Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Hee Sung Lee

5 Articles

Emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female Bank employees: a questionnaire survey using the K-ELS and K-WVS: Guang Hwi Kim, Hee Sung Lee, Sung Won Jung, Jae Gwang Lee, June Hee Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:17. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

In modern society, the scale of the service industry is continuously expanding, and the number of service workers is increasing. Correspondingly, physical and mental problems related to emotional labor are becoming a major social problem. In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms in female bank employees, which is a typical service industry.

Methods

In this study, the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) and Korean Workplace Violence Scale (K-WVS) were distributed to 381 female workers in their 20s at a bank in Seoul, Korea. Data were obtained from 289 subjects (75.9%) and analyzed for 278 respondents, after excluding those with missing responses. We examined the relationship between emotional labor, workplace violence, and depressive symptoms, using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among 278 subjects, 27 workers (9.7%) had depressive symptoms. “Emotional disharmony and hurt” (OR 2.93, 95% CI = 1.17–7.36) and “Organizational surveillance and monitoring” (OR 3.18, 95% CI = 1.29–7.86) showed a significant association with depressive symptoms. For workplace violence, the “Experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers” (OR 4.07, 95% CI = 1.58–10.50) showed a significant association. When the number of high-risk emotional labor-related factors was 1 or more, 13.1% showed depressive symptoms. When the number of high-risk workplace violence-related factors was 1 or more, 14.4% had statistically significant depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

A significant result was found for depressive symptoms related to Emotional disharmony, which is a sub-topic of emotional labor, and those at high risk for “Organizational surveillance and monitoring.” For workplace violence, depressive symptoms were high for the group at high risk for the “experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and coworkers.” In this way, management of emotional disharmony, a sub-factor of emotional labor, is necessary, and improvements to traditional corporate culture that monitors emotional labor is necessary. Violence from colleagues and supervisors in the workplace must also be reduced.

IRB Approval No. SCHUH 2017–01-029. Registered 26 January 2017. Retrospectively registered.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0229-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses compared to the general population based on Propensity Score Matching: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China
Yafei Wu, Xiaoxv Yin, Shijiao Yan, Nan Jiang, Mengge Tian, Jiali Zhang, Zhenyuan Chen, Jing Wang, Chuanzhu Lv, Yanhong Gong
Journal of Affective Disorders.2022; 310: 304. CrossRef
Workplace Violence in Workers with Multi-Party Employment Arrangements: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey
Yeogyeong Yoon, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 93. CrossRef
Workplace violence influences nurses’ turnover intentions, but only when organisational support and perceived invulnerability are considered
Rebecca Jane Seymour, Sarah Jane Charles
Evidence Based Nursing.2022; 25(4): 137. CrossRef
Prevalence and Consequences of Verbal Aggression among Bank Workers: A Survey into an Italian Banking Institution
Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto, Cristina Civilotti, Nicola Magnavita
Administrative Sciences.2022; 12(3): 78. CrossRef
Relationship between workplace violence and work-related depression/anxiety, separating the types of perpetrators: a cross-sectional study using data from the fourth and fifth Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS)
Na-Rae Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Han Joo, Jae-Han Lee, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Workplace violence and turnover intentions among nurses: The moderating roles of invulnerability and organisational Support – A cross‐sectional study
Huseyin Cakal, Saeed Keshavarzi, Ali Ruhani, Golnoosh Dakhil‐Abbasi
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce?
Won Ju Hwang, Hye Kyung Yang, Ji Hye Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8019. CrossRef
Does Emotional Labor Increase the Risk of Suicidal Ideation among Firefighters?
Dae-Sung Hyun, Da-Yee Jeung, Changsoo Kim, Hye-Yoon Ryu, Sei-Jin Chang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(2): 179. CrossRef
Emotional Labor and Mental Health
Jae-Hon Lee
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2020; 59(2): 98. CrossRef
Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City
Sung Kyu Park, Han Cheol Heo, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of emotional labor on the health in the workplace: a narrative review of literature from 2013–2018
Norah Aung, Promise Tewogbola
AIMS Public Health.2019; 6(3): 268. CrossRef
Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals: The Effects of Healthcare Disturbance on the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Healthcare Workers
Nan Tang, Louise E. Thomson
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(19): 3687. CrossRef

58 View
1 Download
11 Web of Science
12 Crossref

The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey: Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:46. Published online October 2, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0205-9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Around the globe, discrimination has emerged as a social issue requiring serious consideration. From the perspective of public health, the impact of discrimination on the health of affected individuals is a subject of great importance. On the other hand, subjective well-being is a key indicator of an individual’s physical, mental, and social health. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between Korean employed workers’ subjective health and their exposure to perceived discrimination.

Methods

The Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2014) was conducted on a representative sample of the economically active population aged 15 years or older, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. After removing inconsistent data, 32,984 employed workers were examined in this study. The data included general and occupational characteristics, perceived discrimination, and well-being. Well-being was measured through the WHO-Five index (1998 version). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and well-being.

Result

As a group, employed workers who were exposed to discrimination had a significantly higher likelihood of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were not exposed to discrimination. More specifically, the workers exposed to age discrimination had an odds ratio(OR) of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.36–1.68), workers exposed to discrimination based on educational attainment had an OR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.26–1.61), and workers exposed to discrimination based on employment type had an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.48–1.91) with respect to poor well-being.

Furthermore, workers exposed to a greater number of discriminatory incidents were also at a higher risk of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were exposed to fewer such incidents. More specifically, the workers with three exposures to discrimination had an OR of 2.60 (95% CI: 1.92–3.53), the workers with two such exposures had an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.44–1.99), and the workers with one such exposure had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20–1.45).

Conclusion

The present study found that discrimination based on age, educational attainment, or employment type put workers at a higher risk of “poor well-being,” and that the greater the exposure to discrimination, the higher the risk of poor well-being.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Online education and the mental health of faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Yosuke Kita, Shoko Yasuda, Claudia Gherghel
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Presenteeism/Absenteeism and Well-being Among Korean Workers
Wonjeong Jeong, Yun Kyung Kim, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Jin-Ha Yoon, Eun-Cheol Park
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(8): 574. CrossRef
The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being in Korean wage workers through the Cantril ladder Scale
Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Second hand smoke exposure in workplace by job status and occupations
Hyunhee Park, Sung-il Cho, Changhun Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

54 View
0 Download
6 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Relationship of activities outside work to sleep and depression/anxiety disorders in Korean workers: the 4th Korean working condition survey: Sung Won Jung, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Jae Gwang Lee, June-Hee Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:51. Published online October 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0206-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders are long-standing and significant problem for mental health. Also there are already known so many negative health effect of these disorders. But there were few studies to examine the association between activities outside work and forementioned disorders. So this study aimed the association of those things by using the Republic of Korean data.

Methods

Data from 32,232 wage workers were used in the 4th Korean Working Condition Survey. General and occupational characteristics, sleep disorders, depression/anxiety disorders and activities outside work are included in questionnaire. To find the relationship between activities outside work and sleep, depression/anxiety disorders, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics.

Results

We observed that volunteer activities increased the odds ratio of both sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders(Odds ratio[OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.03–1.78 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.29–1.84, respectively). And self-development activities increase the odds ratio of sleep disorders(OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17–1.57). Gardening activities lowered the odds ratio of depression/anxiety disorders(OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94).

Conclusion

Some of activities outside work were related to sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean wage workers. Our results showed negative health effect of some kinds of activities outside work such as volunteering and self-devlopment compared to other studies that emphasized positive effect of those activities for health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association Between Occupational Physicochemical Exposures and Headache/Eyestrain Symptoms Among Korean Indoor/Outdoor Construction Workers
Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(4): 437. CrossRef
The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

62 View
0 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

The association between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean workers: analysis of the third Korean Working Conditions Survey: Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:32. Published online August 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0121-4

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Discrimination is a long-standing social problem, and interest in the health effects of discrimination has been increasing. Unfortunately, Korean workers experience various types and combinations of discrimination. This study aimed to examine the association between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean workers.

Methods

Data from 33,530 paid workers were extracted from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey. The data included general characteristics, occupational characteristics, perceived discrimination, and depression/anxiety disorders. To examine the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression/anxiety disorders, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate depression/anxiety disorders as the dependent variable and perceived discrimination as the independent variable, after adjusting for relevant general and occupational characteristics.

Results

After adjusting for the relevant general and occupational characteristics, we observed that male and female workers who had experienced perceived discrimination exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of having depression/anxiety disorders. The odds ratios among male and female workers were 3.25 (95 % confidence interval: 2.45–4.32) and 4.56 (95 % confidence interval: 3.45–6.03), respectively.

Conclusions

Perceived discrimination was significantly related to depression or anxiety disorders among Korean workers. The risk of depression or anxiety was higher among female workers, compared to male workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fear of the unknown: Experience of frontline healthcare workers with coping strategies used to face the COVID 19 pandemic
Gabriela Arango-Martinez, Laura Becerra Sarmiento, Isabela Castaneda Forero, Laura Castaneda Carreno, Yazmin Cadena-Camargo, Suma Krishnasastry
PLOS Global Public Health.2024; 4(8): e0003373. CrossRef
Intersectional Discrimination in the Transition to Vocational Education and Training
Julia Hufnagl
Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie.2024; 56(1-2): 37. CrossRef
The impact of perceived discrimination, positive aspects of caregiving on depression among caregivers: mediating effect of job satisfaction
Maitixirepu Jilili, Linping Liu, Anuo Yang
Current Psychology.2023; 42(1): 194. CrossRef
Performance-Based Pay System and Job Stress Related to Depression/Anxiety in Korea: Analysis of Korea Working Condition Survey
Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 4065. CrossRef
Air pollution and gender imbalance in labor supply responses: Evidence from South Korea
Ahram Han, Taejong Kim, Gi Khan Ten, Shun Wang
Economic Modelling.2023; 124: 106290. CrossRef
The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Mental Health of Wage Workers with Disabilities: Findings from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled 2016–2018
Hyeon Ji Lee, Wonjeong Jeong, Doukyoung Chon, Jae-Hyun Kim, Jong Youn Moon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8541. CrossRef
Depression Levels of State Functionaries: Empirical Evidence From China
Li He, Kun Wang, Zixian Zhang, Jiangyin Wang, Tianyang Li, Yuting Wang, Lixingzi Yang, Yuanyang Wu, Shuo Zhang, Siqing Zhang, Hualei Yang
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Wise Intervention on Perceived Discrimination Among College Students Returning Home From Wuhan During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Ting Lu, Zihan Guo, Hao Li, Xinyu Zhang, Zhihong Ren, Weiping Yang, Liuqing Wei, Ling Huang
Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in General Practitioners during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Alvaro Monterrosa-Castro, Velia Redondo-Mendoza, María Mercado-Lara
Journal of Investigative Medicine.2020; 68(7): 1228. CrossRef
Association between workplace discrimination and depressive symptoms among firefighters in South Korea
Nagyeong Lee, Ji‐Hwan Kim, Ja Young Kim, Seung‐Sup Kim
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2018; 61(9): 741. CrossRef
The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship of activities outside work to sleep and depression/anxiety disorders in Korean workers: the 4th Korean working condition survey
Sung Won Jung, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Jae Gwang Lee, Joo Ja Kim, June-Hee Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

35 View
0 Download
13 Web of Science
12 Crossref

The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers: Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:29. Published online December 12, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Shift work is vital in hotel businesses as these businesses run 24 h daily regardless of holidays to accommodate customers. The number of shift workers in hotel businesses is expected to increase consistently and it is crucial to study the impact of shift work on hotel workers’ mental health. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between depression and shift work in hotel workers. It especially focuses on investigating whether there is a difference in how closely these two are related depending on shift types.

Methods

A survey was conducted with 768 hotel workers who worked at two first-class hotels in Seoul. Out of 659 respondents total (response rate of 85.8 %), 506 respondents were selected as the final research subjects, excluding 153 respondents whose responses were incomplete. The survey was composed of questionnaires related to general characteristics, work-related characteristics, shift work, shift type, and depression level. The Korean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the subjects’ depression level. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with depression as a dependent variable and shift type as an independent variable after relevant general and work-related characteristics were adjusted to examine the relationship between shift type and depression.

Results

After adjustment for relevant general and work-related characteristics, hotel workers had a significantly higher likelihood of belonging to the depression group than those with a fixed day shift, across all three shift types: rotating day shift (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.05–4.61), rotating night shift (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.11–6.24), and fixed night shift (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI = 1.02–11.74).

Conclusions

The results showed that shift work was significantly related to depression in hotel workers and the risk of depression clearly differed among shift types. In particular, fixed night shift workers were most vulnerable to depression. Rotating day shift workers without night work could also have a higher risk of depression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Implication of Sleep and Food Intake Pattern on the Depressive Status of the Female Shift Workers Engaged in Two-Shift System
Piya Majumdar, Ana Adan, Subhashis Sahu
Sleep and Vigilance.2023; 7(2): 195. CrossRef
Effects of Long Working Hours and Night Work on Subjective Well-Being Depending on Work Creativity and Task Variety, and Occupation: The Role of Working-Time Mismatch, Variability, Shift Work, and Autonomy
Min-Gwan Shin, Yoon-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyoung Kim, Dongmug Kang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(12): 6371. CrossRef
Sleep Duration Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Work-Life Interference and Depressive Symptoms in Australian Men and Women from the North West Adelaide Health Study
Layla J. Bunjo, Amy C. Reynolds, Sarah L. Appleton, Jill Dorrian, Céline Vetter, Tiffany K. Gill, Robert J. Adams
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2021; 28(1): 29. CrossRef
Sox2 Ablation in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Perturbs Anxiety- and Depressive-like Behaviors
Nicholas A. Boehler, Samuel W. Fung, Sara Hegazi, Arthur H. Cheng, Hai-Ying Mary Cheng
Neurology International.2021; 13(4): 541. CrossRef
The Association Between Shift Work And Affective Disorders: A Systematic Review
Teresa C. D’Oliveira, Antonio Anagnostopoulos
Chronobiology International.2021; 38(2): 182. CrossRef
The impact of shift work on sleep and mental health – a review of the literature and a look ahead
Meta Lavrič, Vita Štukovnik
Psihološka obzorja / Horizons of Psychology.2021; : 153. CrossRef
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
William H. Walker, James C. Walton, A. Courtney DeVries, Randy J. Nelson
Translational Psychiatry.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between sleep pattern and depression in Chinese shift workers: A mediating role of emotional exhaustion
Yixin Hu, Zhaoxiang Niu, Lejiao Dai, Rebecca Maguire, Zhaobiao Zong, Yu Hu, Dawei Wang
Australian Journal of Psychology.2020; 72(1): 68. CrossRef
Exploring the associations between shift work disorder, depression, anxiety and sick leave taken amongst nurses
Lauren A. Booker, Tracey L. Sletten, Pasquale K. Alvaro, Maree Barnes, Allison Collins, Ching Li Chai‐Coetzer, Aqsa Naqvi, Marcus McMahon, Steven W. Lockley, Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam, Mark E. Howard
Journal of Sleep Research.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of work schedule on prospective antidepressant prescriptions in Sweden: a 2-year sex-stratified analysis using national drug registry data
Amy L Hall, Göran Kecklund, Constanze Leineweber, Philip Tucker
BMJ Open.2019; 9(1): e023247. CrossRef
Examining Exposure Assessment in Shift Work Research: A Study on Depression Among Nurses
Amy L Hall, Renée-Louise Franche, Mieke Koehoorn
Annals of Work Exposures and Health.2018; 62(2): 182. CrossRef
The relationship between shift work and mental health among electronics workers in South Korea: A cross-sectional study
Mo-Yeol Kang, Ho-Jang Kwon, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Chung-Won Kang, Hyunjoo Kim, Suxia Li
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(11): e0188019. CrossRef
A Study on the Health Consciousness and Eating Habits of the Workers at Deluxe Hotel according to the working department
이은정, kimjuyeon
FoodService Industry Journal.2017; 13(3): 137. CrossRef
The Effect of Morningness-Eveningness on Shift Work Nurses: Sleep Quality, Depressive Symptoms and Occupational Stress
Gil Sang Yoo, Tae Won Kim
Sleep Medicine Research.2017; 8(1): 39. CrossRef

69 View
0 Download
11 Web of Science
14 Crossref

Author index