Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Ji Hong Kim

10 Articles

Occupational disease surveillance system in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam area: Jung Il Kim, Byung Gwan Kim, Jung Won Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Cheol Ho Yi, Dongmug Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Young Wook Kim, Young Ha Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Younghee Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Hyung Ryul Yun, Cheol In Yoo, Baek Geun Jeong, Tae Won Jang, Yun Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yun, Jin Uk Kang, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Dong Joon Lee, Joon Ho Jang, Kwang Young Lee, Hyu Ran Song, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Man Cho, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Yu Jin Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Kap Yeol Jung, Jung Man Kim, Joon Youn Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):1-12. Published online March 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.1

OBJECTIVE: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases METHODS: 11 hospitals participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Between Apri1 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. Most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7 %) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9 %). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6 %) and 4 (12.1 %) cases of occupational asthma, the agents included isocyanate and welding fume, respectively. 64.7 % of the cases of occupational skin diseases were contact dermatitis, and organic solvents and welding fume were the main agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10 (58.8 %) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (29.4 %) as adenoma.
CONCLUSION
This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

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Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46. CrossRef

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Epidemiologic and Clinical Study on Occupational Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus(HNP) in Lumbar Spine: Comparative Analysis with Non-occupational HNP: Soon Yong Kwon, Seung Koo Rhee, Il Suk Chang, Ji Hong Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):277-291. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.277

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of study was to define the clinical and epidemiological factors of HNP and to provide the meaningful sources for establishing a prognosis and a rationale for clinical management of occupational low back problem.
METHODS
This study was performed at eight branch hospitals of Catholic University of Korea and several governmental hospitals f or occupational disorders around the Kyunggi province of Korea since Jan. 1985. We analyzed the several factors about lumbar HNP through comparative study of the hospital admission series of each 200 patients in both occupation- and nonoccupation related, subjected to epidemiologic and clinical investigation, respectively.
RESULTS
1. Mean age of occupational HNP was younger(30.9+/-8.8) than non-occupational HNP(35.2+/-10.5) (p<0.05). 2. The duration of clinical symptom before admission was longer in non-occupational HNP(19.9+/-22.8 Mo.) than in occupational HNP(6.9+/-12.4 Mo.) (p<0.05). 3. The symptomatic attack before admission was more frequent in non-occupational HNP(3.7+1.9) than in occupational HNP(2.5+/-0.9) (p<0.05). 4. There were no significant differences in physical findings between two groups, except for low rate(63%) of straight leg raising test(SLR) limitation in occupational HNP compared to non-occupational HNP(83%) (p<0.05). 5. Even though The main reason for operative intervention was a failure of conservative treatment in both groups(p<0.05), extruded subligamentous type was predominant(50%) in occupational HNP(p<0.05), whereas extruded transligamentous type occupied major portion(67.8%) in non-occupational HNP(p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The clinical results were poor in occupational HNP in both conservative and operative management groups, compared to non-occupational HNP(p<0.05) and mean durations admission and re-admission rate was higher in occupational HNP, compared to non-occupational HNP (p<0.05).

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Analysis of Precedents Related to the Lumbar Disc Herniation
Kyeong-Seok Lee, Jae-Jun Shim, Seok-Mann Yoon, Jae-Won Doh, Il-Gyu Yun, Hack-Gun Bae
Korean Journal of Neurotrauma.2012; 8(2): 94. CrossRef

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The Toxicologic effect of TAFMAG on RAW 264.7 cell: Hwang Shin Chang, Kyoung Ah Kim, Eun Kyoung Kim, Jin Ku Han, Ji Hong Kim, Hyun Wook Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(3):340-349. Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.3.340

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxicity of TAFMAG, which is a trade name of natural mineral fiber mined and produced in China.
METHODS
The cytotoxicity of TAFMAG was evaluated by measuring iron content, lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cytotoxicity in vitro. These results were compared with the data of chrystotile and wollastonite as a positive and negative control, respectively.
RESULTS
There was significant increase of Fenton activity in TAFMAG and chrysotile with dose-response pattern. The iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, significantly decreased Fenton activity of the particulates except wollastonite. TAFMAG and chrysotile fibers significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration from lipid peroxidation of the red blood cell membrane. In erythrocyte hemolysis test, TAFMAG & chrysotile had stronger effect on erythrocyte hemolysis than wollastonite with the concentration of 1,000g/ml. Furthermore, TAFMAG was more hemolytic than chrysotile with the concentration of 5.000 g/ml. There was a significant cytotoxic effect in TAFMAG and chrysotile on RAW cell compared with wollastonite.
CONCLUSIONS
In vitro study suggested that TAFMAG may have a similar health hazard as usual asbestos.

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Wollastonite toxicity: an update
L. Daniel Maxim, Ron Niebo, Mark J. Utell, E. E. McConnell, Salvatore LaRosa, Alan M. Segrave
Inhalation Toxicology.2014; 26(2): 95. CrossRef

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Effect of Desferrioxamine on Silica-Induced Cytotoxicity of A549 and Fibroblast Proliferation: Kyoung Ah Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Ji Hong Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):127-136. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.127

Abstract PDF: The inhalation of crystalline silica results in the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Among these ROS, hydroxyl radical( OH) is believed to be the most reactive one. OH is generated in reaction between superoxide and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by transition metal, especially iron. Therefore iron should be important in the bioactivity of crystalline silica. Desferrioxamine, a iron chelator, may be protective in silica-induced pulmonary reaction. To test this assumption we investigated the protective effect of desferrioxamine on lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, cytotoxicity, production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokine and fibroblast proliferation by crystalline silica in vitro model. The results were as follows: 1. Fenton activity of silica and asbestos was significantly higher than that of control. Fenton activity in crocidolite was higher than silica at the same dose. This result correlated with iron content of dust. Fenton activity of silica and crocidolite was decreased by preincubation of silica with desferrioxamine. 2. Silica induced a dose-dependent increase of MIDA concentration in lung epithelial cell lysate dose dependently. Marked decrease of MDA was observed in desferrioxaminetreated silica group compared with untreated group. 3. As concentration of stimulated silica, silica?induced cytotoxicity was increased. There was significant decrease of cytotoxicity in desferrioxamine?treated silica group compared with untreated group. 4. a-quartz augmented the production of TNF-a and IL-8 from A549 cell. While desferrioxa-mine suppressed the release of cytokines. 5. Supernatant of silica-cocultured A549 cell induced a significant proliferation of fibroblast, which desferrioxaime blocked this proliferation. From these result, we concluded that desferrioxamine has a protective effect on silica induced pulmonary reaction.

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Silica Induced Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo: Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Shn Chang, Yung Mann Baag, Byung Yong Ahn, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):206-212. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.206

Abstract PDF: Silica exposure results in acute inflammatory response followed by chronic fibrotic change. The mechanism for the maintenance of silica-induced inflammation has not been understood yet. Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programed cell death that plays major role during homeostasis and in many diseases including cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders. Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation. To demonstrate the involvement of apoptosis in underlying mechanism for the development of silica-induced pathological changes, this study was designed in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro study, alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) was stimulated with silica and performed flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis. In in vivo study, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done to count the total and apoptotic cells from silica-instilled rats. The results were as follows: 1. Apoptotic cell fraction of silica-treated groups (10 and 50 microgram/cm2) was significantly higher than that of control group. 2. Genomic DNA from silica-treated groups (10 and 50 microgram/cm2 ) showed DNA ladder in agarose gel electrophoresis, while group of 1 microgram/cm2 didn't. 3. Total cell number and apoptotic cell number of BAL fluid from silica-instilled rats (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of control. 4. Silica induced apoptosis of cells in BAL fluid was confirmed by microscopic observation with nuclear fragmentation. These results suggest that apoptosis may contribute to development of silica-induced pathological changes.

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Aplastic Anemia in a Petrochemical Plant Worker: Young Mann Baak, Yong Hyu Choi, Seong Kyu Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Joung Wook Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):287-292. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.287

Abstract PDF: Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow. Fifty percent of the cases are idiopathic and the rest are caused by various agents including drugs, chemicals, radiation and viruses. It is difficult to link specific etiologic agents, especially chemicals to the development of aplastic anemia because multiple or unknown exposures may be involved in. Benzene, a common industrial chemical and a component of gasoline, may lead progressively to pancytopenia, aplastic anemia and leukemia when exposed. A petrochemical worker with aplastic anemia was referred to our hospital to evaluate a relationship between the job history and the disease. He worked in the petrochemical plant for .21 years and was exposed to low-level benzene. There was not any other etiologic agent except benzene and this is the case report of aplastic anemia which possibly due to benzene exposure.

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Clinical Process and Pulmonary Function of Workers Exposed to Dusts in Manufacturing Industries: Potential Biomarkers of Pneumoconiosis: Kyoung Ah Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Young Lim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Byung Young Ahn, Young Man Park, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):450-462. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.450

Abstract PDF: Alveolitis is believed to be a primary response after dust inhalation. Activated inflammatory cells by dust and their mediators are major participants in the evolution of pneumoconiosis. Therefore evaluation of degree of alveolitis is useful for assessing disease activity and estimating of prognosis in pneumoconiosis. This study focused on the workers with pneumoconiosis who are working and worked in manufacturing industries because the occupying fraction by them among total pneumoconioses patients in our country is increasing recently. In order to identify and validate biomarkers to early diagnosis and better predict for the suceptible workers, the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha ), interleukine-8 (IL-8), platelet-derived growth factor-AA(PDGF-AA) and transforming growth factor-beta TGF beta ) from alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes, their concentration in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid, pulmonary function test and Gallium index of lung were performed on 25 patients with pneumoconiosis who worked in manufactory industries. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. No significant differences were demonstrated between large opacity group and small opacity group, however pulmonary diffusing capacity in large opacity group was significantly lower than that in small opacity group. 2. (67)Gallium index was significantly correlated with increase of category in pnemoconiosis(r=0.83, p<0.05). 3. Numbers of total cells (r=0.583, p<0.05) and alveolar macrophages (r=0.499, p<0.05) in BAL were significantly correlated with the category of pneumoconiosis. 4. Spontaneous (r=0.474, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.463, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha from macrophage, IL-8 (r=0.464, p<0.05) and TGF beta r=0.460, p<0.05) in BAL fluid were significantly correlated with category of pneumoconiosis. 5. Significantly positive correlation was demonstrated between spontaneous (r=0.443, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.573, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha with the category of pneumoconiosis. 6. Release of TNF alpha from alveolar macrophages(r=0.61, p<0.05) and blood monocytes (r=0.48, p<0.05), IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid (r=0.52, p<0.05) and (67)Gallium index (r=0.53, p<0.05) were consider to sensitive biomarkers for alveolitis by dust.

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An Association between Brain MRI and Neurologic Findings in Welders Exposed to Manganese Fume: Hyeon Woo Yim, Ji Hong Kim, Young Gyu Phee, Jung Wan Koo, Kang Sook Lee, Chung Yill Park, Jeong Wook Lee, Si Ryung Han, Hye Suk Jang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):161-171. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.161

Abstract PDF

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological findings in welders exposed to manganese fume. Thirty five welders from a bus manufacturing factory who were occupationally exposed to low dose manganese fume were examined. We collected the information on the demo graphic factors and welding careers. Laboratory investigations included blood and urine manganese concentration and blood chemistry. Brain MRI was checked, and high signal intensity of the globus pallidus was graded from 0 to 3 compared to the white matter of the frontal lobe. Neurologic examination wart carried out. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean age of workers was 48.3+/-5.7 years, mean duration of welding was 21.4 +/-5.6 Years. 2. On brain MRI, high signal intensity in the globes pallidus was observed in 27 workers (77.1%) Among them, 18 cases (66.7%) showed remarkably high signal intensity (grade 2) Mean concentration of blood manganese was higher in those with high signal intensity and correlated to the grade of high signal intensity (p=0.02) 3. On neurologic examination, no workers showed the finding of typical parkinsonism. But 11 workers (31.4%) showed subtle neurological abnormalities such as gait without associated arm movement, postural instability, intention tremor, and so on. Blood manganese concentration of neurologically abnormal group was 2.4+/-0.7 microgram/dL, which was significantly higher, compared to 1.8+/-0.7 microgram/dL of neurologically normal group (p=0.03). 4. Among 27 workers who showed high signal intensity on brain MRI, 10 workers (37%) were neurologically abnormal. Higher grade of signal intensity on globus pallidus showed higher rate of neurologic abnormality (p<0.05) Especially postural instability and gait without associated arm movement were prominent findings. These bindings suggest that high signal intensity on brain MRI might be associated with a prodromal sign of manganese intoxication. Careful neurologic examination should be tool lowed up on welders showing high signal intensity in the golbus pallidus of brain MRI.

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Parkinson's disease in a worker exposed to insecticides at a greenhouse
Yangwoo Kim, Inah Kim, Jung-Min Sung, Jaechul Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of MRI T1 relaxation time with neuropsychological test performance in manganese- exposed welders
R.M. Bowler, C-L. Yeh, S.W. Adams, E.J. Ward, R.E. Ma, S. Dharmadhikari, S.A. Snyder, S.E. Zauber, C.W. Wright, U. Dydak
NeuroToxicology.2018; 64: 19. CrossRef
Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef
State-of-the-Science Review: Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk?
Annette B. Santamaria, Colleen A. Cushing, James M. Antonini, Brent L. Finley, Fionna S. Mowat
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2007; 10(6): 417. CrossRef
Sequelae of fume exposure in confined space welding: A neurological and neuropsychological case series
Rosemarie M. Bowler, Sanae Nakagawa, Marija Drezgic, Harry A. Roels, Robert M. Park, Emily Diamond, Donna Mergler, Maryse Bouchard, Russell P. Bowler, William Koller
NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 298. CrossRef

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Relationship Between Mineral Fiber-Induced Pulmonary Tissue Reaction and MIP-2: Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Dong Won Lee, Heung Nam Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Ji Hong Kim, Hwa Suck Suh, Chung Yill Park, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):650-658. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.650

Abstract PDF: The pulmonary recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, in particular, neutrophils is thought to contribute to lung injury resulting from dust exposure. MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2) which is a member of C-X-C chemokine plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment to sites of tissue injury. Especially, mineral fiber induced pulmonary response is as a model for the neutrophil recruitment. Therefore, we evaluated the distribution of MIP-2 expression in lung tissue of mineral fiber exposed rat using immunohistochemical study and the relationship between degree of inflammation of lower respiratory tract and MIP-2 expression. Total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in mineral fiber-exposed group were markedly increased compared with each control group even not in ceramic fiber group. Number of neutrophil in BAL fluid in mineral fiber-exposed group were markedly increased compared with each control group until 4th week but except ceramic fiber group. In chrysotile group, number of neutrophil in BAL fluid were markedly increased compared with control group at 8th week. Lung tissue instilled with all kinds of mineral fibers showed remarkable developments of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and small multiple granulomas but not for ceramic fiber group. In chrysotile group, multiple granuloma and inflammatory change were more profuse response compared with other groups. MIP-2 was predominently expresses in epithelial cells of bronchioles and bronchus and was express also found in macrophages with lung section at 1 week after fiber instillation. Small amount of epithelial cell associated MIP-2 was present in chrysotile at 8 week group. But MIP-2 was not seen in epithelial cells and macrophages in the lung tissue instilled with crocidolite, ceramic fiber and glass fiber at 8 weeks. Our finding suggest that MIP-2 is predominantly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells of lung from mineral fiber-exposed rat and correlated with inflammatory cell, especially neutrophil, recruitment and tissue reaction. And we documented that MIP-2 expression and neutrophil recruitment in man-made vitreous fiber-exposed rat, especially glass fiber, less than chrysotile.

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The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical Generation on the Cytotoxicity of Alveolar Macrophage and Lipid Peroxidation of Erythrocyte Membrane by Mineral Fibers: Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Chung Yill Park, Im Goung Yun, Min Hwa Oh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(3):401-410. Published online October 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.3.401

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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