Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Im Won Chang

7 Articles

Reference Values of Cadmium in Kidney and Liver in Korean: Jung Duck Park, Byung Sun Choi, Il Hoon Kweon, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):346-355. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.346

OBJECTIVES
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate in the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general population. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. MEDTHODS: Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies (male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years.
RESULTS
Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ua/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42. 6 v/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then leveled off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation in renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0. 2325 + 0. 0553 Age 0. 0005 Age. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43. 3 ua/g wet weight at 50. 8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the following equation: Total Cd Body Burden = -4. 5948 + l. 2278 Age - 0. 0121 Age. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26. 5 mg at age 50. 7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed in renal cortex and liver.
CONCLUSIONS
The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than in Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure on the Liver in Korean Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Mi-Na Seo, Sang-Yong Eom, Ji-Ae Lim, Jung-Eum Lee, Byung-Sun Choi, Ho-Jang Kwon, Young-Seoub Hong, Heon Kim, Jung-Duck Park
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.2023; 84(2): 237. CrossRef
Association of Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Renal Function in Korean Adults
Yoonjin Park, Su-Jung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6646. CrossRef

21 View
0 Download
2 Crossref

The Influence of Smoking, Alcohol Ingestion, and Physical Activity on Copper, Zinc and Ceruloplasmin in Blood of Male Adults: Jin Wan Park, Eun Yong Kang, In Cheol Shin, Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Im Won Chang, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):569-578. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.569

Abstract PDF

Objective : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases.
METHODS
At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regres sion analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron.
RESULTS
In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker (P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical activfty with, heavy smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that copper, zinc and eeruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessment of reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in a selected Italian population
Beatrice Bocca, Roberto Madeddu, Yolande Asara, Paola Tolu, Juan A. Marchal, Giovanni Forte
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2011; 25(1): 19. CrossRef

24 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Reference Value of Cadmium in Myocardium in Korean: Jung Duck Park, Heon Bang Lim, Byung Sun Choi, Il Hoon Kweon, Sang Yeon Lee, Eun Yong Kang, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):24-32. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.24

Abstract PDF: Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and non-essential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies(male 172, female 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 microgram/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male(0. 18 microgram/g wet weight) and female(0.22 microgram/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 microgram/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male(25.13 microgram/g wet weight) and female(25.57 microgram/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation Log Heart-Cd = -1.2726 + 0.0234 Age - 0.0002 Age2. The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 microgram/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation Total Cd burden in Heart = -10.165 + 2.891 Age - 0.0258 Age2. The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7 microgram at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195 +/- 0.0262- Log Heart-Cd.

16 View
0 Download

Biological Indices for Early Detection of Cadmium Poisoning: Significance of Urinary Metallothionein: Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):230-243. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.230

Abstract PDF: Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium (Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measures the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, beta 2-microglobulin (MG) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with dosers of 0.8 and 1.6 mg Cd/kg body weight respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. this finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 no Cd/kg body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 lays after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, beta-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, beta-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, beta-MG and NAG for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index as screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

23 View
0 Download

Biological Index for Cadmium Exposure: Assay of Metallothionein by Competitive ELISA: Jung Duck Park, Woo Suk Lee, Yoon Kong, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):258-271. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.258

Abstract PDF

Metallothionein (MT) is a cadmium binding protein that played major' roles in protective mechanism for cadmium toxicity. In the present study, competitive ELISA was established to assay the MT expression utilizing monospecific antibody which was generated against MT-L A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with CdCl2 for two weeks to induce MT. The cytosolic fraction of rat liver was obtained by differential centrifugation. Two major MT isozymes (MT-I & MT-II) at ca. 10 kDa were purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration followed by DEAE-Trisacryl-M anion exchange column chromatogra-phy, respectively. Two rabbits were immunized 4 times consecutively with the conjugate of purified MT-L The sera were collected by heart puncture. When immunoblot was carried out, the immunized rabbit sera (anti-MT-I) exhibited specific immunoreactive band at MT-I while showed any cross reactions neither with MT-II nor with other cytosolic proteins.. By chequerboard titration using the monospecific antibody, the competitive ELISA was established. The dose-dependent relationship was observed between anti-MT-I antibody and the amount of MT in biological samples (r(2)=O.9980). These results suggested strongly that competitive ELISA is a simple, rapid and reproducible method for screening cadmium exposure.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of factors associated with cadmium exposure and kidney function in the general population
Mingai Huang, Seong‐Jin Choi, Dong‐Won Kim, Na‐Young Kim, Hye‐Sun Bae, Seung‐Do Yu, Dae‐Seon Kim, Heon Kim, Byung‐Sun Choi, Il‐Je Yu, Jung‐Duck Park
Environmental Toxicology.2013; 28(10): 563. CrossRef

19 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

Changes of Cadmium in Blood and Urine of Cadmium Exposed Rats: Jung Duck Park, Mee Jung Kim, Byung Sun Choi, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):316-322. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.316

Abstract PDF: The changes of Cadmium(Cd) in plasma, whole blood, erythrocyte and urine in Sprague-Dawley male rates exposed to intravenous single injection of 0.8 mg CdCl2/kg of body weight were investigated. Blood sample was taken at 0.5 to 672 hours, and 24 hour-urine was collected by using metabolic cage for the same period. The plasma level of Cd was reached to peak at 0.5 hour after injection and reduced rapidly in 1 hour. The Cd level in blood was the highest in plasma and the lowest in erythrocyte at 0.5 hour after injection. However, in one hour postinjection, the levels of Cd were higher in order of erythrocyte, whole blood and plasma, up to 4 weeks. The changes of urinary volume and creatinine were not significant between Cd-treated and saline-treated groups. However, urinary protein was slightly increased with time in Cd-treated group. Urinary Cd level was higher in Cd treated group than control. These results suggest that the measurement of Cd in erythrocyte and urine is valuable for the biological index to estimate recent Cd exposure.

24 View
0 Download

Changes in Cadmium Deposit and Histopathologic Finding of Testis, Liver and Kidney in Cadmium Exposed Rats: Young Goo Lee, Jung Duck Park, Byung Sun Choi, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):56-68. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.56

Abstract PDF: To assess the changes of cadmium deposit and histopathologic finding of testis, liver and kidney, different dose of cadmium (Cd) was administered into male Sprague-Dawley rat(purchased from KIST, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) by single intravenous injection. At 12, 24, 48, 168 and 672 hours after Cd injection, tissue cadmium concentration and histopathological change were examined. Cd exposed group showed lesser weight gain than the control. Renal Cd content tended to increase in time-dependent pattern, while hepatic and testicular Cd content tended to decrease. Mean of renal Cd content to hepatic Cd content (Cd K/Cd L) also progressively increased. These results suggest that Cd might be gradually transported to kidney fro other organs. In testis and liver, degenerative changes appeared relatively in acute phase. These changes became more pronounced in testis, while less prominent in liver. In kidney, swelling of proximal tubluar cells and thickening of glomerular basement membrane appeared relatively later and these changes were progressively aggravated.

15 View
0 Download

Author index