OBJECTIVE: We studied two districts in Korea in order to investigate if the frequency of fish consumption has an effect on the blood mercury levels. METHODS This survey was conducted on 164 fishing district residents in Geoje city and 219 agricultural district residents in Changwon city from July to August in 2008. The data on the demographic characteristics, the living environment, lifestyle habits and the frequency of fish consumption was collected by interviewers. We used ANOVA to estimate the particular relevance between the frequency of fish consumption and the blood mercury concentration, and other various factors. RESULTS The mean total blood mercury level was 6.54+/-4.01 microgram/L for the total study population. Our results were even higher than that of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (USA) in, 2001~2002 and the German Environmental Survey in, 1998. In this study, there was a significant difference for the frequency of eating fish between the groups. (p<0.01, The level of the groups that ate fish 3 to 4 times per week was significantly higher as compared with the level of the other groups that ate fish 2 to 3 times per month and 1 to 2 times per week, respectively). As the frequency of fish consumption increased, so did the blood mercury concentration. CONCLUSIONS We found that the blood mercury concentration increases along with fish consumption and this was statistically significant and this fact reveals that fish consumption is positively related to the blood levels of mercury. Accordingly, we need systematic and periodic research on the general population to prevent mercury poisoning, which can be caused by low-level mercury exposure from dietary intake such as chronic fish consumption.
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OBJECTIVES To determine how extended high frequency is affected by noise exposure and other factors that maybe have adverse effects. METHODS Pure tone audiometry for usual frequencies (250-8000 Hz) and extended high frequencies (1000-16000 Hz) was conducted for 331 workers at a manufacturing company from 2004 to 2005. History of noise exposure, military service, tinnitus, alcohol drinking, smoking, ear diseases, and noisy hobbies were taken by interview. T-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression was conducted according to the frequency to evaluate the factors that could affect extended high frequency hearing. RESULTS The noise-exposed group had significantly poorer hearing than the noise-unexposed in the frequency range 2000-16000 Hz. The hearing deteriorated with increasing age through all the frequencies. High frequency hearing of 14000 Hz was significantly worse in the noise-exposed group in their 30s. Noise exposure during military service had a bad effect on hearing, especially for the noise-unexposed group. Tinnitus was associated with poorer hearing in both noise-exposed and noise-unexposed groups. Workers with noisy hobbies exhibited better hearing in the noise-unexposed group, contrary to our expectation. Extended high-frequency hearing was affected by aging, ear protection, and noisy hobbies. In extended high frequency, 14000 Hz was especially related with noise exposure history. CONCLUSIONS Extended high frequency, especially 14000 Hz, could be used as an indicator of noiseinduced hearing loss and should be considered as a screening test for workers in noisy environments.
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OBJECTIVES Work-related upper extremity disorders of the tendons, nerves, and musdes associated with. repetitive motion represent an increasing proportion of occupational illnesses, medical services, and workers' compensation costs. Severe local muscle fatigue may be a precursor of repetition strain injuries. The demand for objective and quantitative assessment of local muscle fatigue is now increasing. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of power spectral analysis of individual muscle as one of the objective spectral parameters in quantification of local muscle fatigue. METHODS From 10 normal male without neuromuscular dysfuction, motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) of three muscles (upper trapezius, infraspinatus, and anterior deltoid) of left shoulder girdle were obtained. The surface electrodes were used and the changes of power spectrum according to frequency components were calculated per minute during the keyboard task for 30-minute period by power spectral analysis of MUAPs signal. RESULTS There was a linear relationship between median frequency (MF) and time flow in the upper trapezius muscle, however the same was not observed in other muscles. The MF slope of the upper trapezius muscle showed a decline of the MF over time and reflected the fatigue rate. Other spectral parameters, such as mean frequency and total power were not significantly correlated to time flow during the keyboard task in all three muscles. And no significant correlation was observed between keying rate and slope of median frequency of upper trapezius muscle. CONCLUSIONS Above results suggested that the power spectral analysis on median frequency in upper trapezius muscle would be useful in quantification of local muscle fatigue during the keyboard task and local muscle fatigue of shoulder was affected by static posture, not by keying rate.
Both to determine testing frequency in bone vibrator of audiometer for measurement of vibration perception threshold(VPT) and to evaluate factors influencing VPT, ninty seven healthy adults were tested on their second metacarpal head of both hands, at 250Hz, 500Hz, 1,000Hz and so on.
Measures of the VPTs at 1,000Hz were excluded in analysis because frequency 1,000Hz was not recognized as a vibration sense. Mean and standard deviation(S.D.) of the VPTs in the both hands measured at 250Hz were 19.9+/-6.7dB, 21.0+/-7.3dB, respectively and at 500Hz were 33.6+/-8.3dB, 34.9+/-8.1dB, respectively. Both mean and S.D. tended to be lower at 250Hz than 500Hz, and mean differences of VPTs between the left and the right hand at the both frequencies appeared statistically significant (p<0.01).
VPTs were significantly correlated with each other (p<0.01). Age was positively correlated(p<0.001) with VPTs and education was negatively(p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that age was the only factor influenced on VPT.
These results suggest that, when using the bone vibrator of audiometer for measurement of VPT, the frequency 250Hz as a testing frequency may be more useful than frequency 500Hz, and VPT should be measured on both hands.