Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Association between urinary trans,trans-muconic acid and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015–2017): Eun Hye Yang, Do Jin Nam, Hyo Choon Lee, Soon Su Shin, Jae-Hong Ryoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e35. Published online December 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e35

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Benzene is a ubiquitous air pollutant that is well known to cause hematopoietic effects in humans including leukemia. Recently, several studies have discussed its non-carcinogenic effects such as diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between diabetes and urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), one of benzene metabolite, using adult data from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015–2017).

Methods

This study analyzed 3,777 adults (1,645 men and 2,132 women) from the KoNEHS cycle 3 (2015–2017). The distribution and fraction of each independent variable were presented separately according to the urinary benzene metabolite levels (t,t-MA quartiles) and diabetes to determine the general characteristics of the subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression after stratification by gender and smoking status to identify the association between urinary t,t-MA and diabetes.

Results

Compared with the first quartile (reference), the risk of diabetes significantly increased above the 4th (1.834 [1.107–3.039]) quartile in men and above the 3rd (1.826 [1.095–3.044]) and 4th (2.243 [1.332–3.776]) quartiles in women after adjustment. Stratified analysis based on smoking revealed that the ORs for the 3rd (1.847 [1.146–2.976]) and 4th (1.862 [1.136–3.052]) quartiles in non-smokers and those for the 2nd (1.721 [1.046–2.832]), 3rd (1.797 [1.059–3.050]), and 4th (2.546 [1.509–4.293]) quartiles in smokers were significantly higher.

Conclusions

We confirmed that urinary t,t-MA is significantly associated with diabetes regardless of gender and smoking status. And further studies are necessary to access the clinical impacts of this findings.

소변 내 뮤콘산 농도와 당뇨의 연관성 : 제 3기 국민환경보건기초조사(2015-2017)를 이용한 단면연구
목적
본 연구는 일반인구집단을 대상으로 환경적인 벤젠 노출과 당뇨와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 제 3기 국민환경보건기초조사 성인 데이터를 이용하여 벤젠 대사물질 중 하나인 소변 내 뮤콘산의 농도와 당뇨와의 관계를 알아보았다.
방법
제 3기 국민환경보건기초조사 성인 3,777명(남성 1,645명, 여성 2,132명)을 분석하였다. 대상자의 일반적인 특성을 확인하기 위해 각 독립변수의 분포 및 분율을 소변 내 뮤콘산 농도(사분위수)와 당뇨유무에 따라 제시하였다. 소변 내 뮤콘산 농도와 당뇨와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 성별과 흡연으로 각각 층화 후 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 오즈비를 구하였다.
결과
보정 후, 남성은 제 4사분위 구간 1.834(1.106-3.039), 여성은 제 3사분위 구간 1.825(1.095-3.044), 제 4사분위 구간 2.241(1.331-3.773)에서 오즈비가 유의하게 증가하였으며, 소변 내 뮤콘산 농도가 증가할수록 당뇨위험이 증가하는 경향성을 보였다. 흡연으로 층화 후 분석한 결과 비흡연자의 경우 제 3분위수 1.847(1.146-2.976), 제 4분위수 1.861(1.135-3.050), 흡연자의 경우 제 2분위수 1.721(1.046-2.832), 제 3분위수 1.796(1.058-3.048), 제 4분위수 2.544(1.509-4.291)가 보정 후 통계적으로 유의하였다.
결론
본 연구에서 벤젠 대사체인 소변 내 뮤콘산 농도가 성별과 흡연 상태에 관계없이 당뇨와 유의하게 관련이 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 추후 환경적인 벤젠 노출에 대한 당뇨 연관성에 대하여 연구가 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association Between Benzene and Other Volatile Organic Compounds Exposure and Diabetes Mellitus Among Korean Adults: Findings from the Nationwide Biomonitoring Data
Seong-Uk Baek, Minseo Choi, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Exposure and Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Distribution of volatile organic compounds by distance from industrial complexes and potential health impact on the residents
A Ram Kim, Jin-Hee Bang, Sunghee Lee, Chang Sun Sim, Yangho Kim, Jiho Lee
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Association of Urinary Benzene Metabolite and the Ratio of Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2018–2020)
Seungju Baek, Eunjung Park, Eun Young Park
Toxics.2023; 11(12): 985. CrossRef
Exploration of an Area with High Concentrations of Particulate Matter and Biomonitoring Survey of Volatile Organic Compounds among the Residents
Hyunji Ju, Seungho Lee, Jae-Hee Min, Yong-Sik Hwang, Young-Seoub Hong
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2023; 49(6): 344. CrossRef
Association of metabolites of benzene and toluene with lipid profiles in Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015–2017)
Soon Su Shin, Eun Hye Yang, Hyo Choon Lee, Seong Ho Moon, Jae-Hong Ryoo
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Urinary Hippuric Acid and trans,trans-Muconic Acid Levels According to Commuting Mode and Duration, Residential Environment, and Intake of Preservative-Added Foods and Beverages in University Students: Kyoung Mee Kim, Sang Yong Eom, Dong Hyuk Yim, Sun In Moon, Yong Dae Kim, Heon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):61-71. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.61

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Automobile exhaust gases contain benzene and toluene, which are excreted in human urine as trans,trans-muconic acid and hippuric acid, respectively. Sorbic acid and benzoic acid, used as food preservatives, are also metabolized into trans,trans-muconic acid and hippuric acid in the human body. The purpose of this study is to estimate the level of benzene and toluene exposure according to the commuting mode and duration, residential environment, and preservative-added foods intake in university students who are not occupationally exposed to benzene or toluene.
METHODS
Spot urine samples were collected from 211 university students who had no occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds. Information about their smoking history, residence type, traffic environments, commuting mode and duration, and their intake of bottled or canned food or beverages was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. Urinary concentrations of trans,trans-muconic acid and hippuric acid were measured and statistically correlated to the individual's life style factors.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the urinary concentrations of trans,trans-muconic acid or hippuric acid according to the smoking history. Mean urinary concentration of hippuric acid in females was higher than that found in males. Subjects living in districts with a population density of 1,000~4,999 people/km2 showed the highest urinary hippuric acid level; individuals living in cities of 5,000~9,999 people/km2 population density were next. The mean urinary trans,trans-muconic acid concentration was higher in students who were living where traffic jams are common compared to those who did not, and in subjects whose residence were within 149 m from a 4-lane road compared to those whose residence was not. However, neither mode nor duration of the commute showed any effect on the urinary trans,trans-muconic acid or hippuric acid concentrations of the students. Urinary hippuric acid levels increased when consuming canned fruit or canned coffee, and urinary trans,trans-muconic acid levels increased when consuming fruit juices or pickled radishes.
CONCLUSIONS
The inhalation of vehicle exhaust and the ingestion of canned or pickled food may increase urinary hippuric acid and trans,trans-muconic acid levels in individuals who are not occupationally exposed to benzene or toluene.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metal Exposure Concentrations and Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites among Residents in the Affected Area According to Residential Distance from a Coal-fired Power Plant
Jee Hyun Rho, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Jung-Yeon Kwon, Hyunji Ju, Na-Young Kim, Hyoun Ju Lim, Seungho Lee, Byeng-Chul Yu, Suejin Kim, Young-Seoub Hong
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2024; 50(1): 25. CrossRef
Association of Urinary Benzene Metabolite and the Ratio of Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2018–2020)
Seungju Baek, Eunjung Park, Eun Young Park
Toxics.2023; 11(12): 985. CrossRef
Concentration of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in ambient air and level of residents in industrial area
Kyungsook Woo, Heejin Park, Tackshin Kang, Geunbae Kim, Junmin Jeon, Bongki Jang, Jongwha Lee, Busoon Son
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(1): 104. CrossRef

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