Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Young Lim

24 Articles

A Case of Caplan's Syndrome with Silicosis: Jun Pyo Myong, Kyeong Yeon Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):160-164. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.160

BACKGROUND
Caplan originally described a condition, now reffered to as Caplan's syndrome or Caplan's disease, where progressive massive fibrosis was exhibited by coal miners with multiple pulmonary nodules, and rheumatoid arthritis. This syndrome is very rare in Korea.
CASE
REPORT: The patient was a 49-year old male, with occupational history as a stonemason for 25 years. Silicosis was diagnosed by chest X-ray, while rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed by immunological examination. Caplan's syndrome was confirmed based on these findings, occupational history, and clinical symptoms.
DISCUSSION
The authors report on the patient's Caplan's syndrome, with a particular focus on his silicosis.

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Overlap syndrome with Sjögren’s syndrome and systemic sclerosis in a steel rolling mill worker: a case report
Min-Kee Yi, Won-Jun Choi, Sung-Woo Han, Seng-Ho Song, Dong-Hoon Lee, Sun Young Kyung, Sang-Hwan Han
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case of Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis Presenting with Pleuritis and Pericarditis
Myung Soo Park, Dae Gil Kang, Eun Ju Jung, Ki Jong Oh, Jong Seop Sim, Eun Jung Kim, Changhwan Kim
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 84(3): 428. CrossRef
A Case of Caplan's Syndrome Presenting as Acute Onset Polyarthritis
Han Hee Ryu, Sung Hae Chang, Hye Won Kim, Kichul Shin, Eun Bong Lee, Jae Joon Yim, Yeong Wook Song
Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2011; 18(1): 36. CrossRef

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Activity of Telomerase in Coal Worker's Autopsied Lung: Jin Suk Chung, Hae Yun Nam, Byoung Yong Ahn, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):347-352. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.347

Abstract PDF: OBJECT: We measured the activity of telomerase in coal workers lung tissue and found a significant increase in telomerase activity compared to the control group. Pneumoconiosis has the characteristics of fibroblast proliferation and the accumulation of collagen,thus finally causing the pathologic changes,which lead to the irreversible and progressive fibrosis of the lungs. We hypothesized that this cellular proliferation causing irreversible fibrosis may induce some elongation of the life cycle in the chromosomes and lead to further cellular immortalization.
METHOD
8 postmortem(within 24 hours)pneumo-coniotic cases were examined and their telomerase activity was compared with that of the autopsied lungs of lung cancer patients and of accident victims without any respiratory diseases. Using the extracted ribo-nucleoprotein from pneumoconiotic nodules, telomeric repeat amplification assay (TRAP)was done.
RESULT
The pneumoconiotic lungs showed strong telomerase activity, similar to that of the lung cancer patients, while the control group showed no such activity.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, we found that coal dust-induced cellular proliferation affects telomerase-activity clinically.

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The Role of TNFalpha Gene Promoter Polymorphism in the Development of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis: Byoung Yong Ahn, Kyoung Ah Kim, Hae Yun Nam, Je Hyeok Mun, Jin Sook Jeoung, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):117-123. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.117

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was performed in order to investigate the frequency of the TNF2 allele in patients with coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP).
METHODS
We compared the genotype distribution of TNFalpha gene promoter polymorphism between 80 CWP patients and 54 healthy controls.
RESULTS
The results were as follows : 1. The rare allele TNF2 was significantly more frequent in CWP patients (20.6 %) than in controls (10.2 %). 2. The spontaneous or LPS-induced release of TNFalpha from the peripheral monocytes was slightly increased in the TNF2 group, but these values were not significantly different between groups. 3. In the CWP TNF2 group, the increase of LPS-induced TNFalpha release was significant in comparison with that of the controls.
CONCLUSIONS
From the above results, we suggest that the TNF2 allele is strongly associated with susceptibility to CWP development.

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Effect of Human Immunoglobulin G in Pneumoconiotic Patients with Pneumonia: Je Hyuk Mun, Jin Suk Chung, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Ho Woo Nam, Joong Soo Han; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):134-142. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.134

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
It is well known that pneumoconiotic patients experience impairments of macrophage function, as well as poor penetration of drugs into the fibrotic nodules and the immune system. Resultantly, pneumonia is frequently involved in pneumoconiotic patients and its treatment is not easy. Therefore, we conducted a clinical evaluation of immunoglobulin G which is known to be effective in severe infectious diseases.
METHODS
We randomly selected 45 pneumoconiotic patients with pneumonia and classified them into 2 groups. The experimental group (IgG group) was scheduled to receive antibiotics and IgG (5 g I.V./day for 7 days). The control group was treated with antibiotics alone. Sputum gram stain (counts of WBCs and microorganisms), body temperature, arterial oxygen tension, and counts of peripheral venous blood leukocytes and band neutrophils were used as markers to assess the response effect therapy at time periods of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after completion of therapy. We compared the clinical scores between the two groups.
RESULTS
The experimental IgG treated group was composed of 27 patients, and the control group comprised 18 patients. There was no statistical differences between two groups in terms of age, pneumoconiotic profusion, impairment degree of pulmonary function, or frequency of pathogen isolation in the sputum before medication. The experimental IgG treated group showed lower clinical scores as compared with the control group (p=0.083).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that IgG infusion with antibiotics will have an effect on pneumonia therapy in pneumoconiosis patients that are under 60 years and exhibit simple pneumoconiosis.

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Autoregulation of Quartz-induced iNOS by iNOS-derived Hydrogen Peroxide in Rat2 Fibroblast: Kyoung Ah Kim, Hae Yun Nam, Je Hyeok Mun, Jin Sook Jeong, Young Lim, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):385-392. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.385

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was performed in order to investigate the molecular mechanism regulating nitric oxide synthase(NOS) induced by alpha-quartz in Rat2 fibroblast.
METHODS
alpha-quartz-induced nitric oxide(NO) and H2O2 formation and alpha- quartz-induced iNOS protein expression in Rat2 fibroblast were monitored. With iNOS inhibitor(L-N6- (1-iminoethyl)lysine hydrochloride, L-NIL) or antioxidant(catalase), we observed NO and H2O2 formation and iNOS protein expression in Rat2 fibroblast stimulated with alpha-quartz.
RESULTS
alpha-quartz stimulated iNOS-induced NO and H2O2 formation in Rat2 fibroblast. L-NIL inhibited H2O2 formation and iNOS protein expression by alpha-quartz in Rat2 fibroblast. Pretreatment with catalase blocked the autoinhibitory pathway of iNOS by iNOSinduced H2O2, therefore H2O2 and NO production and iNOS protein expression were increased in Rat2 fibrobalst stimulated with alpha-quartz CONCLUSIONS: alpha-quartz-induced iNOS stimulated H2O2 formation in Rat2 fibroblast. INOS-induced H2O2 by alpha-quartz plays an important role in the autoinhibition pathway for regulating the iNOS function in Rat2 fibroblast

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Autoproliferation of Fibroblast by Exposure to Crystalline Silica - Evaluation by H2O2 and PDGF-AA and TGF beta: Byoung Young Ahn, Kyoung Ah Kim, Je Hyeok Mun, Jin Sook Jeong, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):209-217. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.209

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to find out the activity of autoproliferation of ratfibroblast exposed to crystalline silica and the role of mediators secreted from rat fibroblast.
METHODS
The effect of alpha-quartz on production of growth factor (platelet-derived growth factor-AA and transforming growth factor beta)from rat fibroblasts were evaluated by ELISA and immunocytochemical analysis. Gene expression of these growth factors in rat fibrobast exposed to crystalline silica was evaluated by RT-PCR. Furthermore, fibroblast proliferation by culture supernatant of rat fibroblast was assayed by the neutral red test.
RESULTS
The amounts of H2O2 and growth factors synthesized in rat fibroblasts were significantly increased by the stimulation of crystalline silica(alpha-quartz), which showed the dose-dependent manner to the concentration of alpha-quartz with the maximum response at the dosage of 100 microgram/cm2. The result of RT-PCR demonstrated that alpha-quartz induced gene expression of PDGF-AA and TGFbeta in rat fibroblast. We also found that supernatant of alpha-quartz-cocultured rat fibroblast induced a significant proliferation of fibroblast.
CONCLUSION
Crystalline silica directly induce functional change in fibroblast such as increased release of reactive oxygen species and growth factors. The products of these functional change promote fibroblast proliferation via autocrine loop.

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Epidemiologic and Clinical Study on Occupational Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus(HNP) in Lumbar Spine: Comparative Analysis with Non-occupational HNP: Soon Yong Kwon, Seung Koo Rhee, Il Suk Chang, Ji Hong Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):277-291. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.277

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of study was to define the clinical and epidemiological factors of HNP and to provide the meaningful sources for establishing a prognosis and a rationale for clinical management of occupational low back problem.
METHODS
This study was performed at eight branch hospitals of Catholic University of Korea and several governmental hospitals f or occupational disorders around the Kyunggi province of Korea since Jan. 1985. We analyzed the several factors about lumbar HNP through comparative study of the hospital admission series of each 200 patients in both occupation- and nonoccupation related, subjected to epidemiologic and clinical investigation, respectively.
RESULTS
1. Mean age of occupational HNP was younger(30.9+/-8.8) than non-occupational HNP(35.2+/-10.5) (p<0.05). 2. The duration of clinical symptom before admission was longer in non-occupational HNP(19.9+/-22.8 Mo.) than in occupational HNP(6.9+/-12.4 Mo.) (p<0.05). 3. The symptomatic attack before admission was more frequent in non-occupational HNP(3.7+1.9) than in occupational HNP(2.5+/-0.9) (p<0.05). 4. There were no significant differences in physical findings between two groups, except for low rate(63%) of straight leg raising test(SLR) limitation in occupational HNP compared to non-occupational HNP(83%) (p<0.05). 5. Even though The main reason for operative intervention was a failure of conservative treatment in both groups(p<0.05), extruded subligamentous type was predominant(50%) in occupational HNP(p<0.05), whereas extruded transligamentous type occupied major portion(67.8%) in non-occupational HNP(p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The clinical results were poor in occupational HNP in both conservative and operative management groups, compared to non-occupational HNP(p<0.05) and mean durations admission and re-admission rate was higher in occupational HNP, compared to non-occupational HNP (p<0.05).

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Analysis of Precedents Related to the Lumbar Disc Herniation
Kyeong-Seok Lee, Jae-Jun Shim, Seok-Mann Yoon, Jae-Won Doh, Il-Gyu Yun, Hack-Gun Bae
Korean Journal of Neurotrauma.2012; 8(2): 94. CrossRef

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Reactive Oxygen Species Generation of Refractory Ceramic Fiber and Rock Wool-Induced Alveolar Macrophage and Associated Signal Transduction Pathway: Eun Kyung Kim, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Kyung Sook Yang, Hyun Sook Oh, Kweon Haeng Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):527-533. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.527

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
It is known that the high fibrogenecity of particles is connected with their cytotoxicity for macrophages. Although the molecular mechanism leading to fiber-induced fiber-induced cytotoxicity is still not clear, several mechanism have been suggested. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from activated alveolar macrophages (AM) by dust have been suggested as a possible mechanism of particle-induced cell damage. But the mechanism which man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) induces the production of ROS in AM is still not clear. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from alveolar treated with refractory ceramic fiber (RF2) or rock wool (RW1) and signal transduction path-way of ROS production in RF2 or RW1 exposed AM.
METHODS
We investigated LDH release from MMVF-stimulated AM for index of cytotoxicity. To determine what kind of signal transduction pathways are involved in MMVF-stimulated ROS generation, we used some drugs which have an effect on the signal transduction pathway.
RESULTS
RF2 and RW1 induced increase of LDH release with dose-dependent manner with RF2 having greater effect than RW1. There was a dose-dependent increase in the production of ROS by RF2 or RW1. At all level of concentration,. RF2 induced more ROS production than RW1. Inhibitors of PKC (bisindolylmaleimide), PLC (U73122 and neomycine) and PTK (genistein and erbstatin) suppressed RF2 or RW1-induced ROS production.
CONCLUSION
There was significant correlation between LDH release and ROS production from AM treated with RF2 or RW1. RF2 and RW1 induced ROS generation through protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC) and protein tyrosin kinase (PTK) pathways.

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The Toxicologic effect of TAFMAG on RAW 264.7 cell: Hwang Shin Chang, Kyoung Ah Kim, Eun Kyoung Kim, Jin Ku Han, Ji Hong Kim, Hyun Wook Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(3):340-349. Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.3.340

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxicity of TAFMAG, which is a trade name of natural mineral fiber mined and produced in China.
METHODS
The cytotoxicity of TAFMAG was evaluated by measuring iron content, lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cytotoxicity in vitro. These results were compared with the data of chrystotile and wollastonite as a positive and negative control, respectively.
RESULTS
There was significant increase of Fenton activity in TAFMAG and chrysotile with dose-response pattern. The iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, significantly decreased Fenton activity of the particulates except wollastonite. TAFMAG and chrysotile fibers significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration from lipid peroxidation of the red blood cell membrane. In erythrocyte hemolysis test, TAFMAG & chrysotile had stronger effect on erythrocyte hemolysis than wollastonite with the concentration of 1,000g/ml. Furthermore, TAFMAG was more hemolytic than chrysotile with the concentration of 5.000 g/ml. There was a significant cytotoxic effect in TAFMAG and chrysotile on RAW cell compared with wollastonite.
CONCLUSIONS
In vitro study suggested that TAFMAG may have a similar health hazard as usual asbestos.

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Wollastonite toxicity: an update
L. Daniel Maxim, Ron Niebo, Mark J. Utell, E. E. McConnell, Salvatore LaRosa, Alan M. Segrave
Inhalation Toxicology.2014; 26(2): 95. CrossRef

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Effect of Desferrioxamine on Silica-Induced Cytotoxicity of A549 and Fibroblast Proliferation: Kyoung Ah Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Ji Hong Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):127-136. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.127

Abstract PDF: The inhalation of crystalline silica results in the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Among these ROS, hydroxyl radical( OH) is believed to be the most reactive one. OH is generated in reaction between superoxide and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by transition metal, especially iron. Therefore iron should be important in the bioactivity of crystalline silica. Desferrioxamine, a iron chelator, may be protective in silica-induced pulmonary reaction. To test this assumption we investigated the protective effect of desferrioxamine on lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, cytotoxicity, production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokine and fibroblast proliferation by crystalline silica in vitro model. The results were as follows: 1. Fenton activity of silica and asbestos was significantly higher than that of control. Fenton activity in crocidolite was higher than silica at the same dose. This result correlated with iron content of dust. Fenton activity of silica and crocidolite was decreased by preincubation of silica with desferrioxamine. 2. Silica induced a dose-dependent increase of MIDA concentration in lung epithelial cell lysate dose dependently. Marked decrease of MDA was observed in desferrioxaminetreated silica group compared with untreated group. 3. As concentration of stimulated silica, silica?induced cytotoxicity was increased. There was significant decrease of cytotoxicity in desferrioxamine?treated silica group compared with untreated group. 4. a-quartz augmented the production of TNF-a and IL-8 from A549 cell. While desferrioxa-mine suppressed the release of cytokines. 5. Supernatant of silica-cocultured A549 cell induced a significant proliferation of fibroblast, which desferrioxaime blocked this proliferation. From these result, we concluded that desferrioxamine has a protective effect on silica induced pulmonary reaction.

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Silica Induced Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo: Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Shn Chang, Yung Mann Baag, Byung Yong Ahn, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):206-212. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.206

Abstract PDF: Silica exposure results in acute inflammatory response followed by chronic fibrotic change. The mechanism for the maintenance of silica-induced inflammation has not been understood yet. Apoptosis is a morphologically distinct form of programed cell death that plays major role during homeostasis and in many diseases including cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders. Apoptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and nuclear condensation. To demonstrate the involvement of apoptosis in underlying mechanism for the development of silica-induced pathological changes, this study was designed in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro study, alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) was stimulated with silica and performed flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis. In in vivo study, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done to count the total and apoptotic cells from silica-instilled rats. The results were as follows: 1. Apoptotic cell fraction of silica-treated groups (10 and 50 microgram/cm2) was significantly higher than that of control group. 2. Genomic DNA from silica-treated groups (10 and 50 microgram/cm2 ) showed DNA ladder in agarose gel electrophoresis, while group of 1 microgram/cm2 didn't. 3. Total cell number and apoptotic cell number of BAL fluid from silica-instilled rats (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those of control. 4. Silica induced apoptosis of cells in BAL fluid was confirmed by microscopic observation with nuclear fragmentation. These results suggest that apoptosis may contribute to development of silica-induced pathological changes.

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Aplastic Anemia in a Petrochemical Plant Worker: Young Mann Baak, Yong Hyu Choi, Seong Kyu Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Joung Wook Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):287-292. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.287

Abstract PDF: Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow. Fifty percent of the cases are idiopathic and the rest are caused by various agents including drugs, chemicals, radiation and viruses. It is difficult to link specific etiologic agents, especially chemicals to the development of aplastic anemia because multiple or unknown exposures may be involved in. Benzene, a common industrial chemical and a component of gasoline, may lead progressively to pancytopenia, aplastic anemia and leukemia when exposed. A petrochemical worker with aplastic anemia was referred to our hospital to evaluate a relationship between the job history and the disease. He worked in the petrochemical plant for .21 years and was exposed to low-level benzene. There was not any other etiologic agent except benzene and this is the case report of aplastic anemia which possibly due to benzene exposure.

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Clinical Process and Pulmonary Function of Workers Exposed to Dusts in Manufacturing Industries: Potential Biomarkers of Pneumoconiosis: Kyoung Ah Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Young Lim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Byung Young Ahn, Young Man Park, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):450-462. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.450

Abstract PDF: Alveolitis is believed to be a primary response after dust inhalation. Activated inflammatory cells by dust and their mediators are major participants in the evolution of pneumoconiosis. Therefore evaluation of degree of alveolitis is useful for assessing disease activity and estimating of prognosis in pneumoconiosis. This study focused on the workers with pneumoconiosis who are working and worked in manufacturing industries because the occupying fraction by them among total pneumoconioses patients in our country is increasing recently. In order to identify and validate biomarkers to early diagnosis and better predict for the suceptible workers, the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha ), interleukine-8 (IL-8), platelet-derived growth factor-AA(PDGF-AA) and transforming growth factor-beta TGF beta ) from alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes, their concentration in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid, pulmonary function test and Gallium index of lung were performed on 25 patients with pneumoconiosis who worked in manufactory industries. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. No significant differences were demonstrated between large opacity group and small opacity group, however pulmonary diffusing capacity in large opacity group was significantly lower than that in small opacity group. 2. (67)Gallium index was significantly correlated with increase of category in pnemoconiosis(r=0.83, p<0.05). 3. Numbers of total cells (r=0.583, p<0.05) and alveolar macrophages (r=0.499, p<0.05) in BAL were significantly correlated with the category of pneumoconiosis. 4. Spontaneous (r=0.474, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.463, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha from macrophage, IL-8 (r=0.464, p<0.05) and TGF beta r=0.460, p<0.05) in BAL fluid were significantly correlated with category of pneumoconiosis. 5. Significantly positive correlation was demonstrated between spontaneous (r=0.443, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.573, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha with the category of pneumoconiosis. 6. Release of TNF alpha from alveolar macrophages(r=0.61, p<0.05) and blood monocytes (r=0.48, p<0.05), IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid (r=0.52, p<0.05) and (67)Gallium index (r=0.53, p<0.05) were consider to sensitive biomarkers for alveolitis by dust.

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Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis by Silica, Asbestos and Man-Made Mineral Fibers: Young Lim, Kyoung Ah Kim, Heung Nam Kim, Dong Won Lee, Won Seop Cho, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):641-649. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.641

Abstract PDF

Exposure to various particles and fibers can result in lung inflammation that may progress to fibrosis, even lung cancer for which there is no effective clinical treatment now. The mechanism involved in pulmonary injury has not been well defined ; however, most current evidence implicates a central role for alveolar macrophages (AM) in this process. Also apoptosis or programmed cell death is regarded as a mechanism which is related with the pulmonary fibrosis. We propose that the cytotoxic potential of various particles may be evaluated by measuring lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) from particle co-cultured supernatant and theses particles may induce the characteristics of apoptosis, DNA ladder. We analyzed rat AM culture media which was incubated for 3 days with the same concentration (10 ug/ml) of silica(Si), chrysotile(Ch), crocidolite(Cr), ceramic fiber(CF), rock wool(RW) and glass wool (GW). And each particles (50ug/cm(2)) was incubated with A549 (pneumocyte in tracheal epithelium) cell lines for 24 hours to confirm the DNA ladder. Additionally, silica induced apoptosis in vivo was confirmed by electromicroscopic observation. The results were as follows; 1. Silica, asbestos and man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) co-cultured with AM showed the increase of LDH significantly with the time interval of 24, 48, 72 hours except for ceramic fiber in 48 and 72 hours and crocidolite in 72 hours. 2. Silica, asbestos and man-made mineral fibers (CF, GF) showed the characteristics of apoptosis, DNA ladder, which was induced by incubating A549 cell with each particles for 24 hours in vitro 3. Apoptotic alveolar macrophage was observed the findings of zeiosis (membrane blebbing), condensation of nuclear chromosome and many vacuoles in cytoplasm, electomicroscopically.

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Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
Kyung-Taek Rim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379. CrossRef
The Effects of Air-borne Particulate Matters on the Alveolar Macrophages for the TNF-α and IL-1β Secretion
Tian Zhu Li, Soo-Jin Lee, Se-Jong Park, Byung-Joon Chang, Jong-Hwan Lee, Kil-Soo Kim, Myoung-Heon Lee, Nong-Hoon Choe
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006; 60(5): 554. CrossRef

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Relationship Between Mineral Fiber-Induced Pulmonary Tissue Reaction and MIP-2: Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Dong Won Lee, Heung Nam Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Ji Hong Kim, Hwa Suck Suh, Chung Yill Park, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):650-658. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.650

Abstract PDF: The pulmonary recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, in particular, neutrophils is thought to contribute to lung injury resulting from dust exposure. MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2) which is a member of C-X-C chemokine plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment to sites of tissue injury. Especially, mineral fiber induced pulmonary response is as a model for the neutrophil recruitment. Therefore, we evaluated the distribution of MIP-2 expression in lung tissue of mineral fiber exposed rat using immunohistochemical study and the relationship between degree of inflammation of lower respiratory tract and MIP-2 expression. Total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in mineral fiber-exposed group were markedly increased compared with each control group even not in ceramic fiber group. Number of neutrophil in BAL fluid in mineral fiber-exposed group were markedly increased compared with each control group until 4th week but except ceramic fiber group. In chrysotile group, number of neutrophil in BAL fluid were markedly increased compared with control group at 8th week. Lung tissue instilled with all kinds of mineral fibers showed remarkable developments of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and small multiple granulomas but not for ceramic fiber group. In chrysotile group, multiple granuloma and inflammatory change were more profuse response compared with other groups. MIP-2 was predominently expresses in epithelial cells of bronchioles and bronchus and was express also found in macrophages with lung section at 1 week after fiber instillation. Small amount of epithelial cell associated MIP-2 was present in chrysotile at 8 week group. But MIP-2 was not seen in epithelial cells and macrophages in the lung tissue instilled with crocidolite, ceramic fiber and glass fiber at 8 weeks. Our finding suggest that MIP-2 is predominantly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells of lung from mineral fiber-exposed rat and correlated with inflammatory cell, especially neutrophil, recruitment and tissue reaction. And we documented that MIP-2 expression and neutrophil recruitment in man-made vitreous fiber-exposed rat, especially glass fiber, less than chrysotile.

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The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical Generation on the Cytotoxicity of Alveolar Macrophage and Lipid Peroxidation of Erythrocyte Membrane by Mineral Fibers: Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Chung Yill Park, Im Goung Yun, Min Hwa Oh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(3):401-410. Published online October 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.3.401

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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The Measurement of IL-1, 8, TNF for the Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis: Young Lim, Kyoung Ah Kim, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):17-25. Published online February 28, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.17

Abstract PDF

Many acute and chronic lung diseased including pneumoconiosis are characterized by the presence of increased numbers of activated macrophages. These macrophages generate several inflammatory cell chemoattractants, by which neutrophil migrate from vascular compartment to the alveolar space. Recruited neutrophils secrete toxic oxygen radicals or proteolytic enzymes and induce inflammatory response. Continuing inflammatory response results in alteration of the pulmonary structure and irreversible fibrosis. Recently, a polypeptide with specific neutrophil chemotactic activity, interleukin-8 (IL-8), has been cloned and isolated from a number of cells such as: monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. IL-1 and/or TNF-alpha preceded for the synthesis of IL-8, and we already observed high level of IL-1 and TNF-alpha in vivo experiments. So we hypothesized that IL-8 might play a central role in the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis. In order to evaluate the clinical utility of IL-1, IL-8, TNF as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, we investigated the increase of IL-1, 8, TNF in the pneumoconiotic patient and the significant (p<0.05) correlation between IL-8 level and progression of pneumoconiosis.

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The Effects of Air-borne Particulate Matters on the Alveolar Macrophages for the TNF-α and IL-1β Secretion
Tian Zhu Li, Soo-Jin Lee, Se-Jong Park, Byung-Joon Chang, Jong-Hwan Lee, Kil-Soo Kim, Myoung-Heon Lee, Nong-Hoon Choe
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006; 60(5): 554. CrossRef

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Effect of Asbestos on Fibroblast Proliferation of Rat: Kyoung Ah Kim, Dong Won Lee, Young Lim, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):392-402. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.392

Abstract PDF

Asbestosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of lower respiratory tract in which alveolar wall are progressively thickened by a fibrotic process. Fibrotic process characterized by an expansion of fibroblast and collagenous extracellular matrix secreted from this fibroblast. Alveolar macrophage is believed to be a primary target cell and major participant in the evolution of lung fibrosis after asbestos inhalation. Alveolar macrophage are known to release a variety of substance that induce tissue damage and stimulate inflammatory cells and fibroblast. Macrophage also release a variety of metabolite of arachidonic acid. Of these, PGE(2) is known to suppress fibroblast proliferation. Asbestos may be a very effective stimulus for fibroblasts without triggering the relase of PGE(2). To assess the fibrogenic properties of asbestos according to kind and dosage of asbestos and the ability of PGE(2) to suppress the proliferation of fibroblast, alveolar macrophages cultured with crocidolite, amosite and chrysotile in presence or absence of PGE(2)10(-5)M. At 24 hours after alveolar macrophage cultured with various stimuli, the released fibronectin and TNF-alpha was measured. Viability of alveolar macrophages was observed and growth promoting activity of macrphage supernatant to fibroblasts was quantified. The results were as follows; 1. The viability of alveoair macrophages stimulated with asbestos fiber was markedly decreased compared with control group except chrysotile 10 microgram group. Crocidolite and amosite were more cytotoxic than chrysotile. 2. All of asbestos augmented fibronectin production in concentration dependent fashion. 3. There was a significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha production in supernatant and fiber concentration. 4. Supernatant from alveolar macrophages cultured with asbestos were inducible a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation. 5. Incubation of avieolar macrophages with asbestos in the presence of PGE(2) resulted in significant decrease of TNF-alpha production in supernant. 6. Supernatant from alveolar macrophages cultured with asbestos were inducible a: sig nificnat decrease in fibroblast proliferation when PGE(2) was added. The result of this study strongly suggested that crocidolite and amosite were more cytotoxic and fibrogenic and exogenous PGE(2) suppressed fibroblast proliferation following exposed to asbestos.

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The Effects of Air-borne Particulate Matters on the Alveolar Macrophages for the TNF-α and IL-1β Secretion
Tian Zhu Li, Soo-Jin Lee, Se-Jong Park, Byung-Joon Chang, Jong-Hwan Lee, Kil-Soo Kim, Myoung-Heon Lee, Nong-Hoon Choe
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006; 60(5): 554. CrossRef

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Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in a Smelter: Kyoung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):230-234. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.230

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Occupational lung diseases caused by metal oxide are classified as follows, metal fume fever, chemical pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and occupational asthma. Even though it's well known the immunologic mechanism is involved in metal fume fever, the exact cause is unkown yet. Some authors have speculated that metal fume fever is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A smelter exposed to metal oxide fumes was hospitalized with some complaints such as severe cough, dyspnea and fever. Chest radiographs on admission showed ill-defined reticulonodular density especially prominent in the base of the both lower lobe. HRCT of chest was observed diffuse fine granolar and reticular involvement with multiple small honeycomb cystic lesion. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a lymphocyte predominant alveolitis and TBLB had the finding of noncaseating granuloma infiltrating with giant cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. This is a case of alveolitis caused by metal oxide fume which has the characteristics of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in clinical picture and the finding of BAL and TBLB.

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Association of Exposure to Chemicals with Dyspnea among Employed Workers: Analysis of the 3rdKorean Working Conditions Survey
Moon-Young Park, Sung-Ho Hwang, Kimyong Hong, Se-Eun Oh, Kyoung-Mu Lee
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 64. CrossRef

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Epidemiological survey on the environment and health status in asbestos factories: Im Goung Yun, Chung Yill Park, Won Chul Lee, Young Lim, Kyung Ah Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):137-151. Published online February 28, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.1.137

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No abstract available.

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Ovarian cancer in a former asbestos textile factory worker: a case report
Sunwook Park, Jaechan Park, Eunsoo Lee, Huisu Eom, Mu Young Shin, Jungwon Kim, Dongmug Kang, Sanggil Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
A Study on Characteristics of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Using PCM and TEM in Life Environment Surroundings of Seoul
Jinhyo Lee, Suhyun Lee, Jihui Kim, Seokryul Oh, Jinho Shin, Seokwon Eom, Youngzoo Chae, Jinsook Lee, Jayong Koo
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.2013; 35(9): 613. CrossRef
Asbestos-related Diseases among Asbestos Textile Factory Workers and Residents Around the Factory
Dong-Mug Kang, Dong-Chul Gu, Kun-Hyung Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2009; 52(5): 482. CrossRef
Compensation and Diagnosis of Asbestos Related Disease
Soo-Geun Kim
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(5): 335. CrossRef

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Factor pattern of early diagnostic findings in coalworker' pneumoconiosis: Young Lim, Im Goung Yun, Seung Han Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(1):45-51. Published online February 29, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.1.45

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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A case of pulmonary fibrosis after exposure to ammonia gas: Hyeon Woo Yim, Young Lim, Im Goung Yun, Min Hwa Oh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1991;3(2):227-234. Published online November 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1991.3.2.227

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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A case of Raynaud's syndrome in worker exposed to hand-arm vibration: Kyoung Ah Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim, Young Lim, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1991;3(1):119-123. Published online February 28, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1991.3.1.119

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Lead Poisoning by Administration of Herb Medicine: Yong Zun Kim, Kyung Ah Kim, Young Lim, Im Goung Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(1):64-70. Published online February 28, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.1.64

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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