Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Jong Tae Lee

17 Articles

Pulmonary Functions and Related Factors in Shipyard Workers: Mi Hee Park, Chun Hui Suh, Chae Gwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):324-332. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.324

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors which affect pulmonary function in shipyard workers in order to build a body of basic information that can be used to prevent and manage pulmonary disorders in the future.
METHODS
We studied the respiratory symptoms, smoking history, chest radiographies, and pulmonary functions of 793 workers associated with two shipyards from April 2009 to July 2009. The workers were subdivided into 3 groups by job type: welders, grinders, and machinist-managers. The data was analyzed according to job type and other possible impact factors.
RESULTS
Significant differences among job type were seen with dyspnea and coughing during working hours and in the morning. In pulmonary functions, there were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (except FEV1/FVC%) among job types. Grinders especially showed significantly lower figures in the indices of FEV1, FVC, and MMEF.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary function was significantly lower in grinders. Grinders seem to be affected by exposure to a combination of dust particles (silica, lead, and manganese) and irritant gases in the workplace. These results suggested that workers and health officials should work together to adopt technical preventive measures, such as having well- ventilated work areas and appropriate respiratory protective devices.

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Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea
Ju-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hong Shin, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Medical Professionalism of Occupational and Environmental Physicians in Korea: Seung Hwan Shin, Jong Tae Lee, Min Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chae Kwan Lee, Chun Huii Suh, Shin Ik Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):203-212. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.203

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OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated cognition, core values and attributes of medical professionalism in occupational and environmental physicians, and was conducted to have basic data for suggesting proper role models of occupational and environmental physicians.
METHODS
Perceptions of reality and the priority of professionalism virtues in occupational and environmental medicine were evaluated by using a self-administered questionnaire, completed by 109 occupational and environmental physicians in Korea. The physicians were divided into two sub-groups: the resident group and the board certified specialist group. There are 4 questions about perceptions of reality and survey respondents gave 5-scale scores to each of 10 professionalism virtues in the questionnaire. The statistical significance of the perception difference between two groups was given by a cross tabulation analysis. Priority difference between each 10 professionalism virtue between the two groups was analyzed through Student T-test by using the SPSS 17.0K program. Afterwards, the type of medical professionalism in occupational and environmental medicine was analyzed based on the results of the questionnaire.
RESULTS
This study provided us with the information that specialists had more optimistic views about reality of occupational and environmental medicine than residents. 10 virtues of medical professionalism were listed in the order of priority, highest to lowest. Occupational and environmental physicians valued 'technical competence', 'professional dominance', and 'morality', but 'altruism' had the lowest score.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the occupational and environmental physicians's type of medical professionalism didn't match any of the seven types of medical professionalism from Castellani & Hafferty, although 'empirical type', 'nostalgic type' were partially similar to the occupational and environmental physician's type of medical professionalism. This is assumed because the occupational and environmental medicine field is different from other clinical medicine in terms of the physician's role. Further studies and discussions are necessary for establishing a suitable model of medical professionalism for occupational and environmental physicians.

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Perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among Korean occupational physicians
Junghye Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jong-Tae Lee, Segyeong Lee, Chae-Kwan Lee, Gyeong-Jin Lee, Taekjoong Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kunhyung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Professional Job Perception and Its Related Factors among Medical Recorders engaged in General Hospitals
Eun-Sook Shin
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(1): 229. CrossRef
Residency programs and the outlook for occupational and environmental medicine in Korea
Youngil Lee, Jungwon Kim, Yoomi Chae
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Professional Job Perception and Job Satisfaction, and Its Related Factors Among Medical Recorders Engaged in General Hospitals
Taek-Soo Shin, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4258. CrossRef

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Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Urine Cotinine Levels by Occupation in the Busan, Ulsan, Kyeongnam Provinces: So Ryong Lee, Soo Jin Jeong, Chun Hui Suh, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Jin Heon Lee, Moon Young Hwang, Choong Hee Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):42-52. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.42

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OBJECTIVES
Exposure to second-hand smoke varied by smoking rate in the workplace and no-smoking policies. The purpose of this study was to estimate the status of second-hand smoke exposure by occupation through urine cotinine analysis in Busan, Ulsan, and Kyeongnam provinces.
METHODS
Data was obtained from the National Institute of Environmental Research of Korea as 'The 2008 Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in Human Body'. We selected 629 non-smokers who lived in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam provinces. General and occupational characteristics were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Urine cotinine concentrations were analyzed by a gas chromatograph-mass selective detector. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test, Student t-test and ANOVA.
RESULTS
The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of urine cotinine concentration was 17.11 (2.74) ng/ml. The urine cotinine concentration of the middle school graduate group (18.47 (2.86) ng/ml) was higher than the college graduate group (15.64 (2.60) ng/ml, p=0.212). Also, the cotinine concentration of current drinkers (18.98 (2.47) ng/ml) was higher than non-drinkers (16.15 (2.88) ng/ml, p=0.054). The proportion who smelled smoke was higher in workers (38.5%) than in non-workers (29.7%, p=0.02). Therefore, urine cotinine concentration was higher in workers (17.29 (2.66) ng/ml) than in non-workers (16.97 (2.81) ng/ml) but not at a statistically significant amount (p=0.826). In addition, cotinine concentration between the group who smelled smoke (20.45 (2.42) ng/ml) and the group who did not smelled smoke (15.53 (2.78) ng/ml) was significantly different (p=0.016) in workers but not in non-workers (17.08 (2.42) ng/ml vs 16.92 (2.98) ng/ml, p=0.942). According to the National Center for Health Statistics occupational categories in the US and the Korea Standard Classification of Occupations, the urine cotinine concentration of white collar workers such as technical workers and administrators, professional specialists, and managers was higher (18.01 (2.55) ng/ml) than that of blue collar workers such as plant and machine operators and assemblers, elementary occupations, and craft and related trades workers (15.36 (3.48) ng/ml).
CONCLUSIONS
The workplace is an important contributor to second-hand smoke exposure in Busan, Ulsan and Kyeongnam provinces. Unlike in advanced countries, where anti-smoking policies have been implemented, urine cotinine concentration in people in Busan, Ulsan and Kyeongnam provinces was higher in the white collar group than in the blue collar group. This result might be due to a higher indoor second-hand smoking rate of workplaces in these areas. Further studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between regional characteristics of industries, anti-smoking policies in the workplace, smoking rates and urine cotinine concentrations of workers.

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Differences in Oral Health and Generalized Anxiety Disorder According to Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places
Yu-Rin Kim, Kyeung-Ae Jang
Behavioral Sciences.2023; 13(6): 455. CrossRef
Evaluation of Serum Cotinine Cut-Off to Distinguish Smokers From Nonsmokers in the Korean Population
Kiwoong Ko, Min-Jung Kwon, Song-Hyun Yang, Chul-Jin Moon, Eun Hee Lee, Hee-Yeon Woo, Hyosoon Park
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2016; 36(5): 427. CrossRef
Decline in non-smoking workers’ urine cotinine levels after increased smoking regulation in Korea
Ju-Hyoung Park, Chae-Kwan Lee, Se-Yeong Kim, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jong-Tae Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Wookhee Choi, Hosub Im
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Cognition and Practice on Medical Information Protection of Iudustrial Health Care Manager of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Soo Jin Jeong, Min Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Goo Rak Chang, Ki Hun Hong, Chun Hui Suh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):53-63. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.53

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OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to know the actual condition and problems of medical information protection at a workplace with the target of industrial health care managers of small and medium-sized enterprises.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was given to industrial health-care managers of 216 enterprises from March 15 to May 17, 2010. The questionnaire was produced by referring to the Act on Personal Information Protection of Public Institutions, etc. This research evaluated agreement of cognition and practice according to 10 items of medical information protection using kappa and cross-analysis of significant factors between cognition and practice of medical information protection and general characteristics.
RESULTS
Cognition about medical information protection appeared to be 85.4-97.1% and its practice appeared to be 44.1-95.3%, so practice was lower than cognition. In addition, the agreement of cognition and practice appeared significantly low (kappa 0.082-0.387). The practice of medical information protection tended to be lower when the managers were older and held a higher job title. Health examination results were being delivered only to workers except for an employer (94.2%), but there were many industrial health-care managers who felt discomfort about their work in group occupational health-care systems (58.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The practice of protecting medical information by industrial health-care managers was clearly lower than the cognition. Therefore, introduction of educational programs about personal information protection and provision of an independent place for group occupational health care service is urgent. In addition, in order to use the health examination results conveniently in group occupational health services, an institutional complement is necessary.

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Information Security in Nursing
Jiwon Kang, GyeongAe Seomun
Advances in Nursing Science.2021; 44(1): 16. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Acceptance of Personal Health Record Apps for Workplace Health Promotion: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Hyun Sang Park, Kwang Il Kim, Jae Young Soh, Young Ho Hyun, Sae Kyun Jang, Sol Lee, Ga Young Hwang, Hwa Sun Kim
JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2020; 8(6): e16723. CrossRef
Perception and Performance about Patients' Medical Information Protection in Allied Health College Students
Seon Young Choi, Do Yeon Lim, Il Sun Ko, In Oh Moon
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(1): 83. CrossRef
Influencing factors on health education performance of nurse in health promoting hospitals
Jinsook Lee, Sohi Kwon
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A Study on Protecting Patients' Privacy of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nurses
Miok Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 268. CrossRef

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The Actual Implementing Status of the Preplacement Medical Examination after the Annulment of the Preemployment Medical Examination: Chunhui Suh, Jong Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chang Hee Lee, Hui Dong Kim, Jin Hong Ahn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):174-181. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.174

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OBJECTIVES
We investigated the status of the preplacement medical examination after the revision of the industrial safety and health law on Oct. 7, 2005 by the Ministry of Labor.
METHODS
Preplacement medical certificates of 6,507 recruits issued by two hospitals in Busan, Kyeongnam Province from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2006 were reviewed. Telephone interviews were performed to the recruits with disease and self-reported questionnaires were administrated to health and safety personnel from May 1 to Sep. 30, 2007.
RESULTS
Interviews were conducted with 185(56.1%) recruits with disease, 51(27.4%) of whom were rejected for employment due to the preplacement medical certificate. The questionnaire survey for the health and safety personnel revealed that 39(22.9%) personnel were unaware of the annulment of the preemployment medical examination. Eighty(48.8%) of the health and safety personnel answered that they performed a preplacement medical examination after employment, and 63(37.3%) made a practical application of the workers' placement. The recruits with chronic conditions were refused employment: 20 (11.8%) due to hypertension, 21(12.4%) diabetes mellitus and 22(13.0%) hyperlipidemia. The recruits with work-related diseases were also refused employments: 76(44.4%) due to lumbar spine abnormality and 75(43.8%) hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the annulment of the pre-employment medical examination, a preplacement medical examination was often used to discriminate among healthy and diseased recruits. Employers must respect the law for the point of time of the preplacement medical examination and the payment of cost. The government should publicize the revision of the objectives of the law. We suggest that health professionals elucidate the job fitness through the development of the assessment tools and maintain the confidentiality of recruits.

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Perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among Korean occupational physicians
Junghye Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jong-Tae Lee, Segyeong Lee, Chae-Kwan Lee, Gyeong-Jin Lee, Taekjoong Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kunhyung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of university students' approach to health information on improvement of health behavior
Seung-Dae Kim, Myung-gwan Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3268. CrossRef

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Lifestyle and Work related Factors Associated with Serum PFOA among Workers at Manufacturing Companies: Sang Hwan Jang, Chae Kwan Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Kwon Bok Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Hwi Dong Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):233-244. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.233

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OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations and to investigate the relationship of lifestyle, health status and work-related factors among workers at manufacturing companies with possible occupational exposure to PFOA.
METHODS
The study subjects were 315 workers (male 203, female 112) of manufacturing companies with possible exposure to PFOA from August to December, 2007. A questionnaire was administered to investigate lifestyle and work-related factors. Serum PFOA concentrations were analyzed by LCMS/ MS, and liver function and total cholesterol were also tested.
RESULTS
Serum PFOA concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 40.9 ng/mL (mean 8.0 ng/mL). Serum PFOA concentrations increased with age. Male workers had higher PFOA concentration than female workers (male 9.0 ng/mL; female 6.3 ng/mL). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors significantly associated with PFOA concentration were male, being older, higher total cholesterol, and lower body mass index. Adjusted for age and gender by logistic regression, dyeing and finishing textiles had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of 6.16, and moulding patterns, moulds and industrial patterns (OR=4.84), sections for ships (OR=3.87), and plastics synthetic leather (OR=10.05) had marginally significantly high odds ratios.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the factors affecting serum PFOA concentration of workers at manufacturing companies. Further study is needed to ensure the effect of occupational exposure on serum PFOA concentration.

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The relationships between sixteen perfluorinated compound concentrations in blood serum and food, and other parameters, in the general population of South Korea with proportionate stratified sampling method
Hee-Young Kim, Seung-Kyu Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Yong-Sik Hwang, Jeong-Eun Oh
Science of The Total Environment.2014; 470-471: 1390. CrossRef
Concentration of PFOA and PFOS in Whole Blood and Factors Controlling Their Exposure Among Koreans
Chun-Hui Suh, Chae-Kwan Lee, So-Ryong Lee, Mi-Hee Park, Jong-Tae Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kun-Hyung Kim
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 38(2): 105. CrossRef

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Factors Associated with Occupational Injuries of Ship-building Supply Workers in Busan: Seung Hwan Shin, Dae Hwan Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Hwi Dong Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Hyun Man Kang, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):15-24. Published online March 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.1.15

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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate both personal and work-related factors associated with occupational injuries of ship-building supply workers in Busan, Korea.
METHODS
A self-administered, questionnaire survey, asking both personal and work-related factors associated with occupational injuries, was administered to 1,651 workers from 64 different ship-building supply companies in Busan, Korea. All occupational injuries had occurred within the previous 5 years. The workers were divided into three sub-groups: Group I, under 4 day-sick leave, Group II, 4 day-sick leave and over, and Group III, which consisted of both Groups I and II. The statistical significance of the factors associated with occupational injuries underwent cross tabulation analysis for each group. Afterwards, the relationships between the factors which had statistical significance and the occurrence of occupational injuries were analyzed through multiple logistic regression by using the SPSS 12.0 K program.
RESULTS
The prevalence of occupational injuries was 4.30% in Group II and 7.57% in Group III. The work activities which had the most frequent occupational injuries were 'Fit-up' and 'Welding', and 30.0% of injured workers were covered by workers' compensation in Group II. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis results, the factors which had statistical significance in occupational injury occurrence were education level above college (OR 2.78) and high level of fatigue (OR 2.18) in Group I, sleeping less than 5 hours per day (OR 3.47), high level of fatigue (OR 2.79) and working over 56 hours per week (OR 1.53) in Group II, and education level above college (OR 1.78), sleeping less than 5 hours per day (OR 2.98), poor sleep quality (OR 1.65) and high level of fatigue (OR 2.58) in Group III.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that several factors of ship-building supply workers such as sleep hours, sleep quality, fatigue, working hours, and educational level exerted a statistical effect on the occurrence of occupational injuries. In association with occupational injuries occurrence, these factors need to be controlled by proper methods such as effective safety education, work condition modification, and life style management.

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Relationship between long work hours and self-reported sleep disorders of non-shift daytime wage workers in South Korea: data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Hongsuk Choi, Sungho Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Young-Sun Min
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach
Jin-Young Min, Sung-Hee Song, HyeJin Kim, Kyoung-Bok Min
JMIR Medical Informatics.2019; 7(3): e14763. CrossRef
3D motion analysis of the wrist splint effect to wrist joint movement
Joong-il Shin, Soo-hee Park
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Association Night-Shift and Long Working-Hours Effects on Subjective Insomnia in Korean Workers: The Third Korean Working Conditions Survey
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The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(1): 41. CrossRef
Relationships of Self-esteem to Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Ship-building Supply Workers
So Eun Choi, Sam Sun Lee, Sang Dol Kim
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Medical Managements of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Shipbuilding Industry
Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
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Sun-Young Choi, Jeong-Eun Bin, Sung-Hee Kim
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2012; 25(4): 1047. CrossRef
Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
Yu-Chang Kim
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 131. CrossRef

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Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the metabolites in Workers using Coal tar Paints: Eun A Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Eun Hye Kwon, Jong Seong Lee, Yong Hack Lee, Hyun Seok Kwag, Seong Bong Choi, Iu Jin Lee, Jae Hoon Shin, Kwang Jin Shim, Sang Hwa Urm, Sung Jun Kim, Hae Sook Shon, Jin Ho Chun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):161-172. Published online September 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.161

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OBJECTIVE: In this study, the exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) were surveyed among the workers using coal tar paint.
METHOD
The study subjects for the exposed group were 107 male coal tar workers in 10 factories, and for the comparison group were 201 male clerk workers who had never been exposed to coal tar paint. Ambient PAHs, and pre-shift and end-shift urinary 1-OHP were sample and 16 PAHs were analysed. Smoking history was recorded during the survey day.
RESULTS
The geometric mean of ambient concentration of total PAHs was 120.17 microgram/m3. Naphthalene had the highest level among the 16 PAHs. The pre-shift 1-OHP in the exposed group (8.89 micro mol/mol creatinine) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.29 micro mol/mol creatinine). The end-shift 1-OHP in the exposed group (19.02 micro mol/mol creatinine) was significantly higher than that in the pre-shift (8.89 micro mol/mol creatinine) (Ed- confirm). 1-OHP of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers in both groups. The difference between pre-shift and end-shift 1-OHP in smokers (12.40 micro mol/mol creatinine) was twice as high as that in non-smokers (6.06 micro mol/mol creatinine). The difference of 1-OHP between smokers and nonsmokers was 7.59 micro mol/mol creatinine in pre-shift and 13.96 micro mol/mol creatinine in end-shift. Thus, the effect of smoking and exposure to PAHs on 1-OHP may not be additive. In regression analysis for 1-OHP, the significant independent variables were pre-shift 1-OHP and PAHs. The direction of these variables was positive. When the analysis was performed in workers exposed to higher PAHs, smoking was significant independent variable.
CONCLUSION
The above results suggest that not only ambient PAHs but also smoking, one of the most important non-occupational PAHs source, influenced the level of 1-OHP. Moreover, the effect of smoking to 1-OHP changed according to the exposure level of PAHs.

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Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
A study of the status of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in relation to its metabolites among workers in a Korean chemical factory
Kwan Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Heon Kim
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2014; 19(12): 4809. CrossRef

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Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Hairdresser: Soo Kyung Park, Young Jin Choi, Doeg Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Sook Sohn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.395

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers.
METHODS
Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.

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Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey
Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Broadcast Actors
Moon-Hee Park, Ham-Gyum Kim, Jae-Hwan Cho
Annals of Global Health.2015; 81(4): 475. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Radiation Workers
Jae-Hwan Cho, Moo-Seong Cho, Jae-Ouk Ahn
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Relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms of upper extremities among dental hygienists
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Leg Length Inequality, Habitual Posture, and Pain in Women's College Students
Sung-Bok Kwon, Yeo-Jin Yi, Hye-Ja Han, Kyung-Sook Cho, Nan-Young Lim, Eun-Hee Lee, Haeng-Mi Son, Young-Sook Park, Joo-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Sook Kang
Journal of muscle and joint health.2012; 19(1): 27. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552. CrossRef
Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Firefighters
Seong-Kyu Kang, Wook Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1111. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal disorders among staff in South Korea’s largest nursing home
Derek Richard Smith, Jae-wook Choi, Myung Ki, Jae-young Kim, Zentaro Yamagata
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2003; 8(1): 23. CrossRef

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Prevalence on Dermatologic, Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Hairdressers: Dong Mug Kang, Jong Tae Lee, Min Suk Kang, Sung Hee Park, Sang Hwa Urm, Sung Jun Kim, Kui Won Jeong, Hae Suk Shon, Bong Jin Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(3):385-392. Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.3.385

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Present study was conducted to evaluate work-related symptom prevalence among hairdressers.
METHODS
Exposed group comprised 184 employee employed 73 hair salons in 6 districts of Pusan city, and non-exposed grouts comprised 119 people living recent apartments. A trained interviewer interviewed them with organized questionnaire which included dermatologic, respiratory and musculo-skeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
Prevalence of hand eczema wart 28.3 % in exposed group, and 5.9 % in non-exposed group. Adjusted odds ratio for age and atopy history was 4.30(2.34-7.93). Prevalence of respiratory symptom(coughing) in exported group was 22.1%, and 9.4% for non-exposed group. Adjusted odds ratio for coughing which was adjusted for age, smoking and atopy history was 2.76(1.32-5.78). Prevalences of musculo-skeletal symptoms among exposed group were neck(59.9%) shoulder(76.6%), upper back(41.2%), lower back (72.2%), arm and elbow(31.3%), wrist(44.2%), finger(35.0%), leg(71.1%). Adjusted Odds Ratios for musculo-skeletal symptoms which wag adjusted for age were neck 2.13(1.29-3.51), shoulder 2.52 (1.50-4.24), upper back 1.71(1.01~2.88), lower back 1.78(1.06~2.99), arm and elbow 3.10(1.62~5.94), wrists 2.09(1.23~3.57), finger 4.83(2.41~ 9.68), leg 3.46(2.07~5.79).
CONCLUSIONS
These results chow that employees in hair salon are likely to have high risk for work-related dermatologic, respiratory and musculo-skeletal symptoms and diseases. Hence, prevention methods from those work-related diseases are required to be developed. Also, the scope of occupational and environmental medicine should be expanded to service area including hairdressers.

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A Study on Health Hazards of Cold Exposed Workers: Ho Chu Park, Seol Mi Jung, Deog Hwan Moon, Jong Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jae Il Choi, Yong Shik Hwang, Yong Hee Lee, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):80-94. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.80

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In order to evaluate the status of cold exposure and its health hazards of workers at cold storage workplaces and to provide basic data for effective health care, the author measured core temperature and also observed clinical symptoms and signs, past and present history, and general health examination data on 99 cold exposed workers for exposure group and 96 non-exposed workers for control group working at 2 food refrigerating companies in Pusan area from January 6, 1998 to February 24, 1998. The results were as follows : 1. There was statistically significant difference in water intake between the exposure and control group and increased urine volume, urine frequency in exposure group without statistically significant difference. 2. Past and present illness in exposure group were hypertension (18.2%), hepatopathy(8. 1%). gastro-intestinal disease(7. 1%). arthritis (4.0%), intervertebral disc herniation(4.0%). and so on, and hypertension, arthritis was statistically significant difference compared to control group. 3. Symptoms inexposure group were. fatigue(89.9%), headache (64.6%), drowsy(63.6%), neck stiffness(59.6%), excessive food intake (59.6%). general weakness(58.6%), hunger(58. 6%), numbness(54. 5%), and so on, and there was statistically significant difference between the exposure and control group except fatigue, drowsy. 4. As results of clinical test abnormality rate of the systolic, diastolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were significantly higher in exposed group that control. 5. Core temperature in exposure group was statistically significantly lower than control group and the highest statistically significant inverse correlation with the working hours and working frequency of daily mean cold storage. As above results, the author suggested that the further studies should be conducted to evaluate the health status of workers about chronic health effects in cold workplaces and to establish effective health care methods for them.

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Diffuse mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum are considered "signal tumors" of asbestos exposure. Although asbestos use in Korea started before the national liberation, it rose abruptly with economic development in 1970's. Considering latent period of mesotheliomas as twenty years, occupational mesothelioma cases would increase rapidly. In Korea construction is a major industry which use asbestos. Because workers in construction industry are mostly composed of daily based workers, it is hard to calculate the number of workers involving asbestos related work, to manage them with organized method, to educate them about adverse effects of asbestos and protection methods, to check health status of them periodically, and to follow them up. Although a case of occupational mesothelioma which was found in a asbestos textile worker have been reported, no case related with construction workers have been reported so far in Korea. The authors experienced occupational malignant pleural mesothelioma combined with asbestosis in a boilermaker and plumber in a construction industry.

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Several studies have reported the associations between airborne particles and/or ozone and respiratory diseases. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Seoul, one of the greatest city in Korea. We compiled daily records of hospital visits in Seoul from November 1, 1995 to October 31, 1996. The daily averages of ozone and particle matter whose diameter is 10 micrometer or less(PM10) from all monitoring stations were computed. Daily respiratory hospital visits were regressed on temperature, humidity, day of weak indicators, seasonal variation indicators, and air pollution. Each pollutant was first examined individually and then two pollutant models were fitted.
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Effects of Toluene, Xylene and Trichloroethylene on the Regulation of GnRH, GnRH Receptor and Pit-1 Gene Expression in Male Rat Hypothalamus and Pituitary: Dae Hwan Kim, Hun Lee, Chae Kwan Lee, Dae Sung Kang, Jung Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Jin Ho Chun, Chae Un Lee, No Suk Ki; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):267-281. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.267

Abstract PDF: The workplace exposure of chemicals has steadily increased, therefore the concern for subsequent effect on reproductive outcome has been an important issue in occupational medicine. In previous studies, higher rates of spontaneous abortion, reduced fertility and menstrual disorder among women, and an impairment of sperm quantity and quality among men have been associated with a wide variety of chemical agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of toluene, xylene and trichloroethylene (TCE) injection on the mRNA levels of GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 genes in male rats hypothalamus and pituitary and the effects on the plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups of five each according to concentration of toluene, xylene and TCE. The rats were injected subcutaneously to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight/day of toluene, xylene and TCE, respectively for 6 days. Rat brains were excised and hypothalamus and pituitary were separated. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) were used to evaluate the GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels. Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone were assayed by radioimulunoassay (RIA). The results were as follows; 1. GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in toluene and xylene injected groups, and GnRH receptor mRNA levels in TCE injected group were lowered dose-dependently. Especially, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 200 mg/kg of toluene injected group, and GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of toluene injected group were significantly lowed than control group (p<0.05). GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of xylene injected group, and GnRH receptor mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of TCE injected group were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). 2. The plasma levels of prolactin and testosterone in 400 mg/kg of toluene injected group, and LH in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of xylene injected group, and testosterone in 400 mg/kg of TCE injected group were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, we speculated that toluene and xylene affected reproductive system secondarily through hypothalamus-pituitary axis, and TCE affected directly through steroidogenesis. And we recomended that further study for assessment of the reproductive toxiclty of mixed organic solvent exposures should be conducted.

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Neuroendocrine Effects in Occupational Solvents Exposure: Chae Un Lee, Jong Tae Lee, Ui Wha Chung, Hae Suk Sohn, Deog Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jung Hak Kang, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jong Ham Kim, Kui Oak Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):362-374. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.362

Abstract PDF

Long term occupational exposure to solvent mixtures may cause adverse effects to the central nervous system with neurobehavioral symptoms. And some organic solvents have been suggested to cause impairment of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic activity and neurochemical mechanisms controlling pituitary secretion. For the purpose of assessing neuroendocrine effects in occupational solvents exposure, hormonal study settings (shoes-manufacturing industry & fishing products industry) and compared with nonexposed controls (33men, 85women). Male workers exposed to solvent mixtures had significantly lower plasma level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) than nonexposed male controls. While female workers exposed to solvent mixtures had significantly lower plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) than nonexposed female controls. The results of significant decrease in plasma concentrations of pituitary hormones (FSH, GH, and TSH) in workers exposed solvent mixtures indicate that occupational exposure to solvent mixtures may induce neuroendocrine effects through an effect on hypothalamic pituitary axis.

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The Relationship between Occupational Lead Exposure and Minor Hearing Impairment: Nam Hee Lee, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Lim Shin, In Guen Park, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):10-20. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.10

Abstract PDF

In this study the relationship between occupational lead exposure and minor hearing impairment was investigated in a cross-sectional design with 50 lead exposed workers from January to April 1994, The data were collected from the interview with the structured questionnaire which included sociodemographic variables and medical histories especially ear disease and occupational histories. Lead exposure indices which were blood lead, urine lead, zinc protoporphyrin in urine, and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine were analyzed, Also study subjects were examined pure-tone hearing test. The results were as follows ; 1. There were significant differences in lead indices between lead-exposed workers and non-exposed workers. 2. The duration of lead exposure did not affect the hearing impairment among lead exposed workers. 3. Minor hearing impairment were higher in lead-exposed workers than non-exposed workers, but there were not statisticatly significant. The result from this study indicated that lead exposed workers should be monitored to prevent hearing impairment and would be needed health education.

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Respiratory disease resembling byssinosis in sisal rope-making worker: Jong Tae Lee, Chang Woon Kang, Jeong Ho Kim, Kui Weon Jeong, Sung Chun Kim, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1991;3(1):43-50. Published online February 28, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1991.3.1.43

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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