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Exposure Level of Trichloroethylene in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Due to Occupational Exposure: 3 Case Reports and a Review of Other Cases
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Sun Wung Lee, Eun A Kim, Dae Sung Kim, Dong hee Koh, Seong Kyu Kang, Byung Kyu Kim, Min Ki Kim
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):132-146. Published online June 30, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.132
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been reported to be related to severe generalized exfoliative dermatitis frequently accompanied by toxic hepatitis. The measurements of environmental exposure were limited in the previous case reports and the reported exposure values were also diverse. We reviewed three cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with TCE. The work environment was measured by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) after the cases occurred. From the study results, we intended to clarify the relationship between TCE exposure level and Stevens- Johnson syndrome. CASE REPORT: Case 1. A 24-year-old Filipino female worker developed a skin rash 35 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic hepatitis. She died of hepatic failure 39 days after the onset of the first symptom. She had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 22.0 to 32.3 ppm (personal exposure level) with TWA. Case 2. A 47-year-old Korean male worker developed a skin rash, 20 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. He was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic hepatitis and sepsis. He died of hepatic failure and sepsis 42 days after the onset of the first symptom. He had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 30.1 ppm (personal exposure level) and 116.5~229.7 ppm (area exposure level close to the degreasing machine) with TWA. Case 3. A 22-yearold Vietnamese female worker developed a skin rash 30 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic hepatitis. Her symptoms improved and she was discharged 37 days after the onset of the first symptom. She had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 107.2 ppm (personal exposure level) with TWA. DISCUSSION These three case reports and the previously reported cases indicated that the majority of people susceptible to TCE develops Stevens-Johnson syndrome after high-level TCE exposure (above the TWA occupational exposure limit of 50 ppm). Therefore, work environmental survey and improvements to the TCE degreasing process are essential to prevent high exposure. Furthermore, considering the consistency of the latency period in symptoms and the possibility of sensitization in low-level exposure, we recommend that the first specific health examination also should be conducted 1 month after workers have commenced working.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Occupational Inhalation Health Risk Assessment of TCE Exposure in the Korean Manufacturing Industry
Sueji Seo, Saemi Shin, Sanghoon Byeon Applied Sciences.2024; 14(13): 5510. CrossRef - A case report of toxic hepatitis caused by chloroform in automotive parts manufacturer coating process
Jong Hyun Hwang, Jung Il Kim Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Should Be Considered When Diagnosing DRESS Syndrome
Young Joong Kang, Jihye Lee, Jungho Ahn, Soonwoo Park, Mu Young Shin, Hye Won Lee Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Acute Occupational Poisoning in Korea
Hyunjoo Kim, Jia Ryu The Ewha Medical Journal.2016; 39(4): 99. CrossRef - Late-onset trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity syndrome after intermittent exposure to low-dose trichloroethylene
Seung Yun Lee, Se Hwan Oh, Hyuck Jae Choi, Woo Young Choi, Jee Young Han, Hong-Lyeol Lee, Cheol-Woo Kim Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2016; 4(2): 145. CrossRef - Compensation for Work-Related Hematologic, Liver, and Infectious Diseases
Jung-Won Kim, Dong-Mug Kang Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S66. CrossRef - Occupational Hepatic Disorders in Korea
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Tae Woo Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S36. CrossRef - Extensive changes to occupational exposure limits in Korea
Jee Yeon Jeong, Sangjun Choi, Young Lim Kho, Pan Gyi Kim Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.2010; 58(2): 345. CrossRef - Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef - Current status of liver diseases in Korea: Toxic and alcoholic liver diseases
Kyung-Ah Kim The Korean Journal of Hepatology.2009; 15(Suppl 6): S29. CrossRef
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A Case-study of a Plastering and Waterproof Worker Suffering from Silicosis and Lung Cancer
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Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Heui Jo, Byung kyu Kim
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):153-159. Published online June 30, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.153
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Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
We report on a case-study of a silicosis sufferer with lung cancer, who was exposed to cement dust through plastering and waterproof work in the construction industry. METHODS We reviewed his personal history including employment, medical record and estimated level of carcinogenic materials in the work place in order to evaluate the possible source of his lung cancer. RESULTS The patient was a non-smoker and there was no family history of lung cancer. His medical record did not reveal anything of concern. He was exposed to cement dust while he had worked for 20 years as a plasterer and waterproof worker. After complaining of chest pain, he was examined and subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer (RUL, adenocarcinoma; cT4N2M1). He was treated in a hospital for 3 months before passing away. Radiological evaluation by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed micronodules with a profusion category 1 (p/p, 1/1) in the perilymphatic distribution, which indicated silicosis. Small amounts of cement dust which included silica was identified by environmental evaluation of his work place. He never worked with asbestos related material, which was confirmed by HRCT examination. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the patient's silicosis with lung cancer was an occupational-caused disease due to exposure to cement dust.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Analysis of Cost Benefit Related to Appointing a Health Care Manager in the Construction Industry
Hye-Sun Jung, Jee-Seon Yi, In-Jae Shin, Eun-Hi Choi Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(2): 130. CrossRef - Assessment for the Physiological Workload of Warterproof Workers
Tae-Kyung Lim, Sang-Min Park, Dong-Eun Lee Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction.2015; 31(6): 33. CrossRef - Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
Kyung-Taek Rim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379. CrossRef - Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea
Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94. CrossRef
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