Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Hwi Dong Kim

6 Articles

Lifestyle and Work related Factors Associated with Serum PFOA among Workers at Manufacturing Companies: Sang Hwan Jang, Chae Kwan Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Kwon Bok Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Hwi Dong Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):233-244. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.233

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations and to investigate the relationship of lifestyle, health status and work-related factors among workers at manufacturing companies with possible occupational exposure to PFOA.
METHODS
The study subjects were 315 workers (male 203, female 112) of manufacturing companies with possible exposure to PFOA from August to December, 2007. A questionnaire was administered to investigate lifestyle and work-related factors. Serum PFOA concentrations were analyzed by LCMS/ MS, and liver function and total cholesterol were also tested.
RESULTS
Serum PFOA concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 40.9 ng/mL (mean 8.0 ng/mL). Serum PFOA concentrations increased with age. Male workers had higher PFOA concentration than female workers (male 9.0 ng/mL; female 6.3 ng/mL). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors significantly associated with PFOA concentration were male, being older, higher total cholesterol, and lower body mass index. Adjusted for age and gender by logistic regression, dyeing and finishing textiles had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of 6.16, and moulding patterns, moulds and industrial patterns (OR=4.84), sections for ships (OR=3.87), and plastics synthetic leather (OR=10.05) had marginally significantly high odds ratios.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the factors affecting serum PFOA concentration of workers at manufacturing companies. Further study is needed to ensure the effect of occupational exposure on serum PFOA concentration.

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The relationships between sixteen perfluorinated compound concentrations in blood serum and food, and other parameters, in the general population of South Korea with proportionate stratified sampling method
Hee-Young Kim, Seung-Kyu Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Yong-Sik Hwang, Jeong-Eun Oh
Science of The Total Environment.2014; 470-471: 1390. CrossRef
Concentration of PFOA and PFOS in Whole Blood and Factors Controlling Their Exposure Among Koreans
Chun-Hui Suh, Chae-Kwan Lee, So-Ryong Lee, Mi-Hee Park, Jong-Tae Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kun-Hyung Kim
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 38(2): 105. CrossRef

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Factors Associated with Occupational Injuries of Ship-building Supply Workers in Busan: Seung Hwan Shin, Dae Hwan Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Hwi Dong Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Hyun Man Kang, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):15-24. Published online March 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.1.15

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate both personal and work-related factors associated with occupational injuries of ship-building supply workers in Busan, Korea.
METHODS
A self-administered, questionnaire survey, asking both personal and work-related factors associated with occupational injuries, was administered to 1,651 workers from 64 different ship-building supply companies in Busan, Korea. All occupational injuries had occurred within the previous 5 years. The workers were divided into three sub-groups: Group I, under 4 day-sick leave, Group II, 4 day-sick leave and over, and Group III, which consisted of both Groups I and II. The statistical significance of the factors associated with occupational injuries underwent cross tabulation analysis for each group. Afterwards, the relationships between the factors which had statistical significance and the occurrence of occupational injuries were analyzed through multiple logistic regression by using the SPSS 12.0 K program.
RESULTS
The prevalence of occupational injuries was 4.30% in Group II and 7.57% in Group III. The work activities which had the most frequent occupational injuries were 'Fit-up' and 'Welding', and 30.0% of injured workers were covered by workers' compensation in Group II. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis results, the factors which had statistical significance in occupational injury occurrence were education level above college (OR 2.78) and high level of fatigue (OR 2.18) in Group I, sleeping less than 5 hours per day (OR 3.47), high level of fatigue (OR 2.79) and working over 56 hours per week (OR 1.53) in Group II, and education level above college (OR 1.78), sleeping less than 5 hours per day (OR 2.98), poor sleep quality (OR 1.65) and high level of fatigue (OR 2.58) in Group III.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that several factors of ship-building supply workers such as sleep hours, sleep quality, fatigue, working hours, and educational level exerted a statistical effect on the occurrence of occupational injuries. In association with occupational injuries occurrence, these factors need to be controlled by proper methods such as effective safety education, work condition modification, and life style management.

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Association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury among Korean employees
Jongwoo Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, JungIl Kim, Mo-yeol Kang, Suhwan Ju, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young Seoub Hong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between long work hours and self-reported sleep disorders of non-shift daytime wage workers in South Korea: data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Hongsuk Choi, Sungho Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Young-Sun Min
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach
Jin-Young Min, Sung-Hee Song, HyeJin Kim, Kyoung-Bok Min
JMIR Medical Informatics.2019; 7(3): e14763. CrossRef
3D motion analysis of the wrist splint effect to wrist joint movement
Joong-il Shin, Soo-hee Park
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2017; 29(6): 1089. CrossRef
Association Night-Shift and Long Working-Hours Effects on Subjective Insomnia in Korean Workers: The Third Korean Working Conditions Survey
Chae-Bong Kim, Tae-Young Jung, Seoung-Min Han
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(1): 41. CrossRef
Relationships of Self-esteem to Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Ship-building Supply Workers
So Eun Choi, Sam Sun Lee, Sang Dol Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(2): 106. CrossRef
Medical Managements of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Shipbuilding Industry
Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 157. CrossRef
An Investigation of Health Status in Male Workers
Sun-Young Choi, Jeong-Eun Bin, Sung-Hee Kim
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2012; 25(4): 1047. CrossRef
Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
Yu-Chang Kim
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 131. CrossRef

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Gene Expression Analysis in Basal Ganglia of Manganese-Exposed Rat Based on cDNA Array: Chae Kwan Lee, Noh Sung Min, Deog Hwan Moon, Jeong Ho Kim, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):352-364. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.352

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis.
METHODS
For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg B.W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ml) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reversetranscribed in the presence of [alpha32P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array II and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression.
RESULTS
Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twentyeight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose (0.2 mg/kg B.W./day).
CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

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Effects of Cadmium on Placental Function and Reproduction in Rats: Jin Hong Ahn, Kwang Soo Ko, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Ho Chun, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):236-249. Published online September 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.236

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the toxic effects of cadmium on placental function and reproduction in rats. For this study, the mRNA levels of the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) gene family, placental trophoblast cell frequemcy and reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
Pregnant F344 Fisher rats (200 g+/-23 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg B.W/day of cadmium (CdCl2) dissolved in saline from days 7-11 or 16-20 of pregnancy, and were sacrificed at days 11 or 20, respectively. The mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The hormone concentration was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and the frequemcy of the placental trophoblast cells was observed by histochemical study. Reproductive data were surveyed at day 20 of the pregnancy and after the births. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH gene family were reduced dose dependently by cadmium. The mRNA levels of Pit-1a and -b isotype genes were also reduced by cadmium. The hormone concentration of PL-Iv and -II was decreased by cadmium. During the second half of pregnancy (days 11-21), a high dose of cadmium exposure significantly reduced the frequency of spongiotrophoblast and trophoblast giant cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. In the last stage of pregnancy (day 20), a high dose of cadmium exposure induced the apoptosis of spon-giotrophoblast cells in the junctional zone of the placenta. Reproductive data such as placental and infant weight, number of live fetuses were decreased, and number of resorptions and dead fetuses, post-implantation loss were increased significantly in the cadmium exposed group compared with the control.
CONCLUSIONS
Cadmium disrupts the functions of the placenta and these effects leads to reproductive disorders in rats.

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Effects of Toluene on the Expression of Placental PRL-GH Family Genes and Reproduction in the Rat: Byong Soo Choe, Chae Kwan Lee, Deog Hwan Moon, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):262-275. Published online September 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.262

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the toxic effects of toluene on the placental functions and reproductionin the rat. In this study, the expression of placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) and Pit-1 genes, the frequency of placental trophoblast cells, and the reproductive data were analyzed.
METHODS
The pregnancy of the Sprague-Dawley rats (250+/-25 g) was determined by verifying the presence of the copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear and the day on which this was observed was defined as pregnancy day 0. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups. The control group was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with sesame oil, and the other two groups were given either 150 or 750 mg/kg BW/day of toluene resuspended in sesame oil during pregnancy days 7-11 and 16-20. The rats from the three experimental groups were sacrificed on pregnancy days 11 and 20, respectively. The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH, Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The hormonal concentration was analyzed by Radioimmunoassay. The frequency of the placental trophoblast cells was determined by means of a histochemical study. Reproductive data, such as the placenta and infnat weight, pregnancy period and litter size were surveyed at pregnancy day 20 and after birth. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the SAS program (version 8.1).
RESULTS
The mRNA levels of the PRL-GH family genes were reduced in a linear fashion by exposure to toluene. The mRNA levels of the Pit-1a and b isotype genes, which induce the expression of the PRL-GH family genes, were also reduced by exposure to toluene. The placental lactogen Iv and II concentrations in the rat placenta, fetus and maternal blood were also decreased by exposure to toluene. During the last stage of gestation, exposure to a high dose of toluene reduced the frequency of the spongiotrophoblast cells that secrete the PRL-GH hormones. Reproductive data such as the placenta and infant weight, and litter size were reduced, and the pregnancy period was extended in the toluene exposed group as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Toluene disrupts the PRL-GH hormone metabolism in the rat placenta and this leads to reproductive disorder.

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Neuroendocrine Effects in Occupational Solvents Exposure: Chae Un Lee, Jong Tae Lee, Ui Wha Chung, Hae Suk Sohn, Deog Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jung Hak Kang, Chang Hee Lee, Hwi Dong Kim, Jong Ham Kim, Kui Oak Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):362-374. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.362

Abstract PDF

Long term occupational exposure to solvent mixtures may cause adverse effects to the central nervous system with neurobehavioral symptoms. And some organic solvents have been suggested to cause impairment of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic activity and neurochemical mechanisms controlling pituitary secretion. For the purpose of assessing neuroendocrine effects in occupational solvents exposure, hormonal study settings (shoes-manufacturing industry & fishing products industry) and compared with nonexposed controls (33men, 85women). Male workers exposed to solvent mixtures had significantly lower plasma level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) than nonexposed male controls. While female workers exposed to solvent mixtures had significantly lower plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) than nonexposed female controls. The results of significant decrease in plasma concentrations of pituitary hormones (FSH, GH, and TSH) in workers exposed solvent mixtures indicate that occupational exposure to solvent mixtures may induce neuroendocrine effects through an effect on hypothalamic pituitary axis.

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Risk Assessment for Non-Cancer Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds in Children's Products
Jungkon Kim, Jung-Kwan Seo, Taksoo Kim, Gun-Ho Park
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2014; 40(3): 178. CrossRef

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