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The Effects of Smoking and Drinking on Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels: Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Boram Lee, Jaehyeok Ha
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):31-41. Published online March 31, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.31
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 Abstract
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- OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of smoking and drinking on blood lead and cadmium levels based on a dose-response relationship in the general Korean adult population.
METHODS
The study population consisted of 1,901 Koreans, who took part in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in which blood lead and cadmium levels were measured. Geometric mean concentrations and their 95% confidence intervals of metals in blood were estimated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
We observed a statistically significant dose-response relationship with daily smoking amount/alcohol intake and blood lead/cadmium levels. While daily smoking amount was more consistent with blood cadmium level (0.1-0.2 microg/L per 5 cigarettes), blood lead concentrations were higher as daily alcohol intake increased (0.1-0.2 microg/dL per 10 gram of alcohol).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings clearly support a relationship between daily smoking amount/alcohol intake and blood lead/cadmium levels, suggesting an additional reason towards efforts to reduce smoking and drinking habits.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Association between Suicidal Ideation and Blood Cadmium Levels Based on the 3rd to 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Sunmi Kim
STRESS.2024; 32(1): 46. CrossRef - Association between Atopic Dermatitis and Hyperuricemia in the Adult Korean Population based on the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sunmi Kim
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 23(4): 198. CrossRef - Relationship between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Hyperuricemia Based on the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sunmi Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Geriatrics.2023; 24(3): 104. CrossRef - Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals using Exposure Biomarkers among Residents Living Near a Chungcheongnam-do Province Industrial Complex Area
Yosub Joo, Sangchul Roh
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2016; 42(3): 213. CrossRef - Health Effect and Blood Lead Concentration among Residents in Gwangyang and Yeosu
Heejin Park, Myung-Kyu Park, Tack-Shin Kang, Geun-Bae Kim, Jong-Wha Lee, Bong-Ki Jang, Bu-Soon Son
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2016; 42(3): 205. CrossRef - Association of among alcohol consumption and blood vitamin D and lead concentrations: Based on 2010-2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
Ho-Ki An, Jae-Yong Park, Hee-Jung Yoon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 498. CrossRef - Association between secondhand smoke exposure and blood lead and cadmium concentration in community dwelling women: the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012)
Se Young Jung, Suyeon Kim, Kiheon Lee, Ju Young Kim, Woo Kyung Bae, Keehyuck Lee, Jong-Soo Han, Sarah Kim
BMJ Open.2015; 5(7): e008218. CrossRef - Simultaneous Exposure to Heavy Metals among Residents in the Industrial Complex: Korean National Cohort Study
Heejin Park, Kyoungho Lee, Chan-Seok Moon, Kyungsook Woo, Tack-Shin Kang, Eun-Kyung Chung, Bu-Soon Son
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2015; 12(6): 5905. CrossRef - A Study on Concentrations of Heavy Metal in Blood and Urine of Local Area in Korea
Ji-Young Im, Eun-Kyung Chung, Hee-Jin Park, Seungdo Yu, Bong-Ki Jang, Bu-Soon Son
Journal of Environmental Science International.2013; 22(1): 59. CrossRef - Smoking Prevalence and the Association between Smoking and Sociodemographic Factors Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2008 to 2010
Sungroul Kim
Tobacco Use Insights.2012; 5: TUI.S9841. CrossRef - The association of heavy metals in blood, fish consumption frequency, and risk of cardiovascular diseases among Korean adults: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2010)
Ji-Ye Shin, Ji-Myung Kim, Yuri Kim
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(4): 347. CrossRef
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The Relation between Employees' Lifestyle and Their Health Status in an Electronics Research and Development Company
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Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Won Seon Choi, Seong Eun Jo, Boram Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Kang Sook Lee, Chung Yill Park
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):1-9. Published online March 31, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.1
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Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
An unhealthy lifestyle is the most important cause of lifestyle-induced illness (diabetes, hypertension, liver enzyme abnormality, dyslipidemia etc.). This study was carried out to evaluate that relation between employees' lifestyle and their health status in a Korean electronic research and development company.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey. 3,041 consecutive workers in a Korean R&D company were enrolled in this study. A checkup list for the health examination (from the National Health Insurance Coperation), which contained the information on the lifestyle, and the results of the health examination, which contained information on the body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and liver function tests (LFT, AST, ALT, gamma-GTP) and cholesterol profiles (total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL) were done for all the subjects. We evaluated the health profile as normal or abnormal. Statistical analysis of the health profiles and the lifestyle of the employees' was performing by using multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of 'excessive alcohol drinking' was 52.9% (n=1,610), that for 'lack of exercise' was 86.2% (n=2,662), that for 'meat eating' 12.2% (n=370) and that for 'current smoker' was 31.3% (n=952). According to results of health examination, the prevalence of obesity was 27.1% (n=824), hypertension was 7.1% (n=215), diabetes was 1.0% (n=30), abnormal LFT was 15.4% (n=469) and dyslipidemia was 18.7% (n=569). On multiple logistic regression analysis of the health profile and lifestyle, 'meat eating' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), dyslipidemia (LDL). 'Excessive alcohol drinking' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (gamma-GTP). 'Lack of exercise' was related to dyslipidemia (HDL). 'Current smoker' was related to obesity, diabetes, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), and dyslipidemia (TG, HDL) with statistically significance.
CONCLUSIONS
For workers in the R&D company, an unhealthy lifestyle (such as diet, alcohol drinking, lack of exercise and smoking) were related to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, abnormal LFT and dyslipidemia. Therefore health promotion is necessary for the young employees of an Korean R&D company.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Dietary Life, Vitamin D Status and Blood Clinical Indices of University Laboratory Workers
Jung Hyun Hwang, Hong Mie Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 245. CrossRef - Influence of Health Behaviors and Occupational Stress on Prediabetic State among Male Office Workers
Hosihn Ryu, Jihyeon Moon, Jiyeon Jung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(6): 1264. CrossRef - Association of Resilience and Depression with Self-care Competence in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Youngrye Park, Eun Hee Jang, Ji Ok Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(5): 555. CrossRef - Diabetes, Returning to Work, and Your Rights for Health
Yu Jeong Park
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(1): 53. CrossRef - Investigation of Healthy Life Practices among Korean Males and Females in relation to Dyslipidemia Using data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun-Hee Lee, GyeongAe Seomun
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(1): 327. CrossRef - The Relationship between Lifestyle and Health Status among White Collar Workers in a Community
Ji-Min Lee, Young-Sook Kwon, Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(8): 411. CrossRef - The Factors related to Dyslipidemia and Hypertension among Male Office Workers
Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(4): 432. CrossRef - Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community
Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(2): 236. CrossRef - Developing a Questionnaire to Assess Exposure to Food-Borne Hazards
Sangah Shin, Seul Ki Choi, Hyemi Kim, Kyung Youn Lee, Sanghee Shin, Jung Won Lee, Soo Hyun Yu, Hye-Soen Nam, Hae-Jung Yoon, Hyojee Joung
The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2011; 44(1): 61. CrossRef - Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome among Male Workers in an Electronics Research and Development Company
Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung-Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(5): 331. CrossRef
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