewed by well trained doctors, who filled out a structured questionnaire developed by authors on the subjective symptoms. The questionnaire was composed of symptoms in the head and neck, and those of the neuro-psychological, respiratory, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems. Other factors such as general and occupational characteristics including work department, work duration, duration since cessation of exposure, and compensation for occupational disease were also investigated.
RESULTS
The mean subject age was 55.4 years. The mean cumulative exposure index (CEI) was 38.96 +/- 31.18. CEI was significantly higher in the compensated group (47.61 +/- 32.51) than in the non-compensated group (26.81 +/- 24.75)(p=0.000). Symptom complaints were significantly higher in the compensated group in all organ systems, and their incidence increased gradually until 10 years after cessation of work, and then decreased. The mean duration for cessation of exposure at the time of compensation was 10.97 years. The significantly different factors between the compensated group and the non-compensated group were total cumulative exposure index and the time interval between the cessation of work and the time of compensation.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that total cumulative exposure index and the time interval between the cessation of work and the time of compensation may be important factors affecting the compensation for occupational disease. Therefore, further studies will be necessary.

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Health Behavior and Health Condition of Patients Exposed to Carbon Disulfide according to Exposure Level
Hyun Joe
Soonchunhyang Medical Science.2020; 26(2): 53. CrossRef
Recognition and Using Status of Carbon Disulfide (CS2) as Fumigant for Controlling Chestnut Weevil, Curculio sikkimensis among Chestnut Farmers
Moo-Sik Lee, Eun-Young Kim, Jae-Lim Lee, Gi-Yeon Sohn
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2016; 41(2): 63. CrossRef

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Cerebrovascular, and Other Health Effects, Due to the Exposure of Ex-Workers to Carbon Disulfide in the Maunfacture of Rayon: Joo Ja Kim, Kyung Jae Lee, Hyun Sook Hong, Dae Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):72-83. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.72

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cerebrovascular and other related health effcets, due to the exposure of ex-workers to carbon disulfide in the manufacture of rayon.
METHODS
The study subjects comprised of 453 workers from the rayon manufacturing industry (387 males, 66 females). They were examined with a brain MRI and for other risk factors related to their occupation, such as age, work department, work duration, duration of work cessation, and blood pressure. Laboratory tests were also performed such as blood sugar, hemoglobin, cholesterol, etc. The cumulative exposure levels were calculated as the mean exposure level, per work department, multiplied by the total work duration in months.
RESULTS
75.1% of the subjects were between the ages of 40 and 59 years. 76.0% of the subjects had worked in high exposure departments (e.g., department of spinning and refining etc). 52.5% of the subjects had worked for more than 10 years, and 63.3% of the subjects had ginven up the work (exposure) more than 10 years earlier. The brain MRI findings were normal, a single lacunar infarct, multiple lacunar infarcts (mostly, on subcortex and white matter), and a hemorrhage in 52.5, 8.6, 36.2 and 2.7% respectively. Multiple lacunar infarcts were not related to the cumulative exposure level but in the female workers only, were significantly related to the increasing level of work duration (p<0.05), and in the male workers only, were related to the increased duration of work cessation and age (p<0.01). Abnormal rates of laboratory tests were higher in the multiple lacunar infarcts subjects with hypertension compared to theose with normal brain MRI findings (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The multiple lacunar infarcts of the brain seemed not to be related to the cumulative exposure level but to the low exposure departments, duration of work, duration of work cessation, age and hypertension. This was conducted as a health evaluation on workers from the rayon manufacturing industry who had terminated their exposure to carbon disulfide many years earlier.

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A Study on Urinary Hippuric Acid and Subjective Symptoms in Toluene Exposed Workers: Joo Ja Kim, Jung O Ham, Kyu Dong Ahn, Byung Kook Lee, Taik Sung Nam, Nam Won Paik; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1989;1(2):206-217. Published online November 30, 1989; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1989.1.2.206

Abstract PDF

To study the relationship between the urinary hippuric acid and subjective symptoms in toluene exposed workers, urinary hippuric acid was measured and subjective symptoms questionnarire was surveyed in 93 toluene exposed male workers and 96 non-exposed office male workers. The results are as follows: 1. Mean concentration of urinary hippuric acid, which is significantly higher in exposed group than in non-exposed group, was 1.3 g/l, 1.2(GM, GSD respectively) in exposed group and 0.6 g/l, 1.2(GM, GSD respectively) in non-exposed group. 2. Mean concentration of toluene in the air in the workplace, which is significantly higher in the department of coater than in the department of mixing, was 23.4 ppm, 6.2(GM, GSD respectively) in the department of mixing and 59.8 ppm, 3.4(GM, GSD respectively) in the department of coater. 3. Complained rates of subjective symptoms were significantly higher in exposed group than in non exposed group in all items. 4. In exposed group, complained rate of CNS related symptoms was higher than that of irritation related symptoms in the first part but there was no significant difference and complained rate of irritation related symptoms in the second part was significantly higher than that of CNS related symptoms. 5. In exposed group, complained rates of subjective symptoms were not compatible with dose-response relationship by the concentration of urinary hippuric acid, duration of work, department of work, and age group retrospectively.

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A Study of Working Environment for Automotive Painting in Auto Repair Shops and Workers' Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals
Sang-Hyo Sim, Chun-Hwa Jeoung, Jin-Suk Lim, Hyung-Gu Lee, Yoon-Shin Kim
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2009; 35(3): 153. CrossRef

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